CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 Volume 14 February CONGENITAL HAND DISORDERS, pages 1-153 May PROBLEMS ABOUT THE DISTAL END OF THE ULNA, pages 155-330 August COMPARTMENT SYNDROME AND VOLKMANN’S ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE, pages 331-510 November HAND INFECTIONS, pages 511-725 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. Abductor digiti minimi release, 504 flexor tendon, 568-569 Abductor digiti quinti muscle transfer, in thumb in human bite infections, 684-686 hypoplasia, 105-106 of intrinsic muscles of hand, 499-500 Abscesses. See also Deep subfascial space infections. of upper extremity compartments. See Compartments “collar-button,” 559, 560 of upper extremity, anatomy of. “dumbbell,” 561 of Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, 486 felons, 551-553 Angiography, of distal ulna region, 198 in septic arthritis, 581, 582 Animal bites. See Bites, animal. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, postoperative Anterior arm compartment, 351-352 infection in, 676—677 Anterior arm compartment syndrome, 352 Acrosyndactyly, 30 Antibiotics, after bite wounds, prophylactic, 660-661 treatment, 34-35, 37 in Clostridium difficile colitis, 539-540 Actinomycetomas, 624 for deep subfascial space infections, 565 Adactyly, microvascular reconstruction in, 136 history, 516-517 Adductor pollicis compartment syndrome, 360 for human bites, 688-689 AIDS, postoperative infection in, 676-677 in leprosy, 616 Alcohol, as antiseptic agent, 673 for mycobacterial infections, 615, 616, 618, 620-622, Allen’s test, 178, 188 623 Allergy to antibiotics, 664, 674 in necrotizing fasciitis, 638 American Society of Anesthesiologists, classification of for nocardial infection, 625-626 public health, 534 in osteomyelitis, 598-599 Amniotic band syndrome, congenital. See also after prosthetic implantation, prophylactic, 537, 675 Constriction band syndrome. in pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, 571, 573 microvascular reconstruction in, 136-137 resistance to, 517, 674 Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 663 in septic arthritis, 584—585 Amputation, in diabetic hand infections, 651, 654-655 for tuberculous infection, 615 in osteomyelitis, 595, 598 Antibiotics in hand surgery, 657-666 Anatomy, carpal tunnel, 421 choice of, 662-663 for compartment syndrome, 372-375 complex trauma, 661-662 in forearm, 391 prophylactic, 535-536, 658-662, 674-675 in hand and wrist, 406—408 complications of, 664, 674 in obtunded patients, 431-433 elective surgery, 658-660 in upper arm, 385 history of, 657-658 deep subfascial space, 557-558 orthopedic surgery, 658 distal ulna, extensor surface, 317-318 topical irrigation, 663-664, 672-673 flexor surface, 320-321 traumatic surgery, 660-661 forearm axis, 305-307 Antioxidants, ischemia and, 463 osseous, 161-164 Antiseptics, 671-672, 673 in pediatric distal ulna injuries, 231-232 Antivenin, 701, 704 soft-tissue, 165-176 Aphalangia, 1-15 triangular fibrocartilage complex, 285-286, 297 classification and description of deficiencies in, 1-2 in ulnocarpal abutment, 251-252 incidence, 2 fingertip, 547-548 parental needs and expectation in, 2-3 713 714 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 Aphalangia (Continued) human, infections from, 683-690 surgical reconstruction in, age of patient for, 4 anatomy for, 684-686 indications, 3 antibiotic prophylaxis after, 661 nonvascularized toe proximal phalanx transfers, clinical presentation, 687-688 4—5 complication, 689-690 growth after physis transplantation, 7, 13-14 incidence and scope of problem, 683 results, 5-7 mechanism of, 683-684 procedures, 3-4 microbiology, 686-687 terminology, 1 treatment, 688-689 Arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitors, ischemia and, Black widow spider bite, 703-704 463 Blastomycosis, 609-610, 631 Arterial injury, compartment syndrome and nerve Blauth classification of thumb hypoplasia, 101-102, 103 injury versus, 372, 439 Bone grafts, in distal radius osteotomy, 243 Arteries, in upper extremity compartments, 347-349 in osteomyelitis, 595 Arteriovenous malformations, mimicking hand Bone scans, of distal ulna region, 195-198 infection, 526 in osteomyelitis, 593 Arthritis, rheumatoid, mimicking hand infection, 527 Bony abnormalities, in thumb duplication postoperative infection in, 676 reconstruction, 143 septic, of wrist. See Septic arthritis of hand and wrist. Botox injections, in spastic hemiplegia, 124-125 Arthrodesis, distal radioulnar joint, 279 Boutonniere deformity, 585 with distal ulnar pseudarthrosis. See Sauvé-Kapandji Brown recluse spider bite, 521-523, 704-705 proced ure. Brunner incision, 572 Arthropod bites, 703-707 Burns, compartment syndrome from, in forearm, 393 Arthrotomy, in septic arthritis, 582-584 Articular disk of triangular fibrocartilage, 168 Articular pathology about ulnar side of wrist, examination of, 181-185 Calcareous tendinitis, 321 Aspergillosis, 631 Calcific tendinitis, 321 Aspiration, in osteomyelitis, 594 Calcium (pyrophosphate) deposition, 521, 580-581 Atypical hand infections, 613-634 Candida albicans, 550, 607, 626-627 Candidiasis, 631 Avascular necrosis of proximal carpal row, magnetic resonance imaging of, 207 Capsular contraction, of distal radioulnar joint, 312 Carpal kinematics, distal ulna in, 165 Axillary lymph node