Handbook of IInnssttrruummeennttss iinn DDeennttiissttrryy ii Instruments in Dentistry Contributors Purushottam Singh Chauhan BDS Sharad Pawar Dental College Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Wardha, Maharashtra [email protected] Naveed Khan BDS Sharad Pawar Dental College Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Wardha, Maharashtra [email protected] Amol Ramchandra Gadbail BDS, MDS, PhD (Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology) Assistant Professor Department of Dental Surgery Indira Gandhi Government Medical College Nagpur, Maharashtra [email protected] Handbook of IInnssttrruummeennttss iinn DDeennttiissttrryy Purushottam Singh Chauhan BDS Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital Wardha, Maharashtra CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd New Delhi•Bengaluru• Chennai •Kochi •Kolkata •Mumbai Bhubaneswar • Hyderabad • Jharkhand • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Uttarakhand Disclaimer Scieannctdee chnaorlceoo gnys tcahnatn lgfyii neNgledwrs e.s eaanredcx hp erbireonatcdhesee cn o opfe infonannakdtn ioownl Tehdaegu et.hh oarvtser itehdebieirsn gt i v iinnfgoramvaatiitlootanh b elwmeh ile preptarhmiean tgef rotirha bilos o Akl.thoauleglfh f,ho arvbtees em na dteoe nsouprtei amcucmu orfta hcey mateyreiitiat qls u, i ptoes ssiobmelere r moirgshh atvb ee elneu fntc orrTehpceut beldit.sh phere iran,nt de r the authors will not be held responsible for any inadvertent errors, omissions or inaccuracies. eISBN: 978-93-881-7805-1 Copy©r iAguhtthaonPrdus b lisher FiresBto Eodki t2i0o1n8: Alrli grhetsse Nrovp eadro.tft heiBso moaky b er eproodrut creadn simnia tnftyoe rdom rb ya ny meanesl,e ctorrmo encihca niinccallup,dh iontgo corpeycionrogdr,ai nnigyn, f ormsattoiraoanngd e retrsiyesvtwaeilmt hpoeurtm iisnws riiotnfi,rn otgmha, eu thaontrdhs pe u blisher. PublibsySh aetKdiu smhJa arai nnpd r odbuycV eadrJ uanfi onr CBSP ubli&s Dhiesrtsr iPbvuLttt.od r.s CorpoOrffiacte2e:0 F 4I IEn,d uAsrterPaia,at lp aNregwDa enljh,i -110092 Ph+:9 1-11-4F9a3+x49:41 9-3141;- 4W9e3b4s4wi9wt3we5.:;c bspwdw.wc.oemd;u port-global.com; E-maeirle:s [email protected]@me;d uport-global.com HeaOdffi cCeB:S P LAZ4A8,1 9P/rXaIhS ltar2de4 Ae nts,Ra oraiDd a,r yaNgeawDn ejl,Ih0 i0-0II2n ,d ia. Ph+:9 l1l--23282932256962,83 6216,6 F8a6x07:1; 1 -232W4e3b0s1wi4wt;we .:c bspd.com; E-mapiulb:l [email protected];a [email protected]. Branches BengaSleuerHmuoa:u 2s9e7 1517h,C roKs.sRR,.o aBda,n asa2nndS ktaarBgiee n,g a-5l6u0r0u7 0, KarnaPth+a:9k 1a- 80-26F7a7x+19:61 7-88/07-92;E6 -7m7ab1ia6ln8:g0 a;l [email protected] ChenNnoa.iS7:u, b baSrtarSyehaee tnN oaygC ahre n-n6a0i0 0T3a0mN,ia ld u Ph+:9l -44-26266860861E22-06m,6ac ;ih le:n [email protected] Koc3h6i/:K1 a4l luvLiilsaHskoiasemp R,io taaKdlo, c -h6i8 20K1e8r,a la Ph+:9 1-484-4F0a5+x99:01 6-14-8645-;E4 -0m5ak9io0lc6:h5 i;@ cbspd.com Mumba8i3:-I C fl,so toD rr.E, .M osReosa Wdor,l Miu,m b-a4i0 00M1a8h,a rashtra Ph+:9 12--2249-0124F;3a 4+x09:1 -22-2E4-9m0am2iu3lm4:b2 a;i @cbspd.com KolkNaot6.a/ :GB r,o uFnldoR oarm,e sSwhaaRrwo aKdo,l k-7a0t0a0 14 Ph+:9 1-33-2-2288E;9- 1m1ak2io6ll :k [email protected] Representatives Hyderabad Pune Nagpur Manipal Vijayawada Patna Foreword Instrumentation is an important aspect of surgical and dental clinical practice. The instruments have evolved over the period of time in terms of metallurgy, design and cost effectiveness. Many types of instruments are commercially available but it is a big dilemma for the clinician to decide as to which is the best. To optimise the clinical results, choice of proper instruments and its proper and effective utilization is of immense importance. This aspect is badly neglected in the curricula and no structured training is offered. The clinician develops the skill of instrumentation by self-perception or by imitation. The choice of instrument also varies from clinician to clinician as it depends upon the skill and convenience of the individual clinician. A dedicated book on instruments, encompassing the description, indications and guidelines for their proper use, is the need of the hour. It will be of great help to the budding clinicians and