HANNIBAL’S DYNASTY HANNIBAL’S DYNASTY Power and politics in the western Mediterranean, 247–183 BC Dexter Hoyos First published 2003 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane,London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada 29 West 35th Street,New York,NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 2003 Dexter Hoyos All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library ofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-41782-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-41929-4 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0–415–29911–X (Print Edition) CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Plates between pages viii and 1 Introduction 1 I The heights of Heircte and Eryx 7 II Carthage 21 III The revolt of Africa 34 IV Barca supreme 47 V Hamilcar in Spain 55 VI Hasdrubal’s consolidation 73 VII Hannibal in Spain 87 VIII The invasion of Italy 98 IX Three great victories 114 X Hannibal’s Italian league 122 XI Indecisive war 134 XII The defeat of Hasdrubal 141 v CONTENTS XIII Africa invaded 152 XIV Defeat 164 XV Postwar eclipse 179 XVI Hannibal sufete 190 XVII The end of the Barcids 203 XVIII Sources 212 Appendix:special notes 223 Time-line 233 Notes to the text 237 Bibliography 285 Index 296 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is a pleasant task to acknowledge the people and institutions who have helped to make this work possible.My earliest debt is to Richard Stoneman, who expressed interest in the theme of Hannibal’s dynasty even before I began writing;and his support since the book was completed has been just as valued. The rest of his team at Routledge, and Frances Brown and Carole Drummond at The Running Head Ltd, have been consistently helpful and informative on every aspect of publication. I should like to express my appreciation to the scholars, publishers and archivists who made available several of the illustrations for this book. In alphabetical order they are Archivi Alinari and Archivio Brogi of Florence, Italy;CNRS Editions,Paris,and Prof.M.H.Fantar;and Dr Matthias Steinart of the Archäologisches Institut at the University of Freiburg,Germany. I am grateful too to Sydney University for its continuing commitment to Greek and Roman studies, a rather endangered species in Australia, and its aids to research through grants of study leave and travel funds. Invaluable again have been the interest,courtesy and expertise of the University Library staff at every level,for without these my research task would have been hard indeed. As always,it has been my wife Jann and our daughter Camilla who made it both possible and worthwhile. Hamilcar, Hasdrubal, and Hannibal and his brothers have not been the centre of their attention,but if Barcid family life was at all similar they were fortunate men. Dexter Hoyos vii 1 Hannibal—bust found at Naples in 1667:identification not certain (reproduction courtesy of Archivi Alinari,Firenze)