dissection, infection after, 537 Carpal tunnel, increased pressure in, etiology of, 421-424 Carpal tunnel release, 426-427 Carpal tunnel syndrome, acute, 419-429 Bacitracin, 663-664, 673 anatomy for, 421 Bacterial infections, atypical, 613-626 critical pressure threshold for median nerve viability, contamination, 536 419-421 diabetic, 655 diagnosis of, pressure measurements, 426 from human bites, 686-687 sensibility testing, 424-426 in necrotizing fasciitis, 635 etiology of increased carpal tunnel pressure, hemor- in osteomyelitis, 589-590 rhagic disorders, 424 in pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, 569-570 rheumatologic disorders, 424 in septic arthritis, 581-582, 585 wrist trauma, 421-424 Badger bites, 694 treatment by carpal tunnel release, 426-427 Baldwin's operation, 260 Cast removal, in forearm compartment syndrome, 395 Ballotment, of lunatotriquetral joint, 182-183 Cat bites, 692 Barracuda bites, 707-708 Catfish bites, 710 Basistyloid fovea, 168 Catheters, in intramuscular pressure measurement, 378, Bayne classification, of radial longitudinal deficiency, 88 379, 411-412, 426, 441 of ulnar ray deficiency, 68, 69-70 septic thrombophlebitis and, 537-538 Bear mauling, 693-694 Cefaclor, 663 Bee stings, 706-707 Cefoxitin, 664 Biceps brachii tendon, distal, rupture of, 309 Cells, in compartment syndrome, 333 Binturong bites, 696 normal physiology of, 457-458 Biomechanics, distal radioulnar joint, 240-241, 297-298, in osteomyelitis, responses of, 591-593 307 Cellulitis, necrotizing, 643 forearm axis, 305-307 Centers for Disease Control, surgical-site infection triangular fibrocartilage complex, 286-287 definitions, 532-533 Bites, animal, infections from, 691-711 Centralization, in radial longitudinal deficiency, 90-92 antibiotic prophylaxis after, 660-661 complications, 93-94 arthropods, 521-523, 703-707 recent contributions, 95-96 bear mauling, 693-694 technique, 92-93 cats, 692 Central palmar compartment syndrome, 360 dogs, 691 Cephalosporins, allergy to, 664 marine bites and stings, 707-711 in human bites, 689 rabies, 692-693 Cerebral palsy, spastic hemiplegia in, 119 reptiles, 393, 416, 696-702 Chemotherapeutic infiltration, mimicking hand ZOO animals, 694-696 infection, 521 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 715 Children. See Compartment syndrome, pediatric; Distal exertional, 477-482 ulna, pediatric injuries to. complications, 480 Chlorhexidine gluconate, 673 diagnosis, 478-479 Ciprofloxacin, in osteomyelitis, 598 etiology and pathophysiology, 477-478 Clasped thumb, congenital, 77-84 management, 479-480 classification and clinical presentation, 77-79 prognosis, 480 treatment, 79-83 of forearm, 391-403 Clean hand surgery procedures, infections in, 677 of hand and wrist, 405-418 Clenched-fist injury, 683, 686, 687, 688. See also Bites, historical review, 338-340 human. history of, 338-340 Clindamycin, in toxic shock syndrome, 538 in obtunded patients, 431-450 Clofazimine, in leprosy, 616 anatomy, 431-433 Clostridial myonecrosis, 639-641 diagnosis, 438-440 Clostridium difficile colitis, 538-540 etiology, 433-435 Coagulation problems, upper arm compartment iatrogenic causes, 438 syndrome from, 368, 386-387 in infants and children, 437-438 Coccidioidomycosis, 609-610, 631 injections or infiltrated infusions, 437 Cole and Manske classification of ulnar ray deficiency, list of causes, 434 68 prolonged limb compression, 435 Colitis, Clostridium difficile, 538-540 thrombolytic therapy, 435, 437 pseudomembranous, 664 pathophysiology, 433 “Collar-button” infection, 559, 560 sequelae, 447-448 Compartments, anatomic, definition and contents of, treatment, 440, 442-443 343, 405—406 fasciotomy technique in forearm or hand, 443- Compartments of upper extremity, anatomy of, 343-364 446 anterior compartment of arm, 351-352 postoperative, 445, 447 deltoid compartment, 350-351 pathophysiology, 332-333, 372, 374, 462 fascial and subfascial components, 343, 345-346 exertional compartment syndrome, 477-478 forearm, 331-332, 392 in hand and wrist, 406 dorsal compartment, 356-357 in obtunded patients, 433 mobile wad, 353-354 pediatric, 467-475 pronator quadratus compartment, 356 clinical assessment, 468 volar compartment, 354-355 from diaphyseal forearm fractures, 470-471 hand, adductor compartment, 360 from distal radius fractures, 471 central palmar compartment, 357-360 etiology, 437, 439, 467 hypothenar compartment, 361-362 floating elbow and, 471-473 interosseous compartments, 362-363 of hand, 473 thenar compartment, 360-361 incidence, 467 muscle components, 346-347 from supracondylar humerus fractures, 468-470 nerves, 347 pressure and time thresholds for, 379-382 posterior compartment of arm, 352-353 recurrent, 477-482 vascular system, 347-350 sequelae, in obtunded patients, 447-448 Compartment syndrome. See also Volkmann's ischemic in upper arm, 388 contracture. treatment, exertional compartment syndrome, 479-480 anatomy, 372-375. See also Compartments of upper ex- in forearm, 394-399 tremity, anatomy of. in hand and wrist, 414-417 classification, 365, 366 intrinsic hand deformities, 502-505 clinical evaluation, 375 in obtunded patients, 440, 442-446 complications, exertional compartment syndrome, 480 in upper arm, 387-388 in forearm, 399 unifying principles of, 373 in hand, 417 of upper arm, 385-389 in upper arm, 388 anatomy, 