HEBREW IN ITS WEST SEMITIC SETTING STUDIES IN SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS EDITED BY J. H. HOSPERS Professor of Semitic Languages and Literature and Archeology of the Near East in the University of Groningen XIII A. MURTONEN HEBREW IN ITS WEST SEMITIC SETTING Part One, Section A LEI DEN E. J. BRILL 1986 HEBREW IN ITS WEST SEMITIC SETTING A COMPARATIVE SURVEY OF NON-MASORETIC HEBREW DIALECTS AND TRADITIONS BY A. MURTONEN PART ONE A COMPARATIVE LEXICON Section A PROPER NAMES LEI DEN E. 1. BRILL 1986 ISBN 90 04 07245 4 Copyright 1986 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission from the publisher CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII General introduction ..................................... XI Provisional list of abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. XVII Bibliography to Section A ................................ XXVII Transliteration key ....................................... XXXI Introduction to section A: Sectional synopsis and comments on the name list ......................................... . a) Introductory remarks ............................... . b) Determination of vowel phonemes and other distinctive features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 c) Reduction of secondary sources to the original level ..... 20 d) Statistical synopsis .................................. 52 e) Comments on single entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 The list of Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205 FOREWORD With the present volume, the final results of my-so far-33-year-old study of non-Masoretic Hebrew dialects and traditions begin to be published. The adjective "final" is only used in a relative sense, further qualified by "my", and even this qualification has deeper significance than usual, as I am only too well aware of the shortcomings of my work, despite its lengthy duration, particularly with regard to using and assimilating the work of other scholars in the field. It is true that, due to limitations of time and space, many contributions had to be omitted or mentioned only summarily en bloc with other similar ones, usually anonymously-particularly if they had been mentioned in standard works or other well-known publications previously-; but I have no doubt that I have inadvertently or due to the relevant publications having remained inaccessible to me missed many important contributions altogether. Nevertheless, as the present work is the first to deal with all the non-Masoretic dialects and traditions comprehensively, and I believe that I have not missed any piece of first-hand material which would structurally or in any important detail alter my results, I believe that the work will be of some benefit to colleagues and thus worth publishing. The methodology and contents of the planned series being surveyed in the Introduction, what remains here is to acknowledge scholarly and other professional help as well as financial assistance received from various indi viduals, learned societies and governmental and other bodies and foundations in the course of the study; some of this has been detailed in the forewords to Materials and other preparatory publications, but as these were largely defective even at the time of their publication, I am here trying to make amends for the sins of omission by compiling what I hope is a complete list up to date. Among the teachers, colleagues and friends whose help and advice I have enjoyed, many of whom-alas !-my expression of gratitude does not reach in corpore any more, Paul Kahle must be mentioned first; it is therefore to his memory that the work is dedicated. Of my teachers at the University of Helsinki, A. Lauha, A. Saarisalo and A. Salonen have been more or less directly connected with this work; of my own and slightly younger genera tion, J. Aro, E. Salonen and I. Soisalon-Soininen; of those younger still, T. Harviainen. Of former and present colleagues and friends at the University of Melbourne, my thanks are due to J. Bowman, J. Fraser, D. Hallam, C. Hope, A. K. Kazi, N. Mirza, T. Muraoka and J. Thompson of Middle Eastern Studies, G. Clarke of Classical Studies. and E. Williams of Statistics; of former students to Leanne Brown and T. Falla for direct and many VIII FOREWORD others for indirect assistance. Of those in Israel, mention must be made of N. Allony, Z. Ben-Hayyim, H. Blanc, J. Blau, Irene