E x p e r i e n c e s i n E f f e c t i v e P r e v e n t i o n The U.S. Department of Education’s Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Models on College Campuses Grants iv | Experiences in Effective Prevention Experiences in Effective Prevention | i Experiences i n Effective P r e v e n t i o n The U.S. Department of Education’s Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Models on College Campuses Grants William DeJong Boston University School of Public Health and Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention Jerry Anderson Tom Colthurst Laurie Davidson Linda M. Langford Virginia L. Mackay-Smith Barbara Ryan Helen Stubbs Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention A publication of the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention Funded by the U.S. Department of Education T his publication was funded by the Offi ce of Safe and Drug-Free Schools at the U.S. Department of Educa- tion under contract number ED-04-CO-0137 with Education Development Center, Inc. The contracting offi cer’s representative was Richard Lucey, Jr. The content of this publication does not necessarily refl ect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Education, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial prod- ucts, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This publication also contains hyperlinks and URLs for information created and maintained by private organizations. This information is provided for the read- er’s convenience. The U.S. Department of Education is not responsible for controlling or guaranteeing the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or completeness of this outside information. Further, the inclusion of information or a hyper- link or URL does not refl ect the importance of the organization, nor is it intended to endorse any views expressed or products or services offered. U.S. Department of Education Margaret Spellings Secretary Offi ce of Safe and Drug-Free Schools Deborah A. Price Assistant Deputy Secretary August 2007 This publication is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted. While permis- sion to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of Education, Offi ce of Safe and Drug-Free Schools, Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention, Experiences in Effective Prevention: The U.S. Department of Education’s Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Models on Col- lege Campuses Grants, Washington, D.C., 2007. To order copies of this publication, write to: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention Education Development Center, Inc. 55 Chapel Street Newton, MA 02458-1060 or call: 1-800-676-1730; TDD Relay-friendly, Dial 711 or fax: 617-928-1537 or e-mail: [email protected] This publication and other resources are available on the Web site for the U.S. Department of Education’s Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention: http://www.higheredcenter.org. On request, this publication is available in alternate formats, such as Braille, large print, audiotape, or computer diskette. For more information, please contact the Department’s Alternate Format Center at 202-260-9895 or 202-205-8113. iv | Experiences in Effective Prevention Contents List of Figures ..................................................................................................................vi Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................vii Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................1 Lessons From the Model Program Grants .................................................................................................................1 Challenges of Program Replication ............................................................................................................................2 Overview of the Report ...............................................................................................................................................3 References ....................................................................................................................................................................4 Chapter 2: Recent Advances in Campus-Based Prevention ...........................................5 Scope of the Problem ..................................................................................................................................................5 Comprehensive Approach to Prevention ...................................................................................................................7 Prevention Infrastructure .........................................................................................................................................10 Moving Forward ..........................................................................................................................................................11 References ..................................................................................................................................................................12 Chapter 3: An Overview of the 1999–2004 Model Program Grants ...........................15 A Typology of Campus-Based Prevention Programs ..............................................................................................16 The 1999 Model Programs ........................................................................................................................................19 The 2000 Model Programs .......................................................................................................................................21 The 2001 Model Programs ........................................................................................................................................23 The 2004 Model Programs ......................................................................................................................................25 Overview of Model Program Activities ...................................................................................................................26 References ..................................................................................................................................................................32 Chapter 4: Lessons on Program Development .............................................................35 1. Exercising Leadership ............................................................................................................................................35 2. Building Coalitions ................................................................................................................................................40 3. Choosing Evidence-Based Programs ................................................................................................................... 