385, 432-433 concepts in pathophysiology, evaluation, and diagno- diagnosis, 387 sis of, 371-383 etiology, 386-387 definitions and terminology, 331-334 sequelae and complications, 388 diagnosis, differential diagnosis, 372, 394, 438, 439 treatment, 387-388 exertional compartment syndrome, 478-479 vascular causes of, in obtunded patients, 434 in forearm, 393-394 in upper arm, 386 Griffiths’ four Ps of, 338 vicious cycle of, 452 in hand and wrist, 408-414 Compression, of limb, prolonged, compartment in obtunded patients, 438-440 syndrome from, 435 problems in, 382 of muscle, crush syndrome from, 452 in upper arm, 387 Compression testing, of lunatotriquetral joint, 183 etiology, 332-333, 365-370, 372-375, 500-501 Computed tomography, of distal ulna region, 194, exertional compartment syndrome, 477-478 198-199, 299 in forearm, 391-393 Congenital hand disorders, aphalangia, 1-15 in hand and wrist, 408 clasped thumb, 77-84 in obtunded patients, 433-438 constriction band syndrome, 29-38 in upper arm, 386-387 microvascular surgery for, 135-142 evaluation, 375 polydactyly, 49-64 716 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 Congenital hand disorders (Continued) Deltoid compartment, 350-351 radial head dislocations, 39-47 Deltoid compartment syndrome, 351 radial longitudinal deficiency, 85-99 Dermatophytic infections, 605-607, 626-628 spastic hemiplegia of upper extremity, 119-134 Diabetic hand infections, 647-656 thumb duplication, 17-27 authors’ series of, 648 complications of reconstruction in, 143-149 bacteriology, 655 thumb hypoplasia, 101-118 host factors in, 648 ulnar ray deficiency, 65-76 incidence of, 647-648 Congruity method, 299 pathogenesis of, 655 Constriction band syndrome, 29-38. See also Amniotic postoperative, 675-676 band syndrome. types of, 648-649 classification, 31 gangrene, 641-643 clinical presentation, 30-31 necrosis, 651, 654-655 demographics, 30 subcutaneous extrafascial dissecting infections, 649- etiology, 29-30 650 treatment, 31, 33-37 subepidermal infections, 649 Contracture. See also Volkmann's ischemic contracture. surgical wound and injection-site infections, 650— of intrinsic muscles of hand, 417 651 Cornelia de Lange’s syndrome, 67-68 Diaphyseal forearm fractures, pediatric compartment Corticosteroids, infections and, in rheumatoid arthritis, syndrome from, 470-471 676 Dicloxacillin, 663 C-reactive protein, in osteomyelitis, 593 Digital flexor tendons, disorders of, 324 Creatine phosphokinase, in crush syndrome, 453 Digital-subtraction arthrography, 202 Crush injury of upper arm, 386 Digits. See Fingers. Crush syndrome, 332, 451-456 Dishwater pus, 636 classification, 454 Disinfectants, 672 clinical presentation, 453 Distal interphalangeal joint arthrotomy, in septic etiology, 451 arthritis, 583-584 historical perspective, 451 Distal intrinsic release, 503 laboratory studies in, 453-454 Distal radioulnar joint. See also Radioulnocarpal joint. outcome, 455 anatomy, 161-164, 240, 297, 307 pathophysiology, 433, 451-453 arthrodesis, 279 treatment, 454-455 with distal ulnar pseudarthrosis. See Sauvé-Kapandji Cryptococcosis, 631 procedure. Cysts, ganglion, examination of, 186-187 biomechanics, 240-241, 297-298, 307 capsular contraction, 312 chronic late disruption, 234-236 development, 155-159 Dactylitis, 614 dislocation, 298 Dapsone, in leprosy, 616 embryology, 157 Darrach resection, 259-260, 265, 275 examination, 181-182 history and indications, 266 fracture management, 213-229 outcomes, 268 imaging, 191, 194, 199 pitfalls and complications, 266 incongruity/arthrosis, 253, 254, 259-260 technique, 266 instablity, 297-303 Debridement, in clostridial myonecrosis, 640-641 acute, 298-300 in necrotizing fasciitis, 636-638 treatment, 300-301 open, in pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, 574 arthroscopic management, 292-293 in osteomyelitis, 594 chronic, 301-303 in tuberculous infection, 615 management in cases of malunited distal radius frac- Decompression, in compartment syndrome. See also tures, 239-249 Fasciotomy. algorithm for, 242 of forearm, 396-398 anatomy and biomechanics, 240-241 of hand/fingers, 445, 446, 460 reconstructive surgical techniques, 242-248 in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, 489-491 surgical ablation of DRUJ, 248 Deep subfascial space infections, 557-566 surgical indications, 241 anatomy for, 557-558 surgical planning, 241-242 types of, dorsal subaponeurotic space infection, 560- stabilizing structures, 168-173 561 in ulnocarpal abutment, 251 hypothenar space infection, 564 Distal radioulnar ligaments, 168-169 interdigital web-space infection, 558-560 Distal radioulnar line method, 299 midpalmar space infection, 563-564 Distal radius fractures, classification, 214-218 Parona’s space infection, 561 with DRUJ disruption, 222-227 thenar space infection, 561-563 DRUJ injuries associated with, 214-222 wound management and postoperative rehabilitation, malunited. See Distal radioulnar joint, management in 564-565 cases of malunited distal radius fractures. Deferoxamine, ischemia and, 463 pediatric compartment syndrome from, 471 Deformities. See Hand deformities. positive ulnar variance secondary to malunion of, 255 Degenerative lesions of triangular fibrocartilage reducing, 162-163 complex, 287-289, 293-294 Distal radius osteotomy, 241, 242-243, 255 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 