Handbook of Research on Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Advanced Materials Mohamed Bououdina University of Bahrain, Bahrain J. Paulo Davim University of Aveiro, Portugal A volume in the Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering (ACME) Book Series Managing Director: Lindsay Johnston Production Editor: Jennifer Yoder Development Editor: Allison McGinniss Acquisitions Editor: Kayla Wolfe Typesetter: Michael Brehm Cover Design: Jason Mull Published in the United States of America by Engineering Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2014 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of research on nanoscience, nanotechnology, and advanced materials / Mohamed Bououdina and J. Paulo Davim, editors. pages cm Summary: “This book presents a detailed analysis of current experimental and theoretical approaches surrounding nanoma- terials science and applications in fields such as biomedicine, renewable energy, and synthetic materials”-- Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4666-5824-0 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-4666-5825-7 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-4666-5827-1 (print & perpetual access) 1. Nanotechnology. 2. Nanostructured materials. I. Bououdina, Mohamed, 1965- editor of compilation. II. Davim, J. Paulo, editor of compilation. T174.7.H367 2014 620’.5--dc23 2013051201 This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering (ACME) (ISSN: 2327-5448; eISSN: 2327-5456) British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. For electronic access to this publication, please contact: [email protected]. Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering (ACME) Book Series J. Paulo Davim University of Aveiro, Portugal ISSN: 2327-5448 EISSN: 2327-5456 Mission The cross disciplinary approach of chemical and materials engineering is rapidly growing as it applies to the study of educational, scientific and industrial research activities by solving complex chemical problems using computational techniques and statistical methods. The Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering (ACME) Book Series provides research on the recent advances throughout computational and statistical methods of analysis and modeling. This series brings together collaboration between chemists, engineers, statisticians, and computer scientists and offers a wealth of knowledge and useful tools to academics, practitioners, and professionals through high quality publications. Coverage IGI Global is currently accepting manuscripts • Applications of Chemoinformatics for publication within this series. To submit a pro- • Biochemical Food and Medical Engineering posal for a volume in this series, please contact our • Chemical Engineering Acquisition Editors at [email protected] • Computational Drug Design or visit: http://www.igi-global.com/publish/. • High Performance Computer and Chemoinformatics • Industrial Chemistry • Knowledge Representation • Materials Engineering • Particle Technology • Process Systems Engineering The Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering (ACME) Book Series (ISSN 2327-5448) is published by IGI Global, 701 E. Choco- late Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033-1240, USA, www.igi-global.com. This series is composed of titles available for purchase individually; each title is edited to be contextually exclusive from any other title within the series. For pricing and ordering information please visit http://www. igi-global.com/book-series/advances-chemical-materials-engineering/73687. Postmaster: Send all address changes to above address. Copyright © 2014 IGI Global. All rights, including translation in other languages reserved by the publisher. No part of this series may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – graphics, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems – without written permission from the publisher, except for non commercial, educational use, including classroom teaching purposes. The views expressed in this series are those of the authors, but not necessarily of IGI Global. Titles in this Series For a list of additional titles in this series, please visit: www.igi-global.com Handbook of Research on Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Advanced Materials Mohamed Bououdina (University of Bahrain, Bahrain) and J. Paulo Davim (University of Aveiro, Portugal) Engineering Science Reference • copyright 2014 • 375pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466658240) • US $295.00 (our price) Quantum and Optical Dynamics of Matter for Nanotechnology Mihai V. Putz (West University of Timisoara, Romania) Engineering Science Reference • copyright 2014 • 527pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466646872) • US $180.00 (our price) Advanced Solar Cell Materials, Technology, Modeling, and Simulation Laurentiu Fara (Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Romania) and Masafumi Yamaguchi (Toyota Technological Institute, Japan) Engineering Science Reference • copyright 2013 • 354pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466619272) • US $195.00 (our price) Computational Gas-Solids Flows and Reacting Systems Theory, Methods and Practice Sreekanth Pannala (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA) Madhava Syamlal (National Energy Technology Labo- ratory, USA) and Thomas J. O’Brien (National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA) Engineering Science Reference • copyright 2011 • 500pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781615206513) • US $180.00 (our price) 701 E. Chocolate Ave., Hershey, PA 17033 Order online at www.igi-global.com or call 717-533-8845 x100 To place a standing order for titles released in this series, contact: [email protected] Mon-Fri 8:00 am - 5:00 pm (est) or fax 24 hours a day 717-533-8661 Editorial Advisory Board J. L. Bobet, Universite de Boredaux I, France R. Boukhanouf, Université Lille 1, France D. Fruchart, Institut Neel, France Z. X. Guo, University College of London, UK M. Ishaque Khan, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA Nouar Tabet, Qatar Energy and Environment Research Institute, Qatar G. Walker, University of Nottingham, UK Yokoyama, Kent State University, USA List of Reviewers Esam H. Abdul-Hafidh, Yanbu University College, Saudi Arabia H. A. Adnane, Yanbu University College, Saudi Arabia Feroz Ahmad Mir, University of Kashmir, India Iftikhar Ahmed, University of Malakand, Pakistan Rashid Ahmed, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Cheknane Ali, Université Amar Telidji de Laghouat, Algeria Luc Aymard, University of Picardie Jules Verne, France Rachid Belkada, Centre de Recherche en Technologie des Semi-Conducteurs Pour l’Energitique, Algeria Yaakov (Kobi) Benenson, ETH Zürich, Switzerland Samir Boulfrad, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Saudi Arabia Costas Charitidies, University of Athens, Greece Ingram Conrad, University of West Indies, USA Eithiraj Rajagopal Dashinamoorthy, Donostia International Physics Centre, Spain E. Deligoz, Aksaray University, Turkey Thierry Djenizian, Aix-Marseille Université Equipe Chimie-Physique, France Ayub Elahi, University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan Mohamed Fathi, Centre de Recherche en Technologie des Semi-Conducteurs Pour l’Energitique, Algeria Khaldi Fouad, Université de Batna, Algeria Mark Franken, University of Bath, UK Qiang Fu, University of Connecticut, USA Mounir Gaidi, Research and Technology Centre of Energy, Tunisia Rukan Genc, Mersin University, Turkey Sevdalin Georgiev, Sofia University, Bulgaria Gopukumar, Central Electro-Chemical Research Institute, India Wolfgang Hess, Freiburg University, Germany Tajammul Hussain, National Centre of Physics, Pakistan Ishrat Khan, University of Florida, USA S. S. Islam, Central University, India Tariq-ul Islam, Central University, India Yassin A. Jeilani, Spelman College, USA Dinesh Jesrotia, GGM Science College Jammu, India Anup Kale, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore Amal Kasry, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Austria G. Davon Kennedy, Georgia State University, USA