1 W W HO’S HO 52 H ’ M I C OF ISTORY S OST NTRIGUING HARACTERS PHIL MASTERS Compiled and edited by Written by PHIL MASTERS and theWHOOLIGANS . . . Seth Bernstein, Geoffrey Brent, Benedict Chapman, Peter Chen, Michael Cule, Peter V. Dell’Orto, Jack Elmy, Shawn A. Fisher, Kenneth Hite, Leonardo M. Holschuh, Victor D. Infante, J. Hunter Johnson, andi jones, Phil Masters, Matthew Michalak, Hans Rancke-Madsen, Craig Neumeier, Gareth L. Owen, Tim Pollard, Matthew Rice, Matt Riggsby, T. Carter Ross, Alexander Shearer, Brian C. Smithson, William H. Stoddard, Larry Strome, Andy Vetromile, David Walker, Alik S. Widge, and John G. Wood. Illustrated by DAN SMITH, ANDI JONES, SCOTT REEVES, JOHN GRIGNI, JACK ELMY, andERIC HOTZ Cover art by DAN SMITH Cover design by JACK ELMY GURPSSystem Design zSTEVE JACKSON Managing Editor zALAIN H. DAWSON GURPSLine Editor zSEAN PUNCH Design and Production zJACK ELMY Production Assistance zJEREMY ZAUDER Print Buying zRUSSELL GODWIN Art Direction zLOREN WISEMAN GURPSErrata Coordinator zMICHAEL BOWMAN Chief Operations Officer & Sales Manager zGENE SEABOLT Playtesting and Additional Material Benedict Chapman, Nelson Cunnington, Chris Davies, Peter V. Dell’Orto, Thomas Devine, Mark Emmert, Fabian Gentner, Caleb Hanson, Kenneth Hite, Bob Huss, Victor D. Infante, Paul Jackson, J. Hunter Johnson, Andrew Jones, Sam Lindsay-Levine, Berislav Lopac, John Macek, Matthew Michalak, Gareth Owen, Tim Pollard, Sean Punch, Matt Riggsby, T. Carter Ross, Brian C. Smithson, William Stoddard, Andy Vetromile, and Paul Whiteley. GURPSand the all-seeing pyramid are registered trademarks of Steve Jackson Games Incorporated. GURPSWho’s Who,Pyramidand Illuminati Online and the names of all products published by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated are registered trademarks or trademarks of Steve Jackson Games Incorporated, or used under license. GURPSWho’s Who is copyright ©1999 by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated. All rights reserved. Some art copyright www.arttoday.com. ISBN 1-55634-367-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 STEVE JACKSON GAMES CONTENTS INTRODUCTION......................... 3 Leif Eriksson(970-1020) “Leif the Lucky,” About the Compiler......................................3 Norse discoverer of America......................42 About GURPS..............................................3 Harald Hardradi(1015-1066) 1. BIRTH, LUCK, AND GENIUS.... 4 Mercenary, wanderer, poet, king – the last Viking..................................44 Kings, Saints, Generals, and Poets.................5 Alexius I(1056-1118) Historical Impact..........................................5 The Byzantine emperor who Selection Criteria.........................................5 started the Crusades....................................46 Great Men as NPCs......................................6 William Marshal(1144-1219) 104 Most Important People in History........6 Knight, tournament champion, Great Men as PCs.........................................7 regent of England........................................48 Robert Clive (Clive of India)(1725-1774) Playing Variations: Changing History..........9 Ibn Battuta(1304-1368) Founder of British ascendancy in India.....90 Assassination................................................9 75,000 miles traveled – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) in the Middle Ages......................................50 Possibly the greatest composer Malleability Rating and the Great...............9 Geoffrey Chaucer(c.1342-1400) in history....................................................92 Great Men or Irresistible Forces...............10 Courtier, poet, and observer of his world...52 Aaron Burr, Jr.(1756-1836) Saving Lives and Extending Lifespans......10 Joan of Arc(1412-1431) Politician, duelist – and plotter..................94 Diversions and Distractions.......................10 The teen-age saint and martyr ....................54 Shaka Zulu(c.1787-1828) Dropping Hints...........................................11 Vlad Tepes(1431-1476) Conquering Zulu king................................96 The original Dracula – more terrifying Lord Byron(1788-1824) 2. THE ANCIENT WORLD than any vampire.........................................56 A poet dangerous – but irresistible – AND DARK AGES..................12 to know.......................................................98 4. THE HIGH RENAISSANCE.....58 Who Might Have Been?..............................13 Charles Darwin(1809-1882) Who Might Have Been?..............................59 Brilliant naturalist and Akhenaten(c.1388 B.C.