717 Distal ulna, ablative procedures, 245-248, 248, 258-260, Drainage, for acute paronychia, 548-548 265-277, 283 for deep subfascial space infections, 559-564 Darrach resection, 266—268 of felons, 552-553 hemiresection-interposition arthroplasty, 271-273 for pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, 571-572 matched distal ulna resection, 273-275 in septic arthritis, 582 recommendations, 275-276 DRUJ. See Distal radioulnar joint. Sauve-Kapandji procedure, 268-271 “Dumbbell” abscess, 561 arthrography, 199-203 of DRUJ instability, 300 of ulnocarpal abutment, 254 arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment, 285-296 Ectrodactyly, 67 articular relationships about, 161-164, 166-168 Edema, in clostridial myonecrosis, 640 bone scans, 195-198 Eikenella corrodens, antibiotics for, 663 clinical examination, 177-190 in human bites, 686+687, 688-689 failed surgery about, salvage procedures in, 279-284 in septic arthritis, 582, 585 DRUJ arthrodesis, 279 Elbow, flexion contracture in spastic hemiplegia, massive distal ulna resection, 283 treatment of, 126 one-bone forearm, 282-283 fracture dislocations, examination of, 188 Sauve-Kapandji procedure, 280-282 pediatric floating, 471-473 fractures, management, 213-229 radial head dislocations, congenital, 39-47 pediatric compartment syndrome from, 471 Elective hand surgery, prophylactic antibiotics in, imaging, DRUJ fractures, 213-214 658-660 modalities, 191-212 Electronic transducer-tipped catheter, in intramuscular angiography, 198 pressure measurement, 379 arthrography, 199-203 Ellipsoid infarct concept, 485, 487 bone scintigraphy, 195-198 Envenomation, 416, 696—702 computed tomography, 194, 198-199 Epicenter method, 299 distraction and magnification radiography, 195 Epiphyseal transfer, in radial longitudinal deficiency, 96, fluoroscopy, 195 98 magnetic resonance imaging, 203-209 Eponychial marsupialization, 551 plain films, 191-194 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, in osteomyelitis, 593 single-photon emission computed tomography, Essex-Lopresti injury, 225-227, 312-314 197 Ethambutol, for Mycobacterium marinum infection, tomography, 195 620-621 ultrasonography, 198 for tuberculous infection, 615 osseous anatomy and articular relationships about, Exercise, compartment syndrome from, 367. See also 161-164 Exertional compartment syndrome. pediatric injuries to, 231-237 Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon, 172 anatomy in, 231-232 anatomy, 317-318 classification, 232 inflammatory and traumatic disorders, 318-320 chronic late DRUJ disruption, 234-236 tendinitis examination, 185-186 chronic stress injuries, 233-234 Extensor digiti minimi tendon, inflammation of, 319 physeal injuries, 232-233 Extensor forearm compartment syndrome, 357 ulnar styloid fractures, 232 Extensor mechanism, dorsal view of, 500 epidemiology, 231 External fixators, infections with, 678 salvage procedures after failed surgery about, 279-284 soft-tissue anatomy and relationships about, 165-176 Distal ulna lesions, arthroscopy of, 285-296 DRU}J instability, 300 Factitious illness, mimicking hand infection, 524-525 treatment, 289-290 Fascial components of upper extremity compartments, degenerative lesions, 293-295 343, 345 traumatic lesions, 290-293 Fasciitis, necrotizing, 635-639 triangular fibrocartilage complex and, 285-287 Fasciotomy, in compartment syndrome, 457-465 classification of lesions, 287—289 exertional compartment syndrome, 480 ulnocarpal abutment, 255 of forearm, 396, 398-399, 443-445 wafer resection, 245-248, 259, 294 of hand and wrist, 415-416, 445 work-up, 289 in obtunded patients, 442-446 bone, computed tomography of, 198 pressure threshold tor, 412-414, 440 magnetic resonance imaging of, 209 in crush syndrome, 454-455 Distraction radiography, of distal ulna region, 195 in revascularized or replanted extremity, 461-462 Divergent dislocation of radius and ulna, 314 Felons, 551-553 Dog bites, 691 Femur-fibula-ulna syndrome, 68 Dorsal compartment of forearm, 356-357 Fight bite, 647 compartment syndrome of, fasciotomy in, 399 Fingers, aphalangia, 1-15 Dorsal dislocation of ulna, 298 decompression, 445, 446, 460 Dorsal distal radioulnar ligament, 168, 169 deformities in spastic hemiplegia, treatment of, 127, Dorsal radioulnar ligament reconstruction, 302-303 132-133 Dorsal subaponeurotic space, infection, 560-561 polydactyly, 49-64 Doxorubicin, 521 Fingertip infections, 547-555 Doxycycline, 663 % 718 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 Fingertip infections (Continued) in forearm, 392-393 anatomy for, 547-548 in upper arm, 386 chronic paronychia, 550-551 distal radioulnar joint, 213-229 felon, 551-553 distal radius. See Distal radius fractures. Flaps, in congenital clasped thumb, 82 Essex-Lopresti, 225-227 in index pollicization for thumb hypoplasia, 114 Galeazzi, 222-225 Flap surgery, infections in, 677-678 infected, treatment of, 594-595 Flexion adduction deformity (congenital clasped open hand, prevention of infection in, 594 thumb), 77-84 proximal ulna, 309 Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendon, anatomy, 320-321 radial head, 225-227, 308-309 inflammatory and traumatic disorders, 321-322 ulnar head, 221, 222 tendinitis examination, 185-186 on ulnar side of wrist, examination of, 178-181 transfer of, in spastic