Renewing Philosophy General Editor: Gary Banham Titles include: Lou Agosta EMPATHY IN THE CONTEXT OF PHILOSOPHY Karin de Boer ON HEGEL The Sway of the Negative Kyriaki Goudeli CHALLENGES TO GERMAN IDEALISM Schelling, Fichte and Kant Pini Ifergan HEGEL’S DISCOVERY OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF SPIRIT Autonomy, Alienation, and the Ethical Life: The Jena Lectures 1802–1806 Keekok Lee PHILOSOPHY AND REVOLUTIONS IN GENETICS Deep Science and Deep Technology Beth Lord KANT AND SPINOZISM Transcendental Idealism and Immanence from Jacobi to Deleuze Vincent W. Lloyd LAW AND TRANSCENDENCE On the Unfinished Project of Gillian Rose Jill Marsden AFTER NIETZSCHE Jean-Paul Martinon ON FUTURITY Malabou, Nancy and Derrida Simon O’Sullivan ART ENCOUNTERS DELEUZE AND GUATTARI Thought Beyond Representation Peg Rawes SPACE, GEOMETRY AND AESTHETICS Through Kant and Towards Deleuze Celine Surprenant FREUD’S MASS PSYCHOLOGY Alberto Toscano THE THEATRE OF PRODUCTION Philosophy and Individuation Between Kant and Deleuze Vasiliki Tsakiri KIERKEGAARD Anxiety, Repetition and Contemporaneity Philip Walsh SKEPTICISM, MODERNITY AND CRITICAL THEORY Martin Weatherston HEIDEGGER’S INTERPRETATION OF KANT Categories, Imagination and Temporality Forthcoming titles: Diane Morgan KANT, COSMOPOLITICS AND GLOBALITY Renewing Philosophy Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–333–91928–6 (hardback) 978–0–230–20086–9 (paperback) ( outside North America only ) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and one of the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Hegel’s Discovery of the Philosophy of Spirit Autonomy, Alienation, and the Ethical Life: The Jena Lectures 1802–1806 Pini Ifergan Bar Ilan University , Israel Translated by Nessa Olshansky-Ashtar © Pini Ifergan 2014 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–1–137–30212–0 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 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This book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Werner Becker This page Intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations x Introduction 1 1 What Motivated Hegel’s Philosophical Project? 14 1 Introduction 14 2 Hölderlin and Hegel: on the break with Kant and critique of the concept of reflection 1 9 2 .1 Schiller as a precursor to Hölderlin 21 2 .2 Hölderlin’s “Fragment of Hyperion” 25 2 .3 Fichte and Hölderlin 2 7 2 .4 Hölderlin’s “On Judgment and Being” 31 2 .5 Hölderlin’s Hyperion 3 6 2 .6 Hölderlin’s “Death of Empedocles” 4 3 2.7 H ölderlin, Hegel, and tragedy 4 4 3 Hegel’s critique of reflective philosophy in Faith and Knowledge 4 8 4 Critique of Kant in F aith and Knowledge 5 4 5 Critique of Fichte in Faith and Knowledge and in The Difference between Fichte’s and Schelling’s System of Philosophy 56 2 The First Systematic Attempt to Conceptualize the Critique of Culture 62 1 Introduction 62 2 Natural ethics: The System of Ethical Life (SEL) 6 8 3 T he first, negative, sublation in SEL 8 4 4 The second, positive, sublation in SEL 9 1 5 Essay on Natural Law (NL): critique of method 9 8 3 Jena Lectures 1803/1804 116 1 Introduction 116 2 Hegel’s embrace of the notion of Spirit as self-consciousness 118 3 The 1803/1804 “Philosophy of Spirit” lectures 1 31 4 T hree readings of First Philosophy of Spirit 1 52 vii viii Contents 4 Jena Lectures 1805/1806 157 1 I ntroduction: the rationale for the second series of “Philosophy of Spirit” lectures 1 57 2 Intelligence and will 1 60 3 Will 169 4 Objective Spirit 186 5 C onstitution and absolute Spirit 1 97 6 Concluding remarks 218 Notes 227 References 246 Index 251 Acknowledgments This book is the fruit of several years of intensive study of both the Hegelian corpus and the vast interpretive literature, research that was enriched by discussions with teachers and colleagues who often shifted my arguments in unexpected directions. I would like to thank them for their input. First and foremost, I am grateful to my teacher Professor Yirmiyahu Yovel, who guided me through the labyrinthine paths of Hegel’s philos- ophy. Our many and very pleasurable discussions remain a source of ongoing inspiration to me. The late Professor Werner Becker demon- strated amazing willingness to help me work through the critical doubts to which I was sometimes ready to surrender. His insight and perspi- cacity contributed enormously to the arguments developed in this book. I would also like to thank Professor Axel Honneth for edifying conver- sations as well as for the inspiring example set by his own writings on Hegel. To my colleagues Ido Geiger, Dror Yinon, Assaf Sagiv, and Yakir Levin, who either responded attentively as I voiced and rehashed my quan- daries about Hegel’s arguments, or patiently read and commented on sections of the book – comments that were effective in honing my argu- ments – I am truly grateful for this help and support. I would like to thank Nessa Olshansky-Ashtar, who translated the manuscript from Hebrew, for her deft formulations, her dedication to this project, and her persistence in seeking to clarify the sometimes ambiguous or convoluted locutions and arguments in the original. This book was published with the support of the Israel Science Foundation (grant 52/13). ix