Springer Series in Materials Science 255 Annette Bussmann-Holder Hugo Keller Antonio Bianconi Editors High-Tc Copper Oxide Superconductors and Related Novel Materials Dedicated to Prof. K. A. Müller on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday Springer Series in Materials Science Volume 255 Serieseditors RobertHull,Charlottesville,USA ChennupatiJagadish,Canberra,Australia YoshiyukiKawazoe,Sendai,Japan RichardM.Osgood,NewYork,USA JürgenParisi,Oldenburg,Germany Tae-YeonSeong,Seoul,Korea,(Republicof) Shin-ichiUchida,Tokyo,Japan ZhimingM.Wang,Chengdu,China TheSpringerSeriesinMaterialsSciencecoversthecompletespectrumofmaterials physics,includingfundamentalprinciples,physicalproperties,materialstheoryand design.Recognizingtheincreasingimportanceofmaterialsscienceinfuturedevice technologies,thebooktitlesinthisseriesreflectthestate-of-the-artinunderstand- ingandcontrollingthestructureandpropertiesofallimportantclassesofmaterials. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/856 Annette Bussmann-Holder • Hugo Keller • Antonio Bianconi Editors High-Tc Copper Oxide Superconductors and Related Novel Materials ü Dedicated to Prof. K. A. M ller on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday Editors AnnetteBussmann-Holder HugoKeller Max-Planck-InstituteforSolid Physik-Institut StateResearch Universita¨tZürichPhysik-Institut Stuttgart,Germany Zürich,Switzerland AntonioBianconi 3RICMASS Rome,Italy ISSN0933-033X ISSN2196-2812 (electronic) SpringerSeriesinMaterialsScience ISBN978-3-319-52674-4 ISBN978-3-319-52675-1 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-52675-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017936954 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword DearAlex, 10yearsago,weeditedabookentitled“HighT superconductorsandtransition c metaloxides”inhonorofyour80thbirthday.Wedidnotanticipatethattherewould be another chance to have a second edition now entitled “High T copper oxide c superconductors and related materials” on the occasion of your 90th birthday. Again we invited friends, companions, colleagues, and former students of yours tocontributetothisbookandhadaverypositiveresonancewhichisreflectedinthe newedition.Theircontributionsareunlimitedwithrespecttothelengthandformat, andwespecificallywelcomedthemtonotonlysubmitpurelyscientificpapersbut also to commemorate personal interactions with you. Accordingly this volume comprisesabroadspectrumrangingfromwonderfulmemoriestopurelyscientific contributions,reflectingpartlyyourcomplexpositivepersonalityandyouruncon- ventionalcomprehensiveapproachtoscience. Duringthelast10years,youmentionedmanytimestobothofusthatnotonly the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates was decisive for your career, but that all previous work would have been sufficient for you to quit science and commemorate a positive balance of your achievements. These have beenmultifoldandmostlyrelatedtothepioneeringworkonferroelectrics,critical phenomena and phase transitions, electron paramagnetic resonance, Jahn–Teller effect,polaronphysics,granularsuperconductivity,andmanymorerelatedtopics. The most famous work before cuprates is certainly related to SrTiO and perov- 3 skiteswhichisstillunderintensiveinvestigationandhighlycitedasgroundbreak- ing advancement in the field. For illustration purposes, the citation history of a single paper by you (SrTiO : Intrinsic Quantum Paraelectric Below 4-K; KA 3 MULLER, H. BURKARD, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 19, 3593 (1979)) on SrTiO 3 isshowninFigure1.Thepaperhasbeencited981timeswithanaveragecitation rate25.82peryear. v vi Foreword Since we have summarized these activities in the foreword of the previous volume,welookbackhereonthepasttenyearsofyourprivateandscientificlife. Your80thbirthdaywascelebratedwithyourfamilyandclosefriendsonthelake ofZuginabeautifulandpicturesqueenvironment.Inspiteofthispositivestartinto a new decade, the future developed differently due to various health problems whichforcedyoutoreduceyourtravelactivitiesincontrasttoscientificambitions. As soon as you were able to overcome these problems and recover to full health, youacceptedvarious invitationstointernational conferences fromwhich only the highlightsarementionedbelow. In