hemiplegia, 127 ulnar styloid. See Ulnar styloid fractures. Flexor digiti minimi release, 504 Free-tissue transfers, for intrinsic hand deformities, in Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer, in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, 494 congenital clasped thumb, 79 Fungal infections, 605-612 Flexor palmaris longus tendon transfer, in spastic atypical, 626-630 hemiplegia, 132 deep, 609, 628-629, 631 Flexor pronator slide, in Volkmann’s ischemic skin and nail, 605-607, 626-628 contracture, 491-492 subcutaneous, 607-609, 628 Flexor tendons, digital, disorders of, 324 systemic, 609-611 lengthening of, in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, types of, 605 489, 49] Fusion. See Arthrodesis. Flexor tenosynovitis, midpalmar space infection and, 563 pyogenic, 567-577 bacteriology, 569-570 Galeazzi-equivalent, 225 clinical presentation, 569 Galeazzi fractures, 222-225 complications, 574-576 Ganglion cysts, examination of, 186-187 differential diagnosis, 570-571 Gangrene, diabetic, 641-643 history, 514-515, 516-517 gas, 639-641 pathophysiology, 567-569 nonclostridial nondiabetic, 641 treatment, 571-574 Gas gangrene, 639-641 Floating elbow, pediatric, 471-473 Gloves, surgical, 673-674 Fluoroscopy, of distal ulna region, 195 Gout, carpal tunnel syndrome from, 424 Forearm, fracture dislocations, examination of, 188 mimicking hand infection, 519-520, 571 fractures, diaphyseal, pediatric compartment syn- Granuloma annulare, mimicking hand infection, drome from, 470-471 526-527 | longitudinal instability, ulnocarpal abutment second- Granulomas, pyogenic, mimicking hand infection, ary to, 260-261 520-521 one-bone, creation of, 73-74, 282-283 Griffiths’ four Ps of compartment syndrome diagnosis, pronation deformity, in spastic hemiplegia, treatment r9Fe2e 0. Q of, 126-127 Griseofulvin, 617 pseudoarthrosis, microvascular reconstruction, 137 Gymnasts, wrist pathology in, 234, 289 salvage procedures, in Volkmann’s ischemic con- tracture, 493 Forearm axis, anatomy and biomechanics, 305-307 disorders, 305-316 Haemophilus influenzae, in septic arthritis, 585 Forearm compartments, 331-33 hN Hamate fractures and nonunions, examination of, 179 dorsal, 356-357 Hand (and wrist) compartment syndrome, 405--418 mobile wad, 353-354 anatomy, 406-408, 432 pronator quadratus, 356 in children, 473 volar, 354-355 complications, 417 Forearm compartment syndrome, 391-403 definitions, 405-406 anatomy, 391, 392, 431-432 diagnosis, 408 complications, 399 pressure measurements, 409-414 diagnosis, 393-394 symptoms and signs, 408-409 management, goals, 394-395 etiology, 408 nonoperative, 395 treatment, 414-415 operative, 395-398, 443-445 of associated injuries, 416-417 aftercare, 399 fasciotomy, 415-416, 445-446 techniques, 398-399 Hand compartments, adductor, 360 pathogenesis and etiology, 391-393 central palmar, 357-360 prognosis, 394 hypothenar, 361-362 Foreign bodies, mimicking hand infection, 523-524 interosseous, 362-363 Fox bites, 694 thenar, 360-361 Fracture dislocations, forearm and elbow, examination Hand deformities, intrinsic, in compartment syndrome, of, 188 anatomy, 499-500 Fractures, antibiotics in, 535, 661, 662 clinical tests and physical examination, 501-502 compartment syndrome from, in children, 468-473 etiology, 500-501 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 719 preoperative evaluation, 502 lloprost, ischemia and, 463 treatment, nonoperative, 502 Imaging. See also Radiography. operative techniques, 502-505 in osteomyelitis, 593 surgical issues, 502 Imidazoles, 617-618 types of deformity and functional impairment, 501 Incisions, for drainage, in acute paronychia, 548-548 in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, 485-487 in deep subfascial space infections, 559-564 reconstruction of, 493-494 of felons, 552-553 Hand surgery, infections in, antibiotics in elective and in pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, 571-572 post-traumatic surgery, 657-666 Index ‘pollicization, in thumb hypoplasia, 107, 108 hospital-acquired, 531-545 technique, 108-114 postoperative, 667-681 Index transposition flap, in congenital clasped thumb, for infection treatment, anatomic basis for, 513-514 82 in early 1900s, 514-516 Infants, compartment syndrome causes in, 437 Handwashing prior to surgery, 671-672 Infarct excision, in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, 491 Hansen’s disease, 616, 617 Infections, hand, from animal bites, 691-711 Hemiplegia, spastic. See Spastic hemiplegia of upper antibiotics in elective and post-traumatic surgery, extremity. 