-1362 B.C.) Heretic pharaoh, dedicated monotheist......14 Leonardo Da Vinci(1452-1519) Theorist of Evolution...............................100 Renaissance genius.....................................60 Emperor Norton(1818-1880) David ben-Jesse (c.1040 B.C.-968 B.C.) Shepherd, warrior, bandit, Hernán Cortés(1485-1547) The first and last Emperor king, and psalmist......................................16 Conqueror of Mexico..................................62 of the United States..................................102 Cyrus the Great(6th century B.C.) Paracelsus(1493-1541) Lola Montez(1820-1861) Founder of Persia, dedicated unifier..........18 Doctor, alchemist, and larger-than-life......64 Dancer, courtesan, and Xenophon (431 B.C.-c.351 B.C.) Catherine di Medici(1519-1589) professional celebrity...............................104 Soldier, writer, and Consummate politician and Harriet Tubman(c.1820-1913) leader of the Ten Thousand........................20 power behind the French throne................66 “Moses of her people,” slave, Aristotle(384 B.C.-322 B.C.) John Dee(1527-1608) slave-rescuer, and spy..............................106 “The master of those who know”...............22 Scholar, Magus, Con-Man, Victim............68 Sir Richard Burton(1821-1890) Alexander the Great(356 B.C.-323 B.C.) Elizabeth I(1533-1603) Traveler, linguist, soldier, spy, writer......108 Empire-builder and The Queen who gave England greatness...70 Nikola Tesla(1856-1943) greatest of generals....................................24 Tokugawa Ieyasu(1543-1616) Inventor-scientist with his Ch’in Shih Huang Ti (259 B.C.-210 B.C.) Unifier of Japan..........................................72 own unique vision....................................110 Paranoid book-burner, Tycho Brahe(1546-1601) Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936) and unifier of China...................................26 Genius astronomer, noble, and eccentric...74 The voice of the British Empire...............112 Julius Caesar(102 B.C.-44 B.C.) William Shakespeare(1564-1616) Alberto Santos Dumont (1873-1932) First of the Caesars, The greatest playwright in history?............76 A pioneer aviator from Brazil..................114 conqueror and politician............................28 Cardinal Richelieu(1585-1642) Mata Hari (1876-1917) Boudica(c. A.D. 25-60) The ultimate manipulator, Lived by her looks, died as a spy, Warrior-queen, leader of the true ruler of France.....................................78 left her name to the world........................116 British revolt against Rome.......................30 Oliver Cromwell(1599-1658) Albert Einstein(1879-1955) Constantine the Great(c.274-337) Puritan revolutionary, The famed father of relativity..................118 First Christian Roman Emperor.................32 Lord Protector of England.........................80 “Two-Gun” Cohen(1887-1970) Justinian I(482-565) Peter the Great(1672-1725) London street-kid turned Law-giving emperor, The unstoppable Tsar who bodyguard-fixer – in China......................120 shaper of Byzantium..................................34 turned Russia westwards............................82 Howard Phillips Lovecraft (1890-1937) Theodora (497-548) Bartholomew Roberts(c.1682-1722) Visionary teller of Weird Tales.................122 Actress risen to empress, The realDread Pirate Roberts...................84 APPENDICES.......................... 124 and Justinian’s formidable wife.................36 5. FROM ENLIGHTENMENT A: Other Significant Figures......................124 3.THE MIDDLE AGES............. 38 TO MODERNITY...................86 B: Games Mechanics & the Great..............125 Who Might Have Been?..............................39 Who Might Have Been?..............................87 Attributes and Aptitudes...........................125 Sei Shonagon(966-1013) Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790) Other Features...........................................125 Courtly Japanese writer of Scientist, writer, and emissary of the exquisite sensitivity.....................................40 American Revolution.................................88 INDEX....................................128 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A GURPS BOUT Steve Jackson Games is committed to full support of the GURPSsystem. Our address is SJ Games, Box 18957, Austin, TX 78760. Welcome to what we intend to be the first