Henry Kissinger This page intentionally left blank HENRY KISSINGER Perceptions of International Politics HARVEY STARR THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Copyright © 1984 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine College, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Club, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. Editorial and Sales Offices: Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0024 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Starr, Harvey. Henry Kissinger: perceptions of international politics. Inc! udes index. l. Kissinger, Henry, 1923- 2. United States- Foreign Relations-1945- 3. World politics- 1945- I. Title. E840.8.K58S73 1983 327.73 83-16747 ISBN: 978-0-8131-5463-3 To JOHN V. GILLESPIE in recognition of his support for this project This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix List of Tables Xl Acknowledgments xiii Part I. Henry Kissinger: Biographical and Psychological Study 1. The Study of Henry Kissinger: Why and How 3 2. A Biographical and Psychohistorical Overview 16 3. Kissinger's Operational Code 44 Part II. Images of the Soviet Union and China: A Content-Analytic Study 75 4. Introduction: Operational Code and Content Analysis 77 5. Research Design 82 6. Perceptions of the Soviet Union: Kissinger and Dulles 94 7. Perceptions of the Soviet Union and China 107 8. The Superpower Triad: Perceptions and Behavior 123 9. The Context of Perceptions and Behavior 143 10. A World Perceived: Conclusions 158 Appendix: The Use of Content Analysis 163 Notes 174 Index 201 This page intentionally left blank Illustrations 1. The use of content analysis to compare the content of communications 85 2. Dulles's perceptions of the Soviet Union 103 3. Kissinger's perceptions of the Soviet Union 105 4. Trends in general evaluation scores for the Soviet Union and China 112 5. Trends in hostility scores for the Soviet Union and China 113 6. Trends in Kissinger's perceptions of China, 1971-1976 119 7. Hypotheses of expected relationships between perceptions and behavior 132 8. Cold war and detente: Goldmann's analysis of tension fluctuations 149