45 References ..................................................................................................................................................................51 Chapter 5: Lessons on Program Implementation .........................................................55 1. Implementing Strategic Planning .........................................................................................................................55 2. Conducting a Program Evaluation ........................................................................................................................62 3. Working Toward Sustainability .............................................................................................................................65 4. Taking the Long View ............................................................................................................................................68 References ..................................................................................................................................................................69 Resources .......................................................................................................................73 Appendix 1: Site Visit Interview Protocol .....................................................................78 Appendix 2: Characteristics of 22 Institutions of Higher Education With U.S. Department of Education Model Programs (1999–2004) ......................................... 80 Experiences in Effective Prevention | v Figures 1. Typology Matrix of Program and Policy Options for Campus-Based Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment ...........................................................................................................................................18 2. Indicators of Constructive Mobilization and Engagement for AOD Abuse Prevention Coalitions ........................47 3. The Strategic Planning Process ...................................................................................................................................58 4. Social Norms Marketing Campaign Logic Model ......................................................................................................61 vi | Experiences in Effective Prevention Acknowledgments This publication summarizes current thinking in the fi eld about the elements of effective campus-based alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse prevention, based on the experiences of 22 grantee institutions funded from 1999 to 2004 by the U.S. Department of Education’s Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Models on College Campuses Grants program. Several staff members of the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Preven- tion led site visits to the grantee institutions: Jerry Anderson, Tom Colthurst, Laurie Davidson, Linda M. Langford, Virginia L. Mackay-Smith, Barbara Ryan, and Helen Stubbs. Each staff member was accompanied on site by an outside expert on campus-based AOD abuse prevention. We thank these individuals both for the professionalism they brought to this work and for their several contributions to our thinking about important lessons learned: • Spencer Deakin, Frostburg State University • Paul Dexter, University of Southern Maine • Rick Gant, University of South Carolina • Jennifer Haubenreiser, Montana State University—Bozeman • Mary Hill, formerly of West Texas A&M University • Becky Ireland, Maine Higher Education Alcohol Prevention Project • Patricia Ketcham, Oregon State University • Carla Lapelle, Marshall University • Sally Linowski, University of Massachusetts Amherst • Julie Manchester, Ohio Drug-Free Action Alliance • Sarah Mart, University of San Francisco • Rebecca Matusovich, Maine Offi ce of Substance Abuse • Kristy Miller, Louisiana State University—Baton Rouge • John Pryor, Dartmouth College • Riley Venable, Texas Southern University • Nancy Wahlig, University of California, San Diego • Beth Welbes, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign • Katrin Wesner, University of North Carolina Wilmington Brian Dietz of Ball State University, along with site visit experts Spencer Deakin, Mary Hill, and Katrin Wesner, re- viewed an earlier draft and offered many helpful suggestions. Consultants Deb Walker of Northern State University in South Dakota and Evan Norris of the University of Wisconsin discussed with us and helped refi ne many of the ideas presented in this publication. Experiences in Effective Prevention | vii Several other Higher Education Center staff members contributed to the publication as well. Laurie Davidson deserves special mention due to her yeoman’s work in coordinating the site visit project, planning the visits to the models grantees’ campuses, recruiting the expert site visitors, and designing the interview protocols. She was also a principal contributor in developing the concept and design of this book, which relies heavily on her vision. Beth DeRicco and Kellie Anderson served as internal reviewers. Anne McAuliffe managed the review and production process with her usual high level of organization and attention to detail. Sarah Carroll of Creative Services at Edu- cation Development Center, Inc., which operates the Higher Education Center on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education, helped develop the design and then executed the layout for this publication. We extend particular acknowledgment to Deborah Price, William Modzeleski, and Charlotte Gillespie, senior lead- ership of the U.S. Department of Education’s Offi ce of Safe and Drug-Free Schools (OSDFS), for their support of this grant program. We also thank Richard Lucey, Jr., a program specialist in OSDFS and the contracting offi cer’s representative (COR) for the Higher Education Center contract, and Kimberly Light, an OSDFS program specialist who for many years guided the model programs selection and awards process, for their leadership and steadfast support for this effort and for their many contributions to our thinking about effective campus-based prevention. OSDFS’s Paul Kesner, Vera Messina, and Ruth Tringo also provided valuable ideas about what they hoped the publication would accomplish. Finally, and most important, we are especially grateful to the project directors and key stakeholders at the institu- tions of higher education we visited for taking the time to brief us not only on what they were doing but also on how and why they were doing it. The work these campuses are undertaking is among the best in the nation, and we feel privileged to be able to tell their stories. viii | Experiences in Effective Prevention