HIPPOLYTUS AND THE ROMAN CHURCH IN THE THIRD CENTURY COMMUNITIES IN TENSION BEFORE THE EMERGENCE OF A MONARCH-BISHOP BY ·> ALLEN BRENT E.J. BRILL LEIDEN · NEW YORK · KÖLN 1995 SUPPLEMENTS TO VIGILIAE CHRISTIANAE Formerly Philosophia Patrum TEXTS AND STUDIES OF EARLY CHRISTIAN LIFE AND LANGUAGE EDITORS J. DEN BOEFT — R. VAN DEN BROEK — A.F.J. KUJN G. QUISPEL —J.C.M. VAN WINDEN VOLUME XXXI The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. ISSN 0920-623X ISBN 90 0410245 0 © Copyright 1995 by E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permisrion fiom the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by E.J. Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Abbreviations......................................................................................................VII Preface....................................................................................................................XI Plates...................................................................................................................ΧΙΠ Introduction..............................................................................................................1 I. The Statue of Hippolytus: Discovery.......................................................3 A. Ligorio’s reputation and the Statue.................................................5 B. Guarducci’s attack on Ligorio’s reliability..................................11 Π. The Statue and Themista of Lampsacus.................................................51 A. Transformation of Themista of Lampsacus.................................52 B. Location of the Statue: Cemetery or Library?.............................76 C. Conclusion: Hippolytus’ House...................................................109 ΠΙ. The Statue and the Hippolytan corpus.................................................115 A. The rediscovery of the Contra Noe turn......................................116 B. The rediscovery of έλεγχος κατά πασών αιρέσεων..................127 C. Κεφάλαια κατά Γαΐου and the απολογία of the Statue............144 D. Rediscovery of the άποστολική παράδοσις...............................184 E. The Statue and the Corpus Hippolytanum................................197 IV. The Statue and the Two Authors Theory (I).......................................204 A. Authorship of Elenchos and Contra Noetum............................206 B. Elenchos and related works connected to the Statue...............258 V. The Statue and the Two Authors Theory (II)......................................300 A. The Statue and the C.N. block.....................................................301 B. The literary profile and the two-authors theory........................346 C. Conclusion: the Statue and Pagan Philosophy..........................365 VI. The School and ‘Schism’ of Hippolytus.............................................368 A. The carmen of Prudentius and Damasus’ epigram..................368 B. The conceptualization of Hippolytus’ schism...........................388 C. Hippolytus’ congregation in the Roman community...............398 D. Conclusion: Roman Church Order before Cyprian...................453 VII. Hippolytus and Church Order..............................................................458 A. ‘Hippolytus’ and ‘Clement’ as ciphers for traditions.............459 B. διαδοχή and άρχιερατεία: the Clementine dimension.............475 C. Hippolytus and Tertullian............................................................501 D. Tertullian: Pre Cyprianic Church Order....................................535 Bibliography........................................................................................................541 Index.....................................................................................................................571 1. Biblical Citations...........................................................................571 2. Ancient Authors.............................................................................574 - 3. Modem Authors..............................................................................588 4. Manuscripts cited..........................................................................594 5. Greek Words and Phrases............................................................597 6. Latin Words and Phrases..............................................................606 AAWG Abhandlungen der Akamedie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen ABAW Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ABenRev American Benedictine Review AH AW Abhandlungen der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften AKWG Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen ArLiW Archiv für Liturgiewissenschaft AmJArch American Journal of Archaeology AmJPhil American Journal of Philology · AnBoll Analecta Bollandiana AnLov Analecta Lovanensia biblica et orientalia ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung, Ed. H. Temporini and W. Haase (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter) Antiqu. Antiquitas: Beiträge zur Historia-Augusta Forschung, Ed. J. Straub und A. Alfoldi (Bonn: R. Habelt Verlag 1963—) ArcCl Archeologia Classica ArFil Archivio di Filosophia Ath. Athenaeum AThR Anglican Theological Review ATNT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments Aug Augustinianum BArC Bulletino di archeologia cristiana BeitrHisiTh Beiträge zur Historischen Theologie BiLit Bibel und Liturgie BUtE Bulletin de littérature ecclesiastique ' * BR Biblical Research BRev Biblical Review BSGT Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubnerianae (Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR Zentralinstitut für alte Geschichte und Archäologie), (Leipzig: Teubner 1984). BThAM Bulletin de Théologie Ancienne et Médiévale Byz Byzantion: Revue Internationale des Études Byzantines ByzZ Byzantinische Zeitschrift BZHT Beiträge zur Historischen Theologie CCa Civiltà Cattlica ChH Church History CIG Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum, Ed. A Boeck and J. Franz (Berlin: Reimer 1828—) CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (Berlin : Reimer 1866-) Class Rev Classical Review CIPl Classical Philology CSCO Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium (Louvain: Secrétariat du Corpus SCO: 1975). CSLE Corpus Scriptorum Latinorum Ecclesiasticorum (Vienna: Gerold 1866-) DACE Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne et de Liturgie, (Ed.) F. Cabrol and H. Leclercq (Paris: Libraire Letouzey et Ané 1924) DomSt Dominican Studies DR Downside Review EglTheo Église et Theologie EphL Ephemerides Liturgicae EThL Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments FZPhTh Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie GCS Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten beiden , Jahrhunderte (Hinrich: Leipzig 1897). Greg Gregorianum Gym Gymnasium , HA Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft , , Herrn Hermes - , / Hermath Hermathena , ,r Hesp Hesperia ? * -, - ,, HeyJn Heythrop Journal HThR Harvard Theological Review ILCV Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres, Ed. E. Diehl, Vols 1-3 (Berlin: Weidmann 1924,1927). ICUR Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Roma septimo saeculo antiquiores, Ed. De Rossi G.B. and Silvagni A., Nova series (Rome 1921-) IG Inscriptiones Graecae, Ed. Kirschner J. (Berlin: Rheimarus 1913—; De Gruyter 1924—) . JbAC Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum j JBL Journal of Biblical Literature - v ■> JEgArch Journal of Egyptian Archeology > JEH Journal of Ecclesiastical History · , JES Journal of Ecumenical Studies JLiW Jahrbuch für Liturgiewissenschaft „ « JRH Journal of Religious History , ( JRomS Journal of Roman Studies « JSNT.S Journal for the Study of the New Teftqment: Supplementary Series JThS Journal of Theological Studies , , ' LeDiv Lectio Divina « MD La Maison-Dieu , MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica -, t<. MSR Mélanges de Science Religieuse MuThZ Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift * NA Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen ,, NT Novum Testamentum , · NTS New Testament Studies OECT Oxford Early Christian Texts, H. Chadwick ( Clarendon Press) V i OrChr Oriens Christianus f OrChrA Orientalia Christiana Analecta 11 OrSyr Oriens Syriens ·' OstkiSt Ostkirchliche Studien PL P.G. Migne, Patrologia Latina (Paris 1857-) ' Phil Philologus, Zeitschrift für Klassische Altertum PO Patrologia Orientalis, Ed. R. Graffin and F. Nau, (Paris 1903-) PG P.G. Migne, Patrologia Graeca-Latina (Paris J857-) PWK A. Paulys-Wi ssowa, Real-encyclopddia der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Metzler: Stuttgart 1899) QLP Questions Liturgiques et Paroissiales RAC Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum RBen Revue Benedictine Rbib Revue Biblique RDroitCan Revue de Droit Canonique RevHisRel Revue de l’histoire des religions . RecSciRel Recherches de Science Religieuse RelStudRev Religious Studies Review RendPontAcc Rendiconti della Pontificia Accademia Romtaa di AtCheologia RevBelg Revue belge de philologie de d’histoire RevEtByz Revue des Études Byzantines RevHE Revue d’histoire ecclésiastique RevHPhR Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuse RevScPhTh Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiqiies RevSR Revue des Sciences Religieuses RGG Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart RivAC Ri vista Archeologia Cristiana RPARA Rendiconti della P. Accademia Romana di Archeologia * RThAM Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale SBAW Sitzungsberichte der Bayrische Akademie der Wissenschaften SbMn Sitzungberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philos-philol.-hist. Klasse (München) SC Sources Chrétiennes (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf 1944-) SciEspirit Science et Espirit ScuCat La Scuola Cattolica SecCent The Second Century Set Studi e Testi SGK Schriften der Königsberger Gelehrten Gesellschaft SHAW Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften SPAW Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Philosophische historische Klasse StEphAug. Studia Èphemeridis «Augustinianum» (Institutum Patristicum «Augustimanum», Rome) StPB Studia Post-Biblica StTh Studia Theologica StudPatr Studia Patristica StuPat Studia Patavina TheolStKrit Theologische Studien und Kritiken Theoph Beiträge zur Religions- und KirchengeadHchte des Altertums TheoRev Theologische Revue TAG Theologie und Glaube '«'tv· ThQ Theologische Quartalschrift ThR Theologische Rundschau ThS Theological Studies ThZ Theologische Zeitschrift TV Texte und Untersuchungen der Altchristhchen Literatur TWNT Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament VC Verbum Caro VCh Vigiliae Christianae WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament (Mohr: Tübingen) ZKG Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte ZKTh Zeitschrift für Katholische Theologie ZNW Zeitschrift für Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und Kunde der älteren Kirche ZRGG Zeitschrift für Religion und Geistgeschichte ZJhK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche ZWTh Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Theologie 1 * PREFACE Firstly my heartfelt thanks to Dr Caroline Bammel, distinguished Origen scholar, who undertook to read the manuscript for Brill but who has been a constant source of encouragement and inspiration in my task, as has my for­ mer teacher at Cambridge, Dr Ernst Bammel. Next I would thank Professor Christopher Stead in 1989 and to Dr Lionel Wickham in 1994 who gave me the opportunity to air many points of my thesis before the critical audience of the Faculty of Divinity’s Patristics Seminar which they chaired. A further debt must not go unacknowledged to Dr Amanda Claridge, for­ mer Deputy Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome, but now of Oxford University, where I spent many January months working, and re­ ceiving her invaluable help. During such visits to Rome critical assistance was also generously afforded to me by Praeses P. Professore Vittorino Grossi, and Vice Praeses P. Dottore R. Dodaro, at the Institutum Augustinianum, Rome, which has, under their leadership and that of their predecessors, become such a power house of Patristic scholarship. I would like to give special thanks to Dr James Carleton Paget, Fellow of Peterhouse, for reading my manuscript and making so many helpful, incisive and critical suggestions about both the form and substance of my text. It has proved invaluable to have the guidance of a young scholar of great promise, at the cutting edge of so many problems of the second century for the devel­ opment of Jewish Christianity, and our discussions over the years that have proved so informative of my present argument. Finally I would thank Dr Philip Burton who read and corrected the manuscript so painstakingly, and whose impressive knowledge of the tradition of Latin ms. was of great assis­ tance to my treatment of the Apostolic Tradition. The University of North Queensland gave me the generous support of a sabbatical in Cambridge, in order to take up my Visiting Fellowship at Clare Hall, for which I am also thankful. I hereby acknowledge the kind permission of the following to reproduce photographic plates: (i) Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, Rome (Plates 1, 3, 12, 13, 15-21, and 23-24). (ii) Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato P.V., Rome (Plates 2,4, and 5). (iii) The British Library, London (Plates 8,9, 10 and 11).