Ths8de by Catberg WaroBd Jacob& Lieutenant, Udted State@ -Pr Force h Pardnl FulfilBx~ents f the Regulrez~enta For the Ceyreo af I:ersmut%calZ ngfneer *ns f~aly~aif ab asic research actidtiso in tkxe .",ersspace inda@&riy~ pre~eatcd*2 - d~Wilcd~ eadyof Boeing, @oavalz, L~ekhee4 aa& P O U ~P~~3dGb~ aetex~& za~Iva&n d widely vaz$ng approaches basid: reoearck in %as@ 4=oz~";~nies, The esQb9lieiz~eato f 8 sue;l~e~~Tfu~Bs ~rec s earch o r g a d ~ z d ~ n On azy et3vi~onixasnti s z eequenad prsce~ss ~~bjs@ct a maag prsblam~ a d @ @&back@Th, e airf~ameco r;opaud@r;a,a ~ ~ mgakhing proml~ing progssos toward %is goal, s ~ ,Ebye a long way S;a ga, The hba~aag hazard@a ssociated w$%h& %a a@ro@ps%bcaeaa iness &reatba the fled@ing 'tba~bicr esearch orgdzaG@a@a, nd I belleve It kvflJ be the sxcspticon avad. not &kt? rule Olat sowd bee%cr eacarch ac%idty rssdt, E. Beasfc Reaea~ch New ts &a Aerospace hdkgsfry 3 2, ?:&-hat Factor@G auged t1-w PJew @mp&"8560i2s3 Basic R e ~ e a r ~ h3 3. asbidlions of Ressa~ehin Indastrgp 6 4. ChseUKEication of R~searchkk ceB~tiss 7 5. The F;'imribeSal O a p ~ rotf Corprata Basic Zeseareh 9 6. The EgsvirommenseE $ 0B~ae fc Research 8.2 9. The FraB1em of Evdaaaon 17 8, The Expected Benefits of Company Basic Research 19 Basearch a$ Douglas The Douglas Scisnkific Seoe~zrchL abratory (Pak~iw~ed) The Lacmeed Mfgsiles m d Space Blidslon Research Brsaca-8 (LkSQ) 1, 3asfc Research FexnLk as a Gazr~~mnsnoft Total R and 27 D Funde in US.-t, 3-6. fnter~eetorafT ran~fer0 9 F u d o for 2aoic Research, 34 4, Eraskdswn of Funds Speak sn Basic Zasaarch for Life 36 Sciensse a d P hy~sltcaPS eieacas by Seetor. 5, Fwd&f ar Basic Research Perfar~~aaebye &2du@try, 37 6, United States /Zf s~csafka nd Nios ile Prsdueti~n,V alue 41 of Product. Basic research is Zefined by the Natiow1 Sci~nceF ow&$fon ".. . projects axat represent origiml inv~.s .s tigatiofo r the advagsce;men$ sf ocientiff c bawledge, %whichd o mot have apscgic con21~s~ciaSa;28 bjec$dvag, alek%ough they may be ia field8 of presene or wten~alh terest to the Q~p~nsarfncggdJxfm ~ngb, Ba8Oc regearch 68 research fn which $he prlin~arys irs of the inve~agator is a fuller ka~w1edgso r mds;8~sbndfngof the @abject mder stady, ra&e~ti zan the practied applic~ttien the reof. The conduct ai$:i ndugtrial ba~$%~ce ~ e a cra~mhe$ be separa%;@d from %hee commercial objec~veso f the compmiss at epsoslpar it, The recent emphasis sn biaaeslc research in the aasospce tadustry has generated naw eondtiions and consbdsra~os~.A rough coot ratio of Pmtmr$ant recognize &a$ ba,s%c~ @aearc&is. a~ efaG*sallym uch le~sss expaneive an applied research and developrneat, TBs cast d aapprt- fag a ba~her esearch projact le about half of the ta-1 ca@&, tka o&@r T h i ~f - e ~ ris* c oncerned ~pccificallyw ith the @copea nd natksra d bs~lar:e aea~cha c~vitleoi n dour asarospcs companieg (Bebeing, Goavair, Douglas, and EscUsad). The idsrfi3ation preeeated f drawn i~s asrad acfe n~ote% ran3h dust ry, ~aiver@i6es,a nd the gosrermene. My original objective was to dstesxnfns how ba~ier esearch resdtms: find &efr way into ixaproved aerospace produce@, TUB ~t$j~d~r '2 and development. IE decided to limit the finaaP report spacificdly to the problems and practice of basic research in the %oura erospace comnpade s. In the first ~ectiojn, which cont&n@ my p9-incigd qraalitaave ctbservaaoas and concfusHont3, IZ have attempted to separafCe and ascuss some of the elemento of the ~xatrixa f complex factors that idluencc? basic research in the aerospace industry. In the oecond aec~onP have briefly sammoriaed the. efient of basic research segdties in the United States, The scope, nature .sad *etri'Bsu~c;~raof. such acti~tieoa re oterdsd, and apparent trends are identified. In the tlajird eectfon I have briefly aumms~zedth e busina~a pasture the aerospace industry. An uraderes$lm&ag of the character- C P ~ iatiaso of the; induetry f e a prsrequf site for studying Ite basic reoaarch aetidty. The find section is a detdled description of the basic research actidty in the four compmies selected for study, I obtaned thio infor- mation from cormfcarenceo dth campmy research amagers md scientists. 