in a series of books presenting note- Please include a self-addressed, stamped worthy historical figures in GURPSterms, for use in games. envelope (SASE) any time you write us! Resources now available include: Historical and time-travel fiction often include appearances by historical fig- Pyramid (www.sjgames.com/pyramid). ures, in anything from cameo appearances to starring roles, and it is therefore logical Our online magazine includes new rules and for these kinds of RPGs to do the same. Historical figures can also make interesting articles for GURPS. It also covers the role-models. However, working such ideas into games requires a certain amount of hobby’s top games – AD&D, Traveller, information, and ideally a prepared character sheet, which can represent a lot of World of Darkness, Call of Cthulhu, Shadowrun,and many more – and other SJ work for a GM. This book reduces that work, and introduces some fascinating real- Games releases like In Nomine, INWO, world figures for game use. Car Wars, Toon, Ogre Miniatures, and A single writer would face a titanic task in preparing these 50-odd character more. And Pyramid subscribers also have sheets and biographies. Fortunately, however, we had a lot of keen and scholarly access to playtest files online, to see (and GURPS fans, and the Internet. The figures presented here are the work of a number comment on) new books before they’re released. of contributors. These folks worked for the love of GURPSand of history, and only New supplements and adventures. GURPS rather limited reward. The book is therefore dedicated, unusually but appropriately, continues to grow, and we’ll be happy to let to its own creators. you know what’s new. A current catalog is available for an SASE. Or check out our Web site (below). Errata.Everyone makes mistakes, includ- ing us – but we do our best to fix our errors. Up-to-date errata sheets for all GURPS releases, including this book, are always available from SJ Games; be sure to include an SASE with your request. Or download them from the Web – see below. Q&A.We do our best to answer any game question accompanied by an SASE. Gamer input. We value your comments. We will consider them, not only for new products, but also when we update this book on later printings! Internet.Visit us on the World Wide Web at www.sjgames.comfor an online catalog, errata, and updates, and hundreds of pages of information. We also have conferences on Compuserve and AOL. GURPS has its own Usenet group, too: rec.games.frp.gurps. GURPSnet.Much of the online discussion of GURPS happens on this e-mail list. To A C BOUT THE OMPILER join, send mail to [email protected] with “subscribe GURPSnet-L” in the body, or Phil Masters was born into a middle-class British family in 1959. His education point your World Wide Web browser to: www.io.com/GURPSnet/www. included a degree in economics from Trinity College, Cambridge – the same institu- The GURPS Who’s Who 1web page is at: tion previously attended by Sir Isaac Newton and, closer to Masters’ time, by Prince www.sjgames.com/gurps/books/whoswho1 Charles. While still at university, Masters produced his first professional work in the roleplaying industry – an article which appeared in White Dwarf magazine in 1980. Over the next few years, he developed a dual career as a seemingly unremarkable computer programmer and as an RPG writer. He also married (his wife worked as an P R AGE EFERENCES engineer in the aerospace industry) and settled in a small town in south-east England. See GURPS Compendium I,p. 181, for a full list of abbreviations for GURPStitles. In 1993, it emerged that Masters had forged links with Steve Jackson Games, Any page reference that begins with a B who published his GURPS Arabian Nights. Masters went on to claim joint credit refers to GURPS Basic Set, Third Edition for GURPS Places of Mystery and GURPS Discworld before taking a supervisory Revised;e.g., p. B144 refers to page 144 of role on GURPS Who’s Who; he also freelanced for other companies including Basic Set. CI refers to Compendium I, CII White Wolf and Hero Games. to Compendium II,AN to Arabian Nights, and TT to Time Travel. Time travelers will find Masters mostly typical of his period and cultural back- ground, if slightly eccentric; photographs show him to be a little under six feet tall, clean-shaven, and wearing glasses. In the event of combat or other violent excite- ment, he will probably freeze up or run away. 3 INTRODUCTION C H A P T E R 1 Birth, Luck, Genius and 4 BIRTH, LUCK, AND