An Imprint of Springer Publishing Handbook of ICU EEG Monitoring SECOND EDITION n n n n n n n n S M. L R uzette a oche h a h iba Rif aideR Handbook of ICU EEG Monitoring Handbook of ICU EEG Monitoring S E C O N D E D I T I O N Editors S M. L R , MD UZETTE A OCHE Medical Director Mission Health Epilepsy Center Asheville, North Carolina H A H , MD IBA RIF AIDER Assistant Professor of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia An Imprint of Springer Publishing Visit our website at www.springerpub.com ISBN: 9780826168610 e-book ISBN: 9780826168627 Acquisitions Editor: Beth Barry Compositor: Exeter Premedia Services Pvt Ltd. Copyright © 2018 Springer Publishing Company. Demos Medical Publishing is an imprint of Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Medicine is an ever-changing science. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our understanding of proper treatment and drug therapy. The authors, editors, and publisher have made every effort to ensure that all infor- mation in this book is in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the contents of the publication. Every reader should examine carefully the package inserts accompanying each drug and should carefully check whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contrain- dications stated by the manufacturer differ from the statements made in this book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: LaRoche, Suzette, editor. | Haider, Hiba Arif, editor. Title: Handbook of ICU EEG monitoring / [edited by] Suzette M. LaRoche, Hiba A rif Haider. Description: Second edition. | New York : Springer Publishing Company, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifi ers: LCCN 2017039427| ISBN 9780826168610 | ISBN 9780826168627 (e-book) Subjects: | MESH: Electroencephalography | Intensive Care Units | Monitoring, P hysiologic Classifi cation: LCC RC386.6.E43 | NLM WL 150 | DDC 616.8/047547—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017039427 Contact us to receive discount rates on bulk purchases. We can also customize our books to meet your needs. For more information please contact: [email protected] Printed in the United States of America. We dedicate this edition of the Handbook of ICU EEG Monitoring to Dr. Sandra Helmers. Cancer ended Sandy’s career way too early, but not before she had the opportunity to infl uence generations of neurophysiologists. Both of us had the distinct benefi t of Sandy’s mentorship as residents, fellows, and ultimately as colleagues. We miss her greatly, but strive to carry on her passion for education, scholarship, and extraordinary patient care. —Suzette and Hiba Contents Contributors xi Abbreviations xvii List of Figures xxiii Preface xxxi Acknowledgments xxxiii S hare Handbook of ICU EEG Monitoring, Second Edition I. T ECHNICAL ISSUES Chapter 1 Equipment for EEG Acquisition and Review 1 Susan T. Herman Chapter 2 Electrodes and Montages 11 Jennifer L. Hopp and Chalita C. Atallah Chapter 3 Networking, Remote Monitoring, and Data Storage 19 Joshua Andrew Ehrenberg Chapter 4 Staffi ng an ICU EEG Monitoring Unit 32 Abdulrahman Alwaki, Joshua Andrew Ehrenberg, and Andres Rodriguez-Ruiz II. INDICATIONS Chapter 5 Status Epilepticus 42 Sebastian Pollandt and Thomas P. Bleck Chapter 6 Ischemic Stroke 52 Wendy L. Wright Chapter 7 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 60 Michael Mendoza and Adam Webb Chapter 8 Intracranial Hemorrhage 68 Jonathan Elmer and Lori A. Shutter Chapter 9 Infectious and Infl ammatory Conditions 76 Olga Taraschenko and Nicolas Gaspard Chapter 10 Traumatic Brain Injury 92 Brad J. Kolls Chapter 11 Prognosis Following Cardiac Arrest in Adults 98 Amy Z. Crepeau vii viii Contents Chapter 12 Therapeutic Hypothermia in the Neonatal and Pediatric Populations 106 Nicholas S. Abend and Courtney J. Wusthoff Chapter 13 Prognosis in Patients Without Cardiac Arrest 116 Leslie A. Rudzinski Chapter 14 EEG Monitoring in the Medical ICU 123 Monica B. Dhakar, Stephen Hantus, and Emily J. Gilmore Chapter 15 EEG Monitoring in the Pediatric ICU 132 Cecil D. Hahn and William B. Gallentine III. EEG INTERPRETATION Chapter 16 Overview of Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology 141 Jessica W. Templer and Elizabeth E. Gerard Chapter 17 Background Activity 152 Kevin F. Haas Chapter 18 Lateralized Periodic Discharges 160 Jessica W. Templer and Elizabeth E. Gerard Chapter 19 Generalized Periodic Discharges 170 Joshua Martin and Brandon Foreman Chapter 20 Other Periodic and Rhythmic Patterns 179 Nicolas Gaspard Chapter 21 The Ictal–Interictal Continuum 186 Suzette M. LaRoche and Valia Rodríg uez Chapter 22 Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus 200 Hiba Arif Haider and Frank W. Drislane Chapter 23 Neonatal Seizures and Status Epilepticus 213 Rawad Obeid and Tammy N. Tsuchida Chapter 24 Postanoxic Encephalopathy 224 Tadeu A. Fantaneanu and Jong Woo Lee Chapter 25 Artifacts 233 Sarah E. Schmitt Chapter 26 Interrater Agreement for EEG Interpretation 241 Jonathan J. Halford Chapter 27 Quantitative EEG: Basic Principles 247 Saurabh R. Sinha Chapter 28 Quantitative EEG for Detection of Seizures 255 Hiba Arif Haider and Suzette M. LaRoche Chapter 29 Quantitative EEG for Ischemia Detection 268 Carlos F. Muñiz, Sahar Zafar, and M. Brandon Westover Contents ix IV. TREATMENT Chapter 30 Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus 281 Christa B. Swisher and Aatif M. Husain Chapter 31 Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Adults 298 Sara Hocker and Peter W. Kaplan Chapter 32 Status Epilepticus in the Pediatric Population 310 Sarah Welsh, James Riviello, and Alexis Topjian Chapter 33 Alternative Therapies for Refractory Status Epilepticus 320 Emily L. Johnson and Mackenzie C. Cervenka Chapter 34 Prophylaxis of Seizures in the ICU Population 331 Gretchen M. Brophy and Eljim P. Tesoro V. ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Chapter 35 Neonatal ICU EEG Guidelines 338 Nancy McNamara and Renée Shellhaas Chapter 36 ACNS Consensus Statement for Pediatrics and Adults 344 Susan T. Herman Chapter 37 Billing and Coding for ICU EEG Monitoring 353 Marc R. Nuwer Chapter 38 Report Generation and Communication With the ICU Team 359 Stephen Hantus Chapter 39 Multimodality Monitoring 366 Carolina Barbosa Maciel, Jan Claassen, and Emily J. Gilmore Chapter 40 EEG Monitoring in the ICU: Future Directions 381 Nicholas S. Abend and Lawrence J. Hirsch Index 387