657-666 Hemiresection-interposition arthroplasty, 260, 276 atypical, 613-634 history and indications, 271 compartment syndrome from, 368 outcomes, 272-273 deep subfascial space, 557-566 pitfalls and complications, 272 diabetic, 647-656 technique, 271-272 distal ulna region, magnetic resonance imaging of, Hemophiliacs, compartment syndrome in, 368, 386-387 207 Hemorrhagic disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome from, fingertip, 547-555 424 fungal, 605-612 Herpetic whitlow, 524-525, 549, 570 history of, 511-518 Heterotopic ossification, 314 hospital-acquired, in surgery, 531-545 Hexachlorophene, 673 from human bites, 683-690 Histoplasmosis, 609-610, 631 mimickers, 519-529 History of hand infections, 511-518 necrotizing fasciitis and gangrene, 635-645 antibiotic prophylaxis in hand surgery, 657-658 osteomyelitis, 589-603 antibiotic resistance, 517 postoperative, 667-681 antibiotic therapy, 516-517 pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, 567-577 early, 511-513 septic arthritis of hand and wrist, 579-587 surgical treatment, anatomic basis for, 513-514 Inflammation of joint, septic arthritis versus, 581] in early 1900s, 514-516 Inflammatory tendinopathies about ulnar wrist, 317-326 HIV infection, postoperative infection in, 676-677 Infratendinous extensor retinaculum, anatomy of, 172 Hospital-acquired infections, in hand surgery, 531-545 Injections, compartment syndrome from, 368, 435, 437 nature and magnitude of problem, 531-532 Insect (arthropod) bites, 521-523, 703-707 preventive measures, 535-537 Interdigital (web) space, anatomy, 558 risk factors for postoperative infection, 533-535 infection, 558-560 specific clinical problems, antibiotic prophylaxis after Interosseous compartments of hand, 362-363 prosthetic implantation, 537, 675 Interosseous ligament, 306-307 Clostridium difficile colitis, 538-540 rupture of, 310-311 postmastectomy infection, 537 Interosseous muscles compartment syndrome, 363 septic thrombophlebitis, 537-538 Interosseous slide, 504 toxic shock syndrome, 538, 671 Interphalangeal joint infection, pyogenic, 571 surveillance programs, 532-533 Intramuscular pressure. See Pressure. Host defenses, in osteomyelitis, 591-593 Intrinsic hand deformities, reconstruction of, in Human bites. See Bites, iuman. compartment syndrome and Volkmann’s ischemic Human immunodeficiency virus infection, postoperative contracture, 493-494, 499-506 infection in, 676-677 Intrinsic tenodesis, 503-504 Humeral osteotomy, 74-75 Involucrum formation, 591 Humerus fractures, supracondylar, pediatric lodophors, 673 compartment syndrome from, 468-470 Iron chelators, ischemia and, 463 Hymenoptera stings, 706—707 Ischemia, biochemistry, 458—460 Hyperbaric oxygen, in crush syndrome, 455 cell physiology and, 457-458 in forearm compartment syndrome, 395 limb, prophylactic fasciotomy and medical treatment in gas gangrene, 641 in, 457-465 in necrotizing fasciitis, 638-639 reperfusion and, 460-461 Hyperkalemia, in crush syndrome, 453, 454 reversal of changes of, pharmacologic, 462-463 Hyperphalangism, 59, 61 Volkmann's. See Volkmann's ischemic contracture. Hypoplasia of thumb. See Thumb hypoplasia. Isoniazid, in tuberculous infection, 615 Hypothenar compartment syndrome, 362 Hypothenar hammer syndrome, 188 Itraconazole, 609, 617 Hypothenar space, anatomy, 558 infection, 564 Jellyfish stings, 708 Joint abnormalities, in thumb duplication [lizarov technique, in radial longitudinal deficiency, 96 reconstruction, 143 720 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 Joint inflammation, septic arthritis versus, 581 decompression, in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, Joint stabilization, in spastic hemiplegia, 126, 132 489-490 viability, critical pressure threshold for, 419-421 Meniscus homologue, 173-174 Metacarpal shortening, in index pollicization for thumb Kanavel, Allen, 513-514, 567, 687-688 hypoplasia, 112 Ketoconazole, 617 Metacarpophalangeal joint, arthrotomy, in septic Kinematics, carpal, distal ulna in, 165 arthritis, 583 Kirschner wires, in toe transfer for aphalangia, 5 in clenched-fist injury, 686 Kummel classification of ulnar ray deficiency, 69 in congenital clasped thumb, 77-78 treatment of contracture of, 80-82 pyogenic infection, 571 Laboratory studies, for fungal infections, 627, 628 Metaphyseal fractures, distal, pediatric compartment for Mycobacterium marinum infection, 620 syndrome from, 471 Metastatic lesions, mimicking hand infection, 526 for nocardial infection, 624 in osteomyelitis, 593 Methotrexate, infections and, in rheumatoid arthritis, 676 for tuberculous infection, 614-615 Metronidazole, in Clostridium difficile colitis, 539 Lacerations, antibiotics in, 660 Laplace’s law, 332 Michon classification of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, Lateral band tenotomy, 502-503 572 Latrodectus bites, 702 Microvascular surgery, for congenital hand anomalies, Leprosy, 616, 617 135-142 Ligaments, radioulnar, 168-169 in constriction band syndrome, 37 evaluation of patient for, 137-138 ulnocarpal ligamentous complex, 170-172 indications, 136-137 Ligamentum subcruentum, 168 principles and considerations, 135-136 Linea jugata, 318 whole toe transfer, 138-140 Lipomas, examination of, 187-188 Midpalmar space, anatomy, 557-558 Longitudinal deficiencies of ulna, 65 infection, 563-564 Loxoscelism, 521-523, 704-705 Miller classification of ulnar ray deficiency, 69 Lumbrical-plus deformity, 504-505 Mimickers of hand infections, 519-529 Lunatotriquetral joint (LT), examination of, 182-183 Mirror hand deformity, 57, 59 Lunatotriquetral ligament tears, arthrography of, 254 Mobile wad of forearm, 353-354 Lymphedema, postmastectomy, 537 compartment syndrome, clinical manifestations of, 354 fasciotomy in, 398-399 Madelung’s deformity, 153 Motor examination, of ulnar side of wrist, 178 Maduromycosis (Madura ulcer), 609 Mucormycosis, 631, 636 Magnetic resonance imaging, of distal ulna region, Muscles, components of upper extremity compartments, 203-204 346-347 of avascular necrosis, 207 deficiencies, in radial longitudinal deficiency, 87 of bone lesions, 209 