GENIUS Before we meet the characters in this book, it’s worth taking a look at the place of “great” individuals in history, and hence in historical and time-travel games. Kings, Saints, S C ELECTION RITERIA The characters detailed in this book are Generals, and Poets not “the most important people in history”; they are simply characters we decided would be interesting for PCs to meet – To begin with; this is a book about people in history. It includes artists, philoso- including criminals, artists, and thinkers as well as conquerors and kings. They are phers, and writers, as well as conquerors and kings. The latter doubtless have more mostly historically significant in some way, immediate and obvious impact, on more lives, then the former (aside from anything but not necessarily first in their fields; we else, they tend to terminatemore lives), but there are several good reasons to look at would always choose a flawed artist, tavern a wider range of individuals for game purposes. brawler, and part-time spy over a more per- fectly creative individual who never got out H I of the house. First and foremost, these are ISTORICAL MPACT potential patrons, enemies, role-models and drinking-buddies. Put it this way; what makes an individual important to history? We also restricted ourselves to individu- That’s actually a tricky question. If time is “Chaotic” (see the sidebar, p. 9), als whose character sheets could be at least everyone is “important.” Changing the lives of conquerors and kings may have big- 50% verifiable against sources, and prefer- ably 75%. Any competent GM can make up ger effects sooner, but the real difference is small. This is a logical idea, but it’s a obscure, under-documented historical fig- poor basis for games. It’s better to take the same viewpoint that people living within ures from whole cloth. history generally take for practical purposes: that certain things and people are more And we had a very short list of charac- significant than others. ters we wouldn’t include; the founders of So – what makes for “significance”? To start with, some artists and thinkers the world’s great living religions. This was partly a matter of not giving offense; we may have at least as much long termsignificance as rulers and generals. Philosophy don’t mind annoying readers a bit, but not to and mathematics contribute to science, which can lead – however indirectly – to the point of spoiling the book for those who technological developments; poetry can inspire political ideas, ranging from dynam- take their faith seriously. More to the point, ic imperial expansionism to dreams of equality and democracy; the rise and fall of such figures are inevitably wrapped up in religious belief can influence people’s every act across centuries. Without Greek too much debate. Bluntly, they are viewed by different modern folks as anything from philosophy, the science that built the modern world, and the democracy that domi- vessels of divine power to self-deluding nut- nates much of it, might not have been able to develop. Without Shakespeare’s com- cases. Any character sheet would therefore bination of brilliant poetry and Tudor propaganda, would Britain have displayed be debatable, and we didn’t have space to quite such extraordinary self-confidence for so many centuries? It is perhaps harder cover all the possibilities. If you want to to trace the influence of such people than it is that of rulers, but it is very real. include such characters in your own games, go ahead – but note that your players may As the sidebars explain, our selection criteria for this book were based far more take issue with your versions. on interest value than on power. We wanted people who PCs would find interesting Oh, and being a provincial English bour- (or frightening, or confusing) to meet. Some of them, in fact, could make rather geois himself, the compiler despises good models for PCs; we deliberately looked for characters who might pass as RPG Baconians. Fnord. “adventurers.” These included warriors, but also spies with barely a combat skill to GAMEMECHANICS their name, witty rogues, and traveling doctors. Because of all the dungeon-plunder- ing, RPGs sometimes take a simplistic, violent definition of what makes an adven- Note that our contributors were given a rule about game mechanics; attributes are turer; looking at history provides alternatives. rated relative to the character’s own era. Frankly, conquerors and kings can be a little too similar to each other. There