R. V. Krishnarao, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, India Huayang Li, Clark Atlanta University, USA Jing Li, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, USA K. Maaz, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Shazim Memon, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Hong Kong Abdelkrim Merad, International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy Rahul Mitra, Indian Institute of Technology, India Abdul Khader Mohammad, Pharmaceutics International Inc. (PII), USA Sylvie Morin, York University, Canada Maqbool Muhammad, Ball State University, USA Gautam Mukherjee, Burdwan University, India M. Nedil, Université du Québec, Canada Kemal Ozdogan, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey Liaqat Qureshi, University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan Michael Rajamathi, St. Joseph’s College, India S. Rath, University of Delhi, India James L. Reed, Northwestern University, USA El Hadi Sadki, United Arab Emirates University, UAE Patrik Schmuki, University of Erlangen – Nuremberg, Germany Muhammad Shahid, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia Dimtri Shtansky, National University of Science and Technology, Russia Andrey L. Stepanov, Kazan State Technological University, Russia N. Tabet, King Fahd King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia Bashir Tahir, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Muhammet Toprak, KTH Institute, Sweden Jay Wadhawan, University of Hull, UK Lon J. Wilson, Rice University, USA Xing-Hua Xia, Nanjing University, China Y. Yagoub, University of Ottawa, Canada M. Zaabat, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria Zulkarnain Zainal, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Hadi Zareie, Gediz Üniversitesi, Turkey List of Contributors Aïssa, Brahim / MPB Technologies Inc., Canada .........................................................................1,108 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch001::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch001::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch005::2 Ali, Zahid / Sungkyunkwan University, Korea ..................................................................................376 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::2 Al-Nashef, InasMuen / King Saud University, Saudi Arabia ...........................................................376 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::6 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::6 Barbhuiya, Salim / Curtin University of Technology, Australia .......................................................164 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch008::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch008::1 Bayir, Ece / Ege University, Turkey ...................................................................................................447 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch018::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch018::1 Benouaz, Tayeb / Tlemcen University, Algeria .................................................................................492 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch019::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch019::2 Bilgi, Eyup / Ege University, Turkey .................................................................................................447 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch018::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch018::2 Boukherroub, Rabah / Université Lille 1, France ...................................................................176,196 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch009::3 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch009::3 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::7 Boumaza, Nawel / Tlemcen University, Algeria ................................................................................492 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch019::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch019::1 Bououdina, Mohamed / University of Bahrain, Bahrain .................................................................312 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch013::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch013::2 Brimmo, Ayoola / Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, UAE .............................................268 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch012::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch012::1 Das, Manash R. / CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India ..................196 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::3 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::3 Deshmukh, Ashvini B. / CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, India .............................................196 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::4 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::4 Emziane, Mahieddine / Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, UAE ............................226,268 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch011::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch011::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch012::2 Fruchart, D. / CNRS de Grenoble, France ........................................................................................312 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch013::4 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch013::4 Goumri-Said, Souraya / King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia ..................................................................................................................................431,492 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch017::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch017::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch019::3 Guo, Z. X. / University College London, UK ....................................................................................312 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch013::3 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch013::3 Harruna, Issifu / Clark Atlanta University, USA ................................................................................26 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch002::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch002::2 Hussain, Najrul / CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India ..................196 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::2 Hussain, Rafaqat / Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia ..........................................................376 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::7 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::7 Kamaja, Chaitanya Krishna / National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR), India ................................176 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch009::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch009::1 Kang, DaeJoon / Sungkyunkwan University, Korea .........................................................................376 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::8 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::8 Kanoun, Mohammed Benali / King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia ................................................................................................................................431 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch017::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch017::1 Khayyat, Maha Mohamed / Umm al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia .........................................1,108 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch001::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch001::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch005::1 Li, Huayang / Clark Atlanta University, USA .....................................................................................26 