HISTORIANS AT WORK Other Books by Peter Gay: Style in History (1974) The Bridge ofCriticism: Dialogues on the Enlightenment (1970) The Enlightenment: An Interpretation Volume II, The Science of Freedom (1969) Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider (1968) A Loss of Mastery: Puritan Historians in Colonial America (1966) The Enlightenment: An Interpretation Volume I, The Rise of Modern Paganism (1966) The Party ofHumanity: Essays in the French Enlightenment (1964) Voltaire's Politics: The Poet as Realist (1959) TheDilemmaofDemocraticSocialism:EduardBernstein'sChallengeto Marx (1952) Translations with Introductions: Voltaire: Candide (1963) Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary, 2 vols. (1962) Ernst Cassirer: The Question ofJean Jacques Rousseau (1954) Anthologies: Deism: An Anthology (1968) John Locke on Education (1964) NEW YORK, EVANSTON, SAN FRANCISCO, LONDON Historians Work at VOLUME III Edited by Peter Gay and Victor G. Wexler & Harper Row, Publishers j_ mil HISTORIANS AT WORK, VOLUME III. Copyright © 1975 by Peter J. Gay and Victor G. Waxier. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States ofAmerica. No part of this book maybe used orreproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permissionexceptinthecaseofbriefquotationsembodied incriticalarticlesand reviews. For information address Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., 10 East 53rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10022. Published simultaneously in Canada by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, Toronto. FIRST EDITION Designed by Sidney Feinberg Library ofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data (Revised) Gay, Peter, 1923- comp. Historians at work. Vol. edited by P. Gay and V. G. Wexler. Includes bibliographical references. — 1. History Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Cavanaugn, Gerald J., joint comp. II. Wexler, Victor G.,joint comp. III. Title. D6.G35 908 75-123930 ISBN 0-06-011473-8 (v. 1) ISBN 0-06-011472-X (v. 2) ISBN 0-06011474-6 (v. 3) ISBN 0-06-011476-2 (v. 4) 75 76 77 78 79 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1