hand, intrinsic, anatomy of, 499-500 of DRUJ instability, 299-300 rupture or transfer, upper arm compartment syn- of infection, 207 drome from, 386 of soft tissues, 205-207 in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, 486 of triangular fibrocartilage complex, 204-205, 289 Muscle vascular system, in upper extremity of ulnocarpal abutment, 254-255 compartments, 349-350 in osteomyelitis, 593 Mycetomas, 609, 624 Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis, 616, 618, 619 Magnification radiography, of distal ulna region, 195 Mycobacterium avium complex, 618, 619, 622 Malunion, of distal radius fractures. See Distal radioulnar Mycobacterium bovis, 614, 618 joint, management in cases of malunited distal radius Mycobacterium chelonei, 618, 623 fractures. Mycobacterium fortuitum, 618, 623 of forearm bones, 309-310 Mycobacterium kansasii, 618, 623 of radius platform, 312 Mycobacterium leprae, 616, 618 Mantoux test, 615 Mycobacterium malmoense, 618, 622-623 Marine bites and stings, 707-711 Mycobacterium marinum, 618 Masses, soft-tissue, ulnar, examination of, 186-188 clinical presentation, 620 magnetic resonance imaging of, 205-207 epidemiology, 619-620 Mastectomy, infection after, 537 laboratory diagnosis, 620 Matched distal ulna resection, 276 in osteomyelitis, 590 history and indications, 273-27 in septic arthritis, 582, 585 outcomes, 275 treatment, 620-622 pitfalls and complications, 275 Mycobacterium terrae, 618, 622-623 technique, 274-275 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 571, 614, 615, 618 Matsen’s method of pressure measurement, in hand Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 613-615 and wrist compartment syndrome, 410, 412 Myonecrosis. See Gangrene. Matsen’s unified concept of compartment syndrome, 338-339 Median nerve, contusion, acute carpal tunne! syndrome versus, 423 Nail infections, acute paronychia, 548-550 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 721 chronic paronychia, 550-551 Penicillin, allergy, 664, 674 fungal, 607 for hand infections, history of, 516-517 Necrosis, in diabetes, 651, 654-655 in hand surgery, 663 Necrotizing cellulitis, 643 in human bites, 688-689 Necrotizing fasciitis, 635-639 Pentadactyly, 59 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, in septic arthritis, 582, 585 Perfusion alterations, in compartment syndrome of Neomycin, 663-664, 673 hand and wrist, 409 Nerve injury, compartment syndrome and arterial Peritendinitis calcarea, 321 injury versus, 372, 439 Phenol injections, in spastic hemiplegia, 124-125 Nerves, in upper extremity compartments, 347 Physeal fractures, distal, pediatric compartment Neurovascular deficiencies, in radial longitudinal syndrome from, 471 deficiency, 87-88 Physeal injuries, 232-233 Newborns, compartment syndrome in, 367-368 Pins and external fixators, infections with, 678 NNIS risk index, 533-534 Pisiform, fractures and nonunions, examination of, Nocardia, 623-626 179-181 No-flow phenomenon, 460 injuries, 322—324 Nonunions, on ulnar side of wrist, examination of, Pisotriquetral (PT) joint, disorders, 322-324 179-181 examination, 183-184 Nosocomial infections. See Hospital-acquired infections. Plain films, of distal ulna region, 191-194 Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System risk index, of ulnocarpal abutment, 253-254 533-534 | Pollex varus (congenital clasped thumb), 77-84 Pollicization, index, in thumb hypoplasia, 107, 108 technique, 108-114 Polydactyly, 49-64 Ogden classification of ulnar ray deficiency, 69 classification, 51—52 One-bone forearm, creation of, 282-283 complex, hyperphalangism, 59, 61 On-top plasty, 37 pentadactyly, 59 Onychomycosis, 607, 627 ulnar dimelia, 57, 59 Orthopedic surgery, prophylactic antibiotics in, 658 genetics and inheritance, 50-51 Ossification, heterotopic, 314 incidence, 49-50, 51 Osteomyelitis, 589-603 of index finger, 52-53 bacteriology, 589-590 of long and ring digits, 53-55 classification, 591 radial. See Radial polydactyly. complications, 599-600 of ulnar hand and small digits, 55-57 diagnosis, 593-594 Posterior arm compartment, 352-353 etiology, 589 Posterior arm compartment syndrome, 353 host defenses and celular responses, 591-593 Postoperative infections, 669-681 pathophysiology, 590-591 biological barriers to, 670 treatment, 594 complications, 671 amputation, 595, 598 diagnosis, 671 antibiotics, 598-599 epidemiology, 669 of infected hand fractures, 594-595 etiology, 669-671 prevention of infection in open hand fractures, 594 host factors, 675-677 skeletal reconstruction, 595 prevention, 671 surgical debridement, 594 prophylactic antibiotic therapy, 674-675 Osteotomy, distal radius, 241, 242-243, 255 techniques to decrease wound contamination, 671- ulnar-shortening, 243-245, 255-258 674 Oxygen, hyperbaric. See Hyperbaric oxygen. risk factors for, 533-535 in specific procedures, 677-678 treatment, 671 Pre-axial polydactyly. See Radial polydactyly. Pain, in compartment syndrome of hand and wrist, Pressure, in carpal tunnel syndrome, critical pressure 408-409 threshold for median nerve viability, 419-421 Palmar distal radioulnar ligament, 168, 169 measurements of, 426 Palpation, in distal ulna examination, 178 in compartment syndrome, aAe PunA 9399 ), rz l—3>,° 7 2 Paracoccidioidomycosis, 609-610 measurement of, 375-379, 387, 393-394 Paralytic conditions of forearm, 314 