provide them adequate guidance for effective and optimum utilization of the instruments facilitating proper execution of skill and enhancing their clinical results. The initiative by my esteemed student, Dr Purushottam Singh Chauhan, in efficiently touching the neglected aspect of instru- mentation by bringing out Handbook of Instruments in Dentistry, is indeed very thoughtful, relevant and laudable venture. I am sure it will be of immense help to dental professionals. Rajiv Borle MDS, FIBOMFS Vice Chancellor DMIMS (DU), Wardha (Mh) vi Instruments in Dentistry This Page is Intentionally Left Blank Preface It is a privilege and an honor to have an opportunity to bring out Handbook of Instruments in Dentistry for the undergraduates, postgraduates and clinicians. During and after the BDS course, students and clinicians are using various dental instruments that are part of preclinical and clinical practices. It has been my observation that preclinical and clinical students find it difficult to remember the name, identification, application, and technique to use instruments in various fields of dentistry. Handbook of Instruments in Dentistry has sevenchapters for the ease of handling and understanding. •Chapter1 Dental Chair •Chapter2 Conservative and Endodontic Instruments •Chapter3: Prosthodontic Instruments •Chapter4: Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Instruments •Chapter5: Periodontal Instruments •Chapter6: Orthodontic Instruments •Chapter7: Miscellaneous Instruments. Colour photographs have been used in all the chapters for basic understanding of the tools for the students. Colour photographs of instruments and illustrations are followed by description which will be useful for the preclinical and clinical practices. Purushottam Singh Chauhan viii Instruments in Dentistry Acknowledgments Thank you are two little words which would probably never completely convey the sense of gratitude and regards which I feel for each of the following wonderful people who have made Handbook of Instruments in Dentistry, a reality. I would like to start with one of my colleagues, Dr Naveed Khan, who contributed significantly to the review of the chapters. I express my sincere appreciation to Dr Amol Gadbail; without his tremendous sacrifice and support, this project would not have been possible. My deepest appreciation goes to my family, teacher, friends and juniors. I thanks to all those who helped with the proofreading. The Foreword in this edition was written by Professor (Dr) Rajiv Borle MDS, FIBOMFS, Vice Chancellor, DMIMS (DU) Wardha (Mh), and I am thankful to him for the honour. A special thanks to the team of CBS Publishers & Distributors for the wonderful job in creating a truly remarkable book. I consider myself to be lucky to get proper opportunities at proper time to work and learn. I am thankful to Dr Ashok Pakhan, Dean, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences for showing faith in me and providing me suitable environment, facilities, support and encouragement to progress. Purushottam Singh Chauhan Contents Contributors ii Foreword by Rajiv Borle v Preface vii 1. Dental Chair 1 Definition 1 Patient positions 16 Evolution of dental chair 1 Chair positions 16 Types of dental chair 1 Operating positions 18 Portable 2 Right front position Non-portable 2 (7o’clock) 20 General dental chair 2 Right position (9 o’clock) 20 Kids dental chair 3 Right rear position Surgical dental chair 4 (11o’clock) 21 Parts of dental chair 4 General considerations 14 Direct rear position Care and maintenance 14 (12o’clock) 21 Chair position 15 Considerations while doing Zone operating areas 15 patient 21 2. Conservative and Endodontic Instruments 23 Introduction 23 Blade 27 Classification of instruments 23 Instrument nomenclature GV Black’s classification 23 (according to GV Black) 28 Marzouck classification 25 Instrument formula 28 Parts of hand cutting Three number formula 28 instruments 26 Four number formula 29 Handle (shaft) 27 Classification of instruments Shank 27 based on their usage 30 GV Black classification of Exploratory instruments 30 instruments based on shank Mouth mirror 30 design 27 Explorers 32