prelims July15,2009 High Energy Radiation from Black Holes prelims July15,2009 PRINCETONSERIESINASTROPHYSICS Edited by David N. Spergel TheoryofRotatingStars,byJean-LouisTassoul TheoryofStellarPulsation,byJohnP.Cox GalacticDynamics,SecondEdition,byJamesBinneyandScottTremaine DynamicalEvolutionofGlobularClusters,byLymanSpitzer,Jr. SupernovaeandNucleosynthesis:AnInvestigationoftheHistoryofMatter, fromtheBigBangtothePresent,byDavidArnett UnsolvedProblemsinAstrophysics, editedbyJohnN.BahcallandJeremiahP.Ostriker GalacticAstronomy,byJamesBinneyandMichaelMerrifield ActiveGalacticNuclei:FromtheCentralBlackHoletothe GalacticEnvironment,byJulianH.Krolik PlasmaPhysicsforAstrophysics,byRussellM.Kulsrud ElectromagneticProcesses,byRobertJ.Gould ConversationsonElectricandMagneticFieldsintheCosmos, byEugeneN.Parker High-EnergyAstrophysics,byFulvioMelia StellarSpectralClassification, byRichardO.GrayandChristopherJ.Corbally HighEnergyRadiationfromBlackHoles:GammaRays,CosmicRays, andNeutrinos,byCharlesD.DermerandGovindMenon prelims July15,2009 High Energy Radiation from Black Holes Gamma Rays, Cosmic Rays, and Neutrinos Charles D. Dermer Govind Menon PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD prelims July15,2009 Copyright2009(cid:1)c byPrincetonUniversityPress PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,Princeton,NewJersey08540 IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,6OxfordStreet,Woodstock, OxfordshireOX201TW AllRightsReserved ISBN:978-0-691-13795-7 ISBN(pbk.):978-0-691-14408-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009928093 BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable ThisbookhasbeencomposedinTimes Printedonacid-freepaper∞ press.princeton.edu TypesetbySRNovaPvtLtd,Bangalore,India PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10987654321 prelims July15,2009 ToBeaandPriya This page intentionally left blank prelims July15,2009 “Theblackholesofnaturearethemostperfectmacroscopicobjects there are in the universe: the only elements in their construction are our concepts of space and time. And since the general theory of relativity provides only a single unique family of solutions for their descriptions,theyarethesimplestobjectsaswell.” SubrahmanyanChandrasekhar,TheMathematicalTheoryof BlackHoles “Anyonewhofightswithmonstersshouldtakecarethathedoesnot in the process become a monster. And if you gaze for long into the abyss,theabyssgazesbackintoyou.” FriedrichNietzsche,Aphorism146,BeyondGoodandEvil (tr.M.Faber) “angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection tothestarrydynamointhemachineryofnight,” AllenGinsberg,Howl prelims July15,2009 This page intentionally left blank