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch002::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch002::1 Li, Mingguang / Wayne State University, USA .................................................................................146 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch007::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch007::1 Melnyczuk, John M. / Clark Atlanta University, USA .......................................................................89 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch004::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch004::1 Nafady, Ayman / King Saud University, Saudi Arabia .....................................................................376 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::4 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::4 Palchoudhury, Soubantika / Yale University, USA ............................................................................89 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch004::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch004::2 Penchovsky, Robert / Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria .......................................414 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch016::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch016::1 Rajaperumal, M. / National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR), India ...................................................176 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch009::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch009::2 Rana, Usman Ali / King Saud University, Saudi Arabia ..................................................................376 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::3 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::3 Roy, Manish / Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, India ....................................................62 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch003::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch003::1 Sarfraz, Mansoor / King Saud University, Saudi Arabia .................................................................376 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::5 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::5 Shah, K. A. / Govt. Degree College for Women, Anantnag, India ....................................................131 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch006::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch006::1 Shah, M. A. / National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India .......................................................131 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch006::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch006::2 Shakir, Imran / Sungkyunkwan University, Korea & King Saud University, Saudi Arabia .............376 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch015::1 Sharma, Ponchami / CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India .............196 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::1 Shelke, Manjusha V. / National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR), India ......................................176,196 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch009::4 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch009::4 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::5 Souier, Tewfik / Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, UAE .................................................343 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch014::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch014::1 Szunerits, Sabine / Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Université Lille 1, France ...................196 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::6 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch010::6 Urkmez, Aylin Sendemir / Ege University, Turkey ..........................................................................447 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch018::3 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch018::3 Walker, G. / University of Nottingham, UK ......................................................................................312 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch013::1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch013::1 Yoosuf, Rahana / Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, UAE ..............................................226 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch011::2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch011::2 Table of Contents Preface..................................................................................................................................................xx 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.chpre Chapter 1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch001 Self-Healing.Materials.Systems.as.a.Way.for.Damage.Mitigation.in.Composites.Structures. Caused.by.Orbital.Space.Debris..............................................................................................................1 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch001 Brahim Aïssa, MPB Technologies Inc., Canada 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch001::1 Maha Mohamed Khayyat, Umm al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch001::2 Chapter 2 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch002 Functionalization.of.Carbon.Nanocomposites.with.Ruthenium.Bipyridine.and.Terpyridine. Complex.................................................................................................................................................26 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch002 Huayang Li, Clark Atlanta University, USA 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch002::1 Issifu Harruna, Clark Atlanta University, USA 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch002::2 Chapter 3 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch003 Nano.Indentation.Response.of.Various.Thin.Films.Used.for.Tribological.Applications......................62 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch003 Manish Roy, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, India 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch003::1 Chapter 4 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch004 Synthesis.and.Characterization.of.Iron.Oxide.Nanoparticles................................................................89 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch004 John M. Melnyczuk, Clark Atlanta University, USA 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch004::1 Soubantika Palchoudhury, Yale University, USA 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch004::2 Chapter 5 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch005 Si-NWs:.Major.Advances.in.Synthesis.and.Applications...................................................................108 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch005 Maha Mohamed Khayyat, Umm al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch005::1 Brahim Aïssa, MPB Technologies Inc., Canada 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch005::2 Chapter 6 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch006 Principles.of.Raman.Scattering.in.Carbon.Nanotubes.........................................................................131 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch006 K. A. Shah, Govt. Degree College for Women, Anantnag, India 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch006::1 M. A. Shah, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch006::2 Chapter 7 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch007 Pharmacokinetics.of.Polymeric.Nanoparticles.at.Whole.Body,.Organ,.Cell,.and.Molecule.. Levels...................................................................................................................................................146 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch007 Mingguang Li, Wayne State University, USA 10.4018/978-1-4666-5824-0.ch007::1