GUIDELINES FOR RECORDING HISTORIC SHIPS Third Edition: 2004 HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD HISTORIC AMERICAN LANDSCAPES SURVEY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY FOR HABS/HAER/HALS AND THE USE OF OTHER GUIDELINES The legislative authority of HABS/HAER/HALS is the 1935 Historic Sites Act (Public Law 74-292) and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act (Public Law 89-665), as amended in 1980 (Public Law 96-515). The guidelines should be used in conjunction with:  Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Architectural and Engineering Documentation as published in the Federal Register, Vol. 48, No. 190, Notices, pp. 44730-44734, generally known as HABS/HAER Standards.  Recording Historic Structures. John A. Burns, editor. Washington, D.C.: The AIA Press, 1989  HABS/HAER Guidelines: - HABS Historical Reports - HABS/HAER Guidelines: Recording Structures with HABS Measured Drawings (1995) - Historic American Engineering Record Field Instructions (1995) Transmitting HABS/HAER Documentation Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, NW - 2270 Washington, DC 20240 (202) 354-2167 First edition, September 1988. Second edition, September 1994. Third edition, January 2004. Cover: Inboard Profile Ship BALCLUTHA, San Francisco, California HAER No. CA-54 Reduced from portion of original 3/8" scale drawing delineated by Robbyn L. Jackson and Deborah J. Cooper, 1987. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior GUIDELINES FOR RECORDING HISTORIC SHIPS RICHARD K. ANDERSON, JR. THIRD EDITION 2004 EDITED BY TODD A. CROTEAU HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD HISTORIC AMERICAN LANDSCAPES SURVEY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON, D.C. CONTENTS Section 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preface 1.2 Acknowledgements Section 2: HISTORY 2.1 Historical Report Guidelines 2.2 Historical Reports 2.3 General Bibliography 2.4 Case Study Section 3: PHOTOGRAPHY 3.1 Photography Guidelines 3.2 Large-format Photography for Historic Ships 3.3 Preparation of Photographs for Transmittal to the Library of Congress Section 4: MEASURED DRAWINGS 4.1 Measured Drawings Guidelines 4.2 What's Involved 4.3 Field Methods 4.4 Field Notes 4.5 Field Photographs 4.6 Measured Drawings 4.7 Drawing Examples 4.8 References and Resources 4.9 Appendices Section 5: FIELD REPORTS 5.1 What to Consider Section 6: USING THE COLLECTION LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY FOR HABS/HAER/HALS AND THE USE OF OTHER GUIDELINES The legislative authority of HABS/HAER/HALS is the 1935 Historic Sites Act (Public Law 74-292) and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act (Public Law 89-665), as amended in 1980 (Public Law 96-515). The guidelines should be used in conjunction with: • Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Architectural and Engineering Documentation as published in the Federal Register, Vol. 48, No. 190, Notices, pp. 44730-44734, generally known as HABS/HAER Standards. • Recording Historic Structures. John A. Burns, editor. Washington, D.C.: The AIA Press, 1989 • HABS/HAER Guidelines: - HABS Historical Reports - HABS/HAER Guidelines: Recording Structures with HABS Measured Drawings (1995) - Historic American Engineering Record Field Instructions (1995) Transmitting HABS/HAER Documentation Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, NW - 2270 Washington, DC 20240 (202) 354-2167 First edition, September 1988. Second edition, September 1994. Third edition, January 2004. Cover: Inboard Profile Ship BALCLUTHA, San Francisco, California HAER No. CA-54 Reduced from portion of original 3/8" scale drawing delineated by Robbyn L. Jackson and Deborah J. Cooper, 1987. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior GUIDELINES FOR RECORDING HISTORIC SHIPS RICHARD K. ANDERSON, JR. THIRD EDITION 2004 EDITED BY TODD A. CROTEAU HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD HISTORIC AMERICAN LANDSCAPES SURVEY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON, D.C. CONTENTS Section 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preface 1.2 Acknowledgements Section 2: HISTORY 2.1 Historical Report Guidelines 2.2 Historical Reports 2.3 General Bibliography 2.4 Case Study Section 3: PHOTOGRAPHY 3.1 Photography Guidelines 3.2 Large-format Photography for Historic Ships 3.3 Preparation of Photographs for Transmittal to the Library of Congress Section 4: MEASURED DRAWINGS 4.1 Measured Drawings Guidelines 4.2 What's Involved 4.3 Field Methods 4.4 Field Notes 4.5 Field Photographs 4.6 Measured Drawings 4.7 Drawing Examples 4.8 References and Resources 4.9 Appendices Section 5: FIELD REPORTS 5.1 What to Consider Section 6: USING THE COLLECTION Section 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.3 Preface PREFACE Background. Nation-wide interest in maritime mandate. A national inventory of preserved history and the preservation or replication of historic vessels over 40 feet long was completed by the National Park Service, with the large historic ships has grown substantially in cooperation of numerous agencies and recent years. It has become apparent that museums. In 1987, the National Register of physical preservation of vessels will not be Historic Places published specific instructions feasible in a large number of cases, and that for nominating vessels to the National Register documentation-- (Bulletin #20: Nominating Historic Vessels and preservation “on paper”--will prove to be the Shipwrecks to the National Register of Historic most reasonable preservation method available. Places). The Historic American Engineering Where physical