are Arguably, historical changes in standards of only so many skills that they actually need, and so many motivations for their diet and hygiene could lead to marked dif- actions. What’s more, they are likely to spend much of their time wrapped up in lay- ferences in some areas over time – but we ers of administration, and not concern themselves with the quirky activities of preferred to keep it simple, with 10 in all attributes and Average appearance as the adventurers. (There are some exceptions and examples in this book, though.) universal baseline. GMs bent on realism can Also, time travel games can involve research as well as battles for control of the adjust these scores as they see fit. time-stream. Even if the PCs are all fighter-spies, they may get sent in to retrieve Note also that skill costs allow for some careless researcher who got caught up in the court of the Borgia popes while defaults, and also for modifiers from advan- trying to study Leonardo’s early years. For that matter, these famous folk often rep- tages. (For example, high-Status characters have Savoir-Faire at IQ+2 for free.) resent an interesting route into the world of the great and good; being a noteworthy thinker, or hanging out with one, can be a good way to get into the highest social cir- cles. And – heck, these are games we’re talking about. When characters find them- selves adventuring through the courts of 18th-century Europe, the odd encounter with Voltaire or Casanova is fun. 5 BIRTH, LUCK, AND GENIUS G M NPC REAT EN AS S T 104 HE The snag with all this, from a GM’s point of view, is that the famous figures M I may be tricky to roleplay. Many are geniuses, and most are strong characters, of OST MPORTANT whom the players may well have clear mental images and a fair amount of knowl- P H ? EOPLE IN ISTORY edge. Conveying greatness can be hard work. Furthermore, game considerations may demand that certain things happen – or The characters in this book (and subse- don’t happen – around these NPCs. If the “Observer Effect” (p. TT45) or the plot quent volumes of GURPS Who’s Who) were chosen for their interest value, and for demand that they survive (or die), then that’s how it must be. all sorts of other arbitrary reasons. But who, There’s no simple rule to this; getting stuff to happen right, without blatant fix- in absolute terms, were the truly most ing, is just part of the skill of GMing. One thing that will usually be useful, however, importantpeople in history? is prior research; if you know your NPCs in detail, playing them is that much easier That’s a matter of personal judgement – and if you know why things happened as they did, making sure that they happen and highly controversial criteria. But after all the thought that went into this project, that way, despite the PCs, is often simplified. the compiler will, briefly, stand up and sug- Encountering the Eminent gest the names that he thinks might have made up GURPS Who’s Who, volumes 1 When roleplaying these encounters, the best idea is probably to avoid making and 2, if our criteria had been based on raw them feel too momentous. Relatively few of the famous walk round with visibly importance. No correspondence will be entered into . . . glowing auras. Conquerors and kings have their retinues, their uniforms and body- guards, and some big names build their fame on personal charm and charisma, but Continued on next page . . . many may seem extraordinarily ordinary at first glance. And spending a few min- utes swapping tavern chat with a nervous fellow just up from the country, only to have him mention on the way out that his name is Shakespeare, or discovering that the amused-looking gentleman in the bazaar of Abbasid Baghdad was in fact Haroun al-Rashid, proving as fond of incognito strolls as his legend claims, are clas- sic time travel story “bits.” But, amusement aside, there should be some point to encounters. The simplest possibility is a mission to protect the NPC, or to block his or her plans, or to inter- vene in or observe some incident in which the character was personally involved. The converse, in a time-travel game, might be a seemingly straightforward mission, unencumbered by any worries about keeping history straight or any “Observer Effect,” which suddenly turns complicated when a Big Name appears on the scene. In secret-history or conspiratorial games, the famous have an extra potential sig- nificance: they may hold some of the secrets. Deciding which noteworthy figures are as ignorant as