21 generally started d t k the highset research mmager in the campmy ~ t auhth ority over basic research, and then follov~edh ie re?comrnsndation~in interdewinp ao many research mmagers a d . ocienti sts aa gos sible I encouraged discussion dong devslopii9ag Iliaas of interest rather than ts follow a predetermined agenda (&though tMs procedure makes vakid ~~mpardsoa&fsf ieul&). f &so tdked 4th -mmy executives wha were not &rectlg respnsible for basic reeearch. My main attempt was to get a Peeling for the research attibde, a c ~ ~ t y , and andronme;rat in the cgampmies. B. Zaeic Research is New -n?' .1- and the a%iva~e~ithiea@d b ean the was little iacentive for iadfddual ccsr~3panbeat o dupPf cate ss supple .- ~sen%th e excellent scientific reoults being provided dthsut direct expense to cornpaaye The aircraft tndu@$ryg ae@wa nd expaaded by con^ u:ming govesamant and dverdlty redeareh T,FP@BUIQET~ 2, :a.coAzplexc oz-i~bhxati~onf % a ~ tin~terf-r~ela~ted and acGng concurrently, cau@adf ie aircraft companies %ai nveot incraasingly in - i~olatea nd judgs indipsidml elexments (:it $he riek of bslng wrong or j3mp0rant ~fngle$ &~torT. he intenoe n;fli&-ry c0~2patftion between the U. ,S, and U.5, S. R. forced a rapid aceelera~~n in the development of new weapons o-uysten7aBw i in~cre ased bask research of $hair own. sf Ruosiaa technic21 eoi:2patence brought 4 the x:,_;a't-ter of basic research into the -whiecrs,ii arena, $ha congressional claz?or thzt easced, and tha bricl ;sublicr: istorest and reepnse, 9~wsredin cxeaa2d ~npporstf baoic resear eh (:;owever definer?). Lr $-,his ~enexaUyia va34rzbk 8zekin.g $0 e:qand research activities 'road a recep* 02 the policy of $9~6p revious year ($85?), coc~pug.b aoic ~esanschc xpendbtu~esw are encouraged and supporte; Ly $ 2 ~ QEP near record Zovels, thus favaring facraz,sed compazy hvesbent in bade research. htfost 0.: Gic krge aircrafe scientific p@rs%ars~aeb'8o.a t which ts expad. companies to do rrAachZ A-lore their own ~esearch, Vfith the advent of the rnis sile era, the zpeoearch 7mhawlL@dge 8radftiw~'aiewp rovide%b y NAG 4 aad the dvergitlee ba- camo Onadeq~ade. -kiss, the trend towsrd dec~aaai~g lead-time batween ~eieatbficd iscovery lzad app1icati;ion made it deairabhe to have some f s - ~ ~bsaslic re~earcha ctivity within the ~01%pad@8b, oth for it@d irect cosntribntioj-i ssf 5 tec%.,afc&r c~dts,a nd as the best way of keeping up xrAth ,vh3.$ was going i;on generoUy in relevant s c i e ~ a ~fiieel d&. c. The dacreaaod Bi:-;ie h t ~ ~b~eMz els ~ba sic research w d XWCSPQs~y~~ teiad evelspc~en4c oupled with far contracts tended to be baaad ,more on pralPmk~~%ry stadyr and s~aa~arehth,a n. oa traditfoad pgoven perfe9r~- aBeo oP p;r.sbowp@s. & I general, much maze dewiled enced its conobderation. T h i ~tr end encouraged compada~ bigHx8y ~pecialieadc a-iinpanies su~easefuflyc wi~2etsdP ar components in~taadof ent9rc weapon8 system@. 3:Jidely var@ng aaftudea and 1xbe$h8daO E research came ingo @omdp@$itio&a @ the r~taregntf miPfQry weapha,~c ~?,zB~B~. idso, the n a ~ b esrf csr-5pc%Bngc s~&>pmiien@cr eased fnster tlxm the nvnifabPa i&q&o. the htsnsuying eor~jpeti6oqg ;.orapmfe s %!xi$c odd ocll %.heir reta~ar~h co~r~peteac(ei rrseprc~vcof it@r eal value) tenaed to :>r~spera $ $ha expanse of the rest. g. Finally, a result, air1 ra::-e cor~s%panief as md therfio elves laeking in maay areas of a cf en~ficho wledge and eap~bility, '&'it11 42h.e new irnporta~ceo f taciu4eal presage, conqganieo fo.mx3, it desirable to establish honacg?m a ~ rye ~earch actidtiee Qincluangb zc fe reoeareb) foxz:erly csnducted . for &hem by NLGA and bke wivereities 3. Defidtiono of E Lx the aerospace cos~~panic;sG,S QS& reaefzrch :managers dsfba baoic research a@ fundaxaental research \vherakr%t he primary tn8;a~est of kvesagsto~h5. directed at iacreaeiuag :;nawiladge and @nder@bd- iag o$ :, physical end ~~eoretfczpl$e no~.s%e%?m.',, oarpki~ingn umbev slso hcludo a defensive efatac3cnt indicating that "weic rsaearch 98 XLOB prodact or p;i7ocese ra3abe$-* ha@ n0 UBBIpUu~r ~ m ~ore p lamed ; Z X ~ . . a;apEczGon. (Thereby implying by daLPsaitisg that $$a ~essarchi ts@Z io reaUy U E B ~ ~ S S the corlwratisa!). d research ba deliaed as research di~ectedo pasibically at a produc-$a r proceea -related problem area, h@ deffmd as a combha~onof enginaerhg and reeearch affores fn apecifie prsblarg~a raa@a f$sr a project or prePceBt4s is we11 mder v~ayin te~imssf cosporatioma aEos$.. Fabricagoa of a pra%aOypee nd ~ ~ ogsu%b~ eq~entetcE mdcz1 effort is usually called develop- =eat, Cevelop-.-ien&c csa$inuce is and through the produt~g~~ne aga,t he research fanc&an decreasing a@ the ezcperleace factor grows.