Garbel, G. Goldenberg, M. H. Goshen-Gottstein, L. Kopf, E. Y. Kutscher, A. Mirsky, S. Morag, G.Ormann, C. Rabin, A. Rosen, S. Talmon, N. H. Tur-Sinai, I. Yeivin and M. Zulay; elsewhere in the Middle East, L. Harding, J. T. Milik and R. de Vaux (formerly) of East Jerusalem, Bekhatrob Elshafei and Murad Kamil of Cairo/Alexandria, P. Costa (formerly) and Motahhar Ali al-Eryani of San'a, Adhana Mengsteab, Amsalu Aklilu, S. Chojnacki, Fecadu Gadamu, Getatchew Haile, Hailu Fullass, and R. Pankhurst (formerly) of Addis Ababa as well as my informants in Holon, Nablus, the Republic of Yemen, the United Arab Emirates, Addis Ababa and the Gurage province of Ethiopia of whom Mulugeta Habte and Tesfa Seyum must be mentioned by name here too, as they also assisted in organizing and preparing the material. Elsewhere in the world: A. Haldar, H. S. Nyberg and G. Widengren of Uppsala, G. Fant of Stockholm, H. Odeberg of Lund, K. G. Prasse of Copenhagen, R. Macuch and (formerly) L. Rost of Berlin, R. Meyer of Jena, E. Coseriu, K. Elliger, K. Galling and W. R6llig of Tubingen, H. Jungraithmayr, W. W. Muller and O. Rossler of Marburg, W. von Soden of Munster, W. Fischer and O. Jastrow of Erlangen, H. Hirsch and H. Mukarovsky of Vienna, Maria Horner of Graz, K. Petnicek of Prague, W. Vycichl of Geneva, Giovanni Card. Mercati of Vatican, G. Garbini, F. Israel, S. Moscati and G. Pettinato of Rome, D. and M. Cohen of Paris, G. Weil of Nancy, A. Diez Macho of Barcelona, J. Hoftijzer of Leiden, B. Andrzejewski, D. Appleyard, J. Carnochan, A. K. Irvine, T. Johnstone and E. Ullendorff of London, J. Barr, A. F. L. Beeston, G. R. Driver and A. Lehmann of Oxford, J. L. Teicher of Cambridge,. G. R. Smith of Durham, E. Robertson and H. H. Rowley of Manchester, L. Marwick of Washington, W. F. Albright of Baltimore, L. Finkelstein, H. L. Ginsberg, A. Jeffery, S. Lieberman and H. Orlinsky of New York, H. Fleming and St. Lieberman of Boston, M. Tsevat of Cincinnati, S. Levin of St. Louis, K. Baer, I. J. Gelb, G. Gragg, D. Pardee and Erika Reiner of Chicago, A. Kaye of Colorado, A. Bloch of Berkeley, R. Hetzron of Santa Barbara, W. Leslau and S. Segert of Los Angeles, and B. Jernudd of Hawaii. The following institutions have provided me with valuable scholarly and material assistance: University libraries in Helsinki, Uppsala, Jerusalem, Tubingen, Marburg, Cambridge, St. Louis, Los Angeles (UCLA); the British Library and British Museum as well as the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London; the Bodleian Library and Ashmolean Institute, Oxford; the Sassoon Library, Letchworth, Hunts; John Rylands Librar:y, Manchester; Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris; Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan; the Pontifical Library, Vatican; the Schocken Library, Jerusalem; Institut fUr Afrikanistik, Philipp-Universitiit, Marburg; the State FOREWORD IX Public Library, Leningrad; the Congress Library, Washington; the libraries of Columbia University and of the Jewish Theological Seminary, New York; Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati/New York; the Oriental Institute, Uni versity of Chicago; the National Library, Canberra; the Fisher Library, University of Sydney; the State Library and Ormond College Library, Melbourne; and of course not least the Baillieu Library, University of Melbourne, although some recent regulations have made it progressively more difficult to use for long-term research; fortunately, our departmental library compensates for that to some extent. Financial assistance~indirect inc\uded~has been granted me by govern mental agencies in Finland, Israel, the United States of America, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi; the British Council; the Finnish Cultural Foudation; the foundations of Emil Aaltonen, of Helmi and Heikki Honkanen, and of Leo and Regina Wainstein; the Finnish Oriental Society; the Union of the Societies of Peace (in Finland); the Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation; the Australian Humanities Research Council; the Arts Faculty Research Development Fund as well as departmental research funds, University of Melbourne. Finally, I want to thank Professor Hospers and Firma E. J. Brill for accepting this volume in the series of Studies in Semitic languages and linguistics and efficiently carrying out the work despite some unexpected problems caused by a new typesetting method. Incidentally, vol. II has also been completed and is with the publisher; and about one quarter of vol. III wri tten so far. Melbourne, 10 July 1985 A. MURTONEN