particular, it is important to emphasize your travel to the APS meeting in Dallasin2011,whereaspecialsessionwasdevotedtothe100thyeardiscoveryof superconductivityandthe25thanniversaryofhigh-temperaturesuperconductivity incuprates.Yougavearemarkableandoutstandingpresentationofyourviewpoint on cuprates which is in contrast to some prominent common theoretical under- standing. You did not bother to confront those with different opinions with argu- mentsandyourowncomprehensionofthephysicsofcuprates.Thistalkwaswell acknowledgedbytheaudienceandhonoredbystandingovations. Youdecidedtowithdrawfrompresentingfurtherscientifictalksatinternational events and finalize your oral contributions by giving your last talk at the M2S conference in Geneva in 2015. This conference series was initiated by Georg BednorzandyouinInterlakenin1988andbecameafamous platforminthefield of superconductivity and magnetism. In Geneva, you emphasized once again in a very emphatic way your understanding of the physics of cuprates and the impor- tance of polaron physics especially supported by numerous isotope experiments initiated by you. Your talk was appreciated by the frenetic applause by the audience. During the last 10 years and keeping in mind your age of 80+, your scientific activity remained as active as in previous years and was inspired by innovative ideas and original experiments. While the focus was on cuprates, you also went Foreword vii backtoyourformerinterestsinferroelectrics.Altogether,youpublishedmorethan 25 papers in this period with emphasis on polaron and bipolaron formation and essentialheterogeneityincupratesandtheirrelationtoFermiglasssystems.Jahn– Teller physics, isotope effects, and coupled s+d-wave order parameters were another focus. An important achievement for the understanding of the dynamical propertiesofferroelectrics wasmadebyreinvestigatingEPR data andconcluding about the phase transition mechanism. This list is not complete but demonstrates alreadythediversevarietyofyouractivities. Both of us enjoyed and highly estimated your warm and thoughtful friendship andcarewhich helpedusenormouslyinrecovering frompersonal problems.You adoptedourdifficultiesasyoursandtriedtoresolvethosewithus.However,andin spite of your advanced age, you also celebrated with us diverse anniversaries and contributed actively and in a dedicated manner to those. Your interests are not restrictedtoourpersonsonlybutextendtoourfamiliesandtheirdevelopments. Scientifically,youwereandareapermanentandfruitfulsourceofinspirationfor novelideasandactivitieswhichiswellreflectedinourcurrentcommonprojects. DearAlex, We warmly congratulate you to the 90th birthday and wish you many more happy and healthy years where we can further enjoy your deep friendship and energeticstrongsupport. viii Foreword LeutemitMutundCharaktersinddenanderenLeutenimmersehrunheimlich. DamitdasM€oglicheentsteht,mussimmerwiederdasUnm€oglicheversuchtwerden. Peoplewithcourageandcharacterarealwaysscarytoothers. Forthepossibletoarise,theimpossiblehastobeenvoked. Stuttgart,Germany AnnetteBussmann-Holder 07.12.2016 HugoKeller Contents 1 ElectronicPhaseSeparationandElectron–PhononCoupling inCuprateSuperconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 AndreasBill,VladimirHizhnyakov,andG€otzSeibold 2 TheSearchforHigherT inHouston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 c C.W.Chu 3 FromGranularSuperconductivitytoHighTc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 GuyDeutscher 4 AlexandtheOriginofHigh-TemperatureSuperconductivity. . . . 35 TakeshiEgami 5 EncounterswithAlex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 KristianFossheim 6 TheBarocaloricEffect:ASpin-offoftheDiscovery ofHigh-TemperatureSuperconductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 AlbertFurrer 7 PersonalReflectionsonHigh-TcSuperconductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . 73 JohnB.Goodenough 8 NMRofCuprateSuperconductors:RecentDevelopments. . . . . . . 77 MichaelJurkutat,JonasKohlrautz,StevenReichardt, AndreasErb,GrantV.M.Williams,andJürgenHaase 9 TowardsanUnderstandingofHoleSuperconductivity. . . . . . . . . . 99 J.E.Hirsch 10 ShortScalePhaseSeparationofPolarons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 VictorV.Kabanov ix