Handbook of Global Social Policy PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONA ND PUBLIC POLICY A Comprehensive Publication Program Executive Editor JACK RABIN Professor of Public Administration and Public Policy School of Public Affairs The Capital College The Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg Middletown, Pennsylvania 1. Public Administration as a Developing Discipline (in two parts), Robert T. Golembiewski 2. Comparative National Policies on Health Care, Milton I. Roemer, M.D. 3. Exclusionary Injustice: The Problem of lllega/ly Obtained Evidence, Steven R. Schlesinger 4. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Jay M. Shafritz, Walter L. Balk, Albert C. Hyde, and David H. Rosenbloom 5. Organization Development in Public Administration (in two parts), edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and William B. Eddy 6. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Ferrel Heady 7. Approaches to Planned Change (in two parts), Robert T. Golembiewski 8. Program Evaluation at H€W(in three parts), edited by James G. Abert 9. TheS tates and the Metropolis, Patricia S. Florestano and Vincent L. Marando 10. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Second Edi- tion, Revised and Expanded, Jay M. Shafritz, Albert C. Hyde, and David H. Rosenbloom 1 1. Changing Bureaucracies: Understanding the Organization Before Selecting the Approach, William A. Medina 12. Handbook on Public Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by Jack Rabin and Thomas D. Lynch 13. bcyclopedia of Policy Studies, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 14. Public Administration and Law: Bench v. Bureau in the United States, David H. Rosenbloom 15. Handbook on Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 16. Public Budgeting and Finance: Behavioral, Theoretical, and Technical Per- spectives, Third Edition, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and Jack Rabin 17. Organizational Behavior and Public Management, Debra W. Stewart and G. David Garson 18. The Politics of Terrorism: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Michael Stohl i 4 19. Handbook of Organization Management, edited by William B. Eddy 20. Organization Theory and Management, edited by Thomas D. Lynch 21. Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Richard C. Kearney 22.P olitics and Administration: Woodrow Wilson and American PublicA d- ministration, edited by Jack Rabin and James s. Bowman 23. Making and Managing Policy: Formulation, Analysis, Evaluation, edited by G. Ronald Gilbert 24. Public Adminisfration: A ComparativeP erspective, Third Edition, Revised, Ferrel Heady 25. Decision Making in the Public Sector, edited by Lloyd G. Nigro 26. Managing Administration, edited by Jack Rabin, Samuel Humes, and Brian S. Morgan 27. Public Personnel Update, edited by Michael Cohen and Robert T. Golem- biewski 28. State and Local Government Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and Don Dodd 29.P ublic Administration: A BibliographicG uide to the Literature, Howard E. McCurdy 30. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, Jay M. Shafritz,A lbert C. Hyde, and DavidH . Rosenbloom 31. Handbook of Information Resource Management, edited by Jack Rabin and Edward M. Jackowski 32. PublicA dministration in Developed Democracies: A comparative Study, edited by Donald C. Rowat 33. The Politics of Terrorism: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Michael Stohl 34.H andbook on Human Services Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and Marcia B. Steinhauer 35H. andbooko f Public Administration, edited by JackR abin, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 36.E thicsf orB ureaucrats: An Essay on Law and Values, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, John A. Rohr 37. The Guide to the Foundations of PublicA dministration, Daniel W. Martin 38. Handbook of Strategic Management, edited by Jack Rabin, Gerald J. Miller, and W. Bartley Hildreth 39. Terrorism and Emergency Management: Policy and Adminisfration, William L. Waugh, Jr. 40. Organizational Behavior and Public Management: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Michael L. Vasu, DebraW . Stewart, and G. David Garson 41. Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Adminisfration, edited by Ali Farazmand 42.P ublic Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Fourth Edition, Ferrel Heady 43. Government Financial Management Theory, Gerald J. Miller 44. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Fourth Edition, Revised and Expanded, Jay M. Shafritz,N orma M. Riccucci,D avidH . Rosenbloom, and Albert C. Hyde 45. Public Productivity Handbook, edited by Marc Holzer 46. Handbook of Public Budgeting, edited by Jack Rabin 47.L abor Relations in the PublicS ector: Second Edition,R evised and Ex- panded, Richard C. Kearney 48. Handbook of Organizational Consultation, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski 49. Handbook of Court Adminisfration and Management, edited by Steven W. Hays and Cole Blease Graham, Jr. 50. Handbook of ComparativeP ublic Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Lawrence L. Martin 51. Handbook of Organizational Behavior, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski 52. Handbook of Administrative Ethics, edited by Terry L. Cooper 53. Encyclopedia of Policy Studies: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 54H. andbook of Regulation and Administrative Law, edited by David H. Rosenbloom and Richard D. Schwartz 55. Handbook of Bureaucracy, edited by Ali Farazmand 56. Handbook of Public Sector Labor Relations, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 57. Practical Public Management, Robert T. Golembiewski 58. Handbook of Public PersonnelA dministration, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 59. Public Administration: AC omparativeP erspective, Fifth Edition, Ferrel Heady 60. Handbook of Debt Management, edited by Gerald J. Miller 61. Public Administration and Law: Second Edition, David H. Rosenbloom and Rosemary O’Leary 62. Handbook of Local Government Adminisfration, edited by John J. Gargan 63. Handbook ofAdminisfrative Communication, edited by James L. Garnett and Alexander Kouzmin 64. Public Budgeting andF inance: Fourth Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and JackR abin 65. Handbook of Public Adminisfration: Second Edition, edited by Jack Rabin, I W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 66.H andbook of OrganizationT heory and Management TheP hilosophical Approach, edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Todd J. Dicker 67. Handbook of Public Finance, edited by Fred Thompson and Mark T. Green 68. organizational Behavior and Public Management: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson 69. Handbook of Economic Development, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou 70. Handbook of Health Administration and Policy, edited by Anne Osborne Kil- patrick and James A. Johnson 71. Handbook of Research Methods inP ublic Administration, edited by Gerald J. Miller and Marcia L. Whicker 72. Handbook on Taxation, edited by W. Bartley Hildreth and James A. Richard- son 73. Handbook of Comparative Public Administration in the Asia-Pacific Basin, edited by Hoi-kwok Wong and Hon S. Chan 74. Handbook of Global EnvironmentalP olicy and Administration, edited by Dennis L. Soden and Brent S. Steel 75. Handbook of State GovernmentA dministration, edited by John J. Gargan 76. Handbook of Global Legal Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 77. Handbook of Public lnformafion Systems, edited by G. David Garson 78. Handbook of Global Economic Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 79. Handbook of StrategicM anagement: Second Edition,R evised and Ex- panded, edited by Jack Rabin, Gerald J. Miller,a nd W. Bartley Hildreth 80. Handbook of Global lnternational Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 81. Handbook of Organizational Consultation: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski 82. Handbook of Global Political Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 83. Handbook of Global Technology Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 84. Handbook of Criminal Justice Administration, edited by Toni DuPont- Morales, Michael K. Hooper, and Judy H. Schmidt 85. Labor Relations in the PublicS ector:T hird Edition, edited by Richard C. Kearney 86. Handbook of Administrative Ethics: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Terry L. Cooper 87. Handbooko fO rganizational Behavior: Second Edition, Revised and Ex- panded, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski 88. Handbook of Global Social Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel and Amy Robb Additional Volumes in Preparation Handbook of Public Quality Management, edited by Ronald J. Stupak and Peter M. Leitner Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management, edited by Ali Farazmand Handbook of Public Management Practice and Reform, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Ali Farazmand Principles and Practices of PublicA dministration [on-line text], edited by Jack Rabin, Robert Munzenrider,a nd Sherrie Bartell Public Administration: AC omparativeP erspective,S ixthE dition, Revised and Expanded, Ferrel Heady Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Fifth Edition, Jay M. Shafritz,N orma M. Riccucci,D avid H. Rosenbloom,K atherine C. Naff, and Albert C. Hyde ANNALS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1. Public Administration: History and Theory in Contemporary Perspective, edited by Joseph A. Uveges, Jr. 2. Public Administration Education in Transition, edited by Thomas Vocino and Richard Heimovics 3. Centenary Issues of the Pendleton Act of 1883, edited by David H. Ro- senbloom with the assistance of Mark A. Emmert 4. lntergovernrnental Relations in the 1980s, edited by Richard H. Leach 5. Criminal Justice Administration: Linking Pracfice and Research, edited by William A. Jones, Jr. Handbook of Global Social Policy edited by Stuart S. Nagel Amy Robb University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois MARCEL MARCELD EKKERIN,C . NEWY ORK BASEL DEKKER ISBN: 0-8247-0357-X This book is printed on acid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland tel: 41-61-261-8482; fax: 41-61-261-8896 World Wide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special SalesIProfessional Marketing at the headquarters address above. Copyright 0 2001 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Current printing (last digit): 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA b - "- " " To the people who especially stimulated my awareness of social policy, including: Emory Bogardus, Helen Clarke, John Cuber, Ruth Gavian, Clair Wilcox, and Kimball Young.