anyone else, which are partly informed catspaws, and which are mages or Illuminati, is generally up to the GM. This can make for a lot of fun, although it’s probably better not to get too carried away; making every consumptive poet a secret vampire mastermind just gets tiresome after a while. As to conveying greatness when depicting characters – the trick is probably not to try too hard. It’s a fallacy to assume that genius is automatically accompanied by charisma and a burning gaze; in every field, it’s quite often down to Edison’s 99% perspiration. On the other hand, the 1% inspiration is rarer; the sudden flash of insight, the turn of phrase or perfect timing, can suddenly show why somebody made the history books, if the GM can convey it. Borrowing Characters There is another possible use for this book; historical figures can be borrowed, with adjustment, for use in fantasy or SF games. This may work best with rulers and leaders. Suppose that a GM has a kingdom in his fantasy world, and the PCs start taking an interest in local politics. The personali- ty of the ruler can be very important. Now, one couldsimply throw in the usual “wise old monarch” or “vicious tyrant,” but the players might spot that and yawn. So why not borrow from history? He or she could be a neurotic conqueror like Shih Huang Ti, a pious, methodical soldier like Saladin, or a hulking, opinionated progressive like Peter the Great. Or perhaps the place is actually run from behind the scenes by a sickly, brilliant Cardinal Richelieu, or a determined Catherine di Medici. The trick also works for other social positions, of course; why have just a rebel leader when you could base the character on the avenging Boudica or the theoreti- 6 BIRTH, LUCK, AND GENIUS T 104 cian Che Guevara? Why merely have faceless hangers-on round the court, when vis- HE iting PCs could face the terrors of a Sei Shonagon witticism, or the indiscretions of a M I OST MPORTANT Lola Montez? Will players believe that the rambunctious aristocrat with the silver P H ? prosthetic nose is actually the great scientist they are looking for, unless they happen EOPLE IN ISTORY to know about Tycho Brahe? ( ) CONTINUED One should not become too obsessed with this approach; sometimes, a great academic is just a quiet fellow in tweeds. Also, the character must fit the context; Abraham Lincoln, Adam Smith, Adolf Guevara operated in a world of complex ideologies, indirect international politics, Hitler, Albert Einstein, Alexander Fleming, and high-powered firearms, unimaginable to a medieval revolting peasant, while a Alexander Graham Bell, Alexander the modern Boudica might fight to have her story heard by the international press as Great, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Archimedes, Aristotle, well as butchering the hated occupier. But re-editing the character sheets in this Asoka, Augustus Caesar, Babur, Baibars, book for use in nonhistorical games is as good a use for them as any. Benjamin Franklin, Buddha, Cardinal Richelieu, Charlemagne, Charles Darwin, GREAT MEN AS PCS Ch’in Shih Huang Ti, Christopher Columbus, Confucius, Cyrus the Great, Edward Jenner, Enrico Fermi, Ernest One other option with historical figures is to use them as player characters. This Rutherford, Euclid, Ferdinand Magellan, may sound strange, but actually, it can make sense. Francis Bacon, Francisco Pizarro, Galileo To begin with, a fair amount of historical fiction takes real, well-known figures Galilei, Genghis Kahn, Gregor Mendel, as its central characters. Mostly, these books use their subjects’ careers as plots, but Guglielmo Marconi, Henry Ford, Hernán plenty find gaps and uncertainties which allow for some surprises and a bit more Cortés, Homer, Isaac Newton, James Clerk Maxwell, James Watt, Jean-Jacques action; playing up the adventurousness of a character’s early life is a particularly Rousseau, Jesus Christ, Johannes Guten- common trick. (There is even a small sub-genre of historical detective stories, giving berg, Johannes Kepler, John Calvin, John Shakespeare or Dr. Johnson secondary careers as sleuths.) There are also “secret his- Dalton, John Locke, Joseph Lister, Joseph tory” stories, in which famous figures become entangled with strange events; for Stalin, Julius Caesar, Justinian I, Karl Marx, example, Tim Powers’ The Stress of Her Regard pitches a swashbuckling Lord Lao-tzu, Lenin, Leonardo da Vinci, Leonhard Euler, Liu Pang, Louis Daguerre, Byron (among others) against some weird vampires. Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, Mahavira, And then there are a whole range of SF and science-fantasy stories that take Mani, Mao Tse-tung, Marie Curie, Martin such people completely out of their historical context and suggest how they’d react Luther, Max Planck, Menes, Michael in a very different world. One particularly spectacular example is Philip José Faraday, Michelangelo, Moses, Muham- Farmer’s “Riverworld” series (see GURPS Riverworld), wherein human beings mad, Napoleon Bonaparte, Niccolo Machia- velli, Nicolaus Copernicus, Nikolaus from throughout history are reborn on an artificial world with strange local ground- August Otto, Orville and Wilbur Wright rules. However, there are also alternate histories such as Gibson and Sterling’s The (joint entry), Otto von Bismarck, Peter the Difference Engine,in which Lord Byron became prime minister of Great Britain and Great, Plato, Pope Urban II, Queen Karl Marx ended up as leader of New York, and straightforward time travel tales. Elizabeth I, Queen Isabella I, René Games might involve time-traveling agencies recruiting “the best possible agents” – Descartes, Roger Bacon, Saladin, Sigmund Freud, Simon Bolivar, St. Augustine, St. people whose talent is a matter of historical record – from alternate timelines; those Paul, St. Thomas Aquinas, Sui Wen-ti, who died relatively young of now-curable causes might even be recruited from their Thomas Edison, Thomas Jefferson, Ts’ai deathbeds, with a simulacrum left in their place. Lun, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, Vasco da Gama, If a historically based game is going to cleave to known facts, then well-docu- Voltaire, Werner Heisenberg, Wilhelm mented individuals make poor PCs; the Game Master would have to control the plot Conrad Röntgen, William Harvey, William Shakespeare, William the Conqueror, to avoid changing history, and the players would feel that their freedom of action Zoroaster. was badly limited. On the other hand, slightly more obscure characters, and more melodramatic games, allow for more fun; Paracelsus, say, could be transformed into an adventurer in a swashbuckling game, while a courtier like Sei Shonagon could become involved in various super- natural or espionage plots that she would consider too unbelievable to mention in her diary. Of course, in alternate history, and settings such as the Riverworld, limitations are far looser (although players should always check with the Game Master before playing a histori- cal figure If historical individuals aredeployed as PCs, then some adapta- tion will be necessary. To begin with, the chances are that they will not have exactly the right starting point totals. Rulers and leaders make particularly difficult cases, because they tend to have very high totals, largely spent on Status and Rank; given that they also tend to have full-time jobs ruling and leading, they are generally poor choices all round. Less powerful figures are easier to use, but even they may have wildly divergent ratings. 7 BIRTH, LUCK, AND GENIUS Game Masters can handle this either by disregarding character points, or by requiring the players to tweak the chosen characters a little to bring their points into line. The latter also has the advantage that the character can often be made slightly more suitable as a protagonist; it’s usually not too unreasonable to suggest that “Only those of a certain mental someone might have learned a few combat skills, or possess a better IQ or DX than toughness find it easy to accept history happened to mention. (“Secret history” games might even give important the plentiful evidence that figures magical powers, used only out of sight of the public.) Of course, it’s easier to history is usually a random, increase than decrease point totals this way, and Game Masters may wish to start messy affair; that blunder, games involving “historical” PCs off at a higher base than usual. misjudgment and ignorance In games where such people are torn from their positions of power and dropped often play a far larger role in it into strange new situations, their game-mechanical form should change to reflect the than design.” new context. Powerful folk may lose their excessive social advantages, and disad- vantages such as poverty or Primitive may suddenly become appropriate. Exposure – Mark Twain to new conditions may also bring advantages; for example, a historical figure kid- napped to the future by time travelers may have diseases and other health problems cured. BIRTH, LUCK, AND GENIUS