in children, 468 Paresis, in compartment syndrome of hand and wrist, in exertional compartment syndrome, 479 409 in forearm, 393-394 Paresthesias, in compartment syndrome of hand and in hand and wrist, 409-414 wrist, 409 iene—teee eee o tbtu nded patients, 439-440, 441 Parona’s space, anatomy, 558 in upper arm, 387 infection, 561 thresholds of, 379-382 Paronychia, acute, 548-550 in Volkmann's contracture, 337 chronic, 550-551 Prestyloid recess, 174 Pasteurella multocida, in septic arthritis, 585 Pretriquetral recess, 174 - Patterson classification of constriction band syndrome, Primary antiphospholipid syndrome, 5 23 31 . Pronator quadratus compartment syndrome, 356 Pediatrics. See Compartment syndrome, pediatric; Distal Pronator quadratus muscle, anatomy of, 173 ulna, pediatric injuries to. Pronosupination, 165 722 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1998 Prostheses, antibiotic prophylaxis after implantation of, Radius platform malunion, 312 537, 675 Reconstruction, of intrinsic hand deformities, in Proximal carpal row, avascular necrosis, magnetic compartment syndrome, 499-506 resonance imaging of, 207 techniques, 502-505 Proximal interphalangeal joint, arthrodesis, with release in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, intrinsic hand de- of intrinsic muscles, 504 formities, 493-494 arthrotomy, in septic arthritis, 583 mild contractures, 489 swan-neck deformity, treatment, 132-133 moderate to severe contractures, 489-493 Proximal radioulnar joint, 306 Reperfusion, biochemistry of, 460-461 Proximal ulna fractures, 309 Replantation surgery, infections in, 677-678 Pseudogout, carpal tunnel syndrome from, 424 Reptile bites, 393, 416, 696-702 mimicking hand infection, 527 Revascularization, prophylactic fasciotomy in, 457-465 Pseudomembranous colitis, 664 Rhabdomyolysis, management of, 416-417 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in septic arthritis, 585 Rheumatoid arthritis, mimicking hand infection, 527 Pulse alterations, in compartment syndrome of hand postoperative infection in, 676 and wrist, 409 Rheumatologic disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome from, Pus. See also Flexor tenosynovitis, purulent. 424 dishwater, 636 Ritampin, in leprosy, 616 in septic arthritis, 581 for Mycobacterium marinum infection, 620-621 Pyoderma gangrenosum, mimicking hand infection, 523 in osteomyelitis, 598 Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis. See Flexor tenosynovitis, for tuberculous infection, 615 pyogenic. Runyon groups, for mycobacteria other than Pyogenic granuloma, mimicking hand infection, tuberculosis, 619 520-521 Saccharomyces boulardii, 540 Rabies, 692-693 Salter-Harris classification of physeal injuries, 232-233 Radial head dislocations, congenital, 39-47 Sauve-Kapandji procedure, 260, 275-276 embryology, 39-40 history and indications, 268 historical perspective and current studies, 40-43 outcomes, 271 syndromes associated with, 39 pitfalls and complications, 269, 271 treatment, 43-46 as salvage procedure, 280-282 Radial head fractures, 308-309 technique, 268-269, 281-282 DRUJ dislocation with, 225-227 Schanz pins, in distal radius osteotomy, 242-243 Schinzel syndrome, 68 Radial head subluxation, idiopathic, 42 Scintigraphy, of distal ulna region, 195-198 Radialization, in radial longitudinal deficiency, 94-95 in osteomyelitis, 593 Radial longitudinal deficiency, 85-99 Scorpion stings, 705-706 anomalies associated with, 86-87 Semmes-Weinstein monofilament tests, in carpal tunnel muscular and neurovascular deficiencies, 87-88 syndrome, 425-426 skeletal deficiency, 88 SENIC risk index, 533 clinical picture, 85-86 Sensibility testing, in carpal tunnel syndrome, 424-426 etiology, 85 Sensory examination, of ulnar side of wrist, 178 incidence, 85 Septic arthritis of hand and wrist, 579-587 treatment, 90-92 diagnosis, 579-580 centralization complications, 93-94 differential diagnosis, 580-581 centralization technique, 92-93 microbiology, 581-582 radialization, 94-95 pathology, 581 recent contributions, 95-98 prognosis, 585-586 Radial nerve decompression, in Volkmann’s ischemic salvage procedures, 586 contracture, 490-491 sporotrichosis, 609 Radial polydactyly, 17-27 treatment, antibiotics, 584-585 etiology, 17-18 surgical, 582-584 treatment, 20-24 Septic thrombophlebitis, 537-538 complications, 24-26 Serratia, in septic arthritis, 585 Radial tilt, 240 Shark bites, 707-708 Radiography, of distal ulna region, 191-194 Shear examination of lunatotriquetral joint, 182-183 of ulnocarpal abutment, 253-254 Shoulder abduction, in spastic hemiplegia, treatment of, in osteomyelitis, 593 126 Radioulnar interosseous membrane, anatomy of, 173 Sigmoid notch, 161, 166-167, 240 Radioulnar joint, distal. See Distal radioulnar joint. Silhouette capsulectomy, 312 proximal, 306 Silicone synovitis, mimicking hand infection, 526 Radioulnar ligaments, 168-169 Single-photon emission computed tomography, of distal Radioulnocarpal joint, anatomy and biomechanics, ulna region, 197 165-176 Skeletal pathology about ulnar side of wrist, Radius, distal. See Distal radius fractures; Distal radius examination of, 178-181 osteotomy. Skeletal reconstruction, in osteomyelitis, 595 divergent dislocation of, 314 Skunk bites, 696 inclination, 240 Slit-catheter technique, of intramuscular pressure length, 240 measurement, 378