Changqing Zhang Editor Hip Surgery A Practical Guide 123 Hip Surgery Changqing Zhang Editor Hip Surgery A Practical Guide Editor Changqing Zhang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China ISBN 978-981-15-9330-7 ISBN 978-981-15-9331-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9331-4 The printed edition is not for sale in Mainland of China. Customers from Mainland of China please order the print book from Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. and Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Before the description of the surgery of the hip, I would like to detail some experience and ponderation during the diagnosis and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Back in 1999, it occurred to me that whether it can be possible to broaden the application of microsur- gery to the treatment against both common and rare diseases? Once a breakthrough happens in clinic, it would not only promote the development of associated disciplines, but also benefit a significant number of afflicted patients. Based on this careful deliberation, I tended to focus on the effective treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Nowadays, artificial joint technol- ogy has been significantly developed; hence, it is obviously necessary for young and most middle-aged people to preserve their hip joints for the functional recovery towards normal stage based on the clinic demand and efficacy. The free vascularized fibular grafting technique invented by our predecessors Chen Zhongwei, Yu Zhongjia, Zeng Bingfang, and other ortho- pedic pioneers had been applied in the restoration of various bone tissues, yet exclusive of the reestablishment of the femoral head. This strategy was implemented by American Dr. Urbannic to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head and achieved remarkable efficacy in practice. However, it required complicated operative techniques plus the collaboration of two groups of specialized doctors. Therefore, based on this discovery, we embarked on long endless clinical exploration. After the persistent inheritance and practice, we significantly shortened the con- ventional minimal fibular extraction time from 40 minutes to 10–15 minutes; the novel anterior medial hip operative approach was also devised by us to expose blood vessels and clean femo- ral head necrosis more completely, realizing the intraoperative possibility of fibular extraction easily. One or two hours by one single group of orthopedic doctors were enough to accomplish the entire operation procedures. With the progress of both diagnosis and treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis, patients suffering from a variety of difficult diseases were followed; one of them was the nonunion of femoral neck fracture. In terms of the nonunion of femoral neck, we established the modified fibular grafting technique with internal fixation. Osteotomy, ortho- morphia, and other orthopedic techniques were also performed to treat various femoral head diseases such as femoral head deformity and teenage osteoarthritis, which enlarged the scope of surgical operation effectively. The development of clinic technology was associated with the increased demands of patients. The research about the diagnosis and treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis in recent years enabled me to feel intently that all kinds of diseases were not separated. If patients had felt pain in hip joint, latent possibilities emerged as hip joint disorder, or waist diseases, or even traumatic pain. The greatest benefits could be acquired by patients only after systematic clinic diagnosis and treatment. Meanwhile, we orthopedic doctors should recognize clearly that our objective was to provide a complete and systematic diagnostic and treatment strategy for patients. The reason our book was named as Surgery of the Hip rather than “Surgery of the hip joint” was exactly led by above consideration. We hoped to help our readers grasp system- atically what kind of trauma would occur in this hip anatomic area. What kind of disease it would be? Why was there pain and discomfort? We aimed at helping our readers to acquire the relevant surgical techniques from the book, and expected orthopedic specialists to understand v vi Preface the connections between topographic anatomy and the pathophysiology of hip diseases, so as to comprehend the overall diagnosis and treatment of such diseases completely and systematically. Shanghai, China Changqing Zhang January 2018 Editor’s List • Editor in chief Changqing Zhang Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China • Editors Bing Hu Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Zongyuan Cai Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China Bochang Chen Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Jie Chen Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Shengbao Chen Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Shengming Dai Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China Dajiang Du Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Bochang Chen Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Youshui Gao Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Junjie Guan Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China PeiJun Xu Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Hai Hu Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China vii viii Editor’s List Yigang Huang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Weitao Jia Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Dongxu Jin Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Guangyi Li Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China Sen Lin Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Jiagen Sheng Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Hui Sun Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Hao Wu Department of Orthopedics, Qianfoshan Hospital Shandong Provine, China Zongping Xie Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Qingcheng Yang Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai, China Weiwu Yao Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Jimin Yin Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai, China Yong Feng Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Ting Yuan Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China Shi Zhan Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China Changqing Zhang Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Wei Zhang Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China Zhichang Zhang Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Editor’s List ix Zhenzhong Zhu Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China • Editor’s Secretary Chun Chen Secretary of Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China Acknowledgments Great appreciation goes to my teachers and mentors, to whom I am deeply grateful. None of these can happen without their support. I want to express my thanks to many of my colleagues and students. We learn from each other and move forward together. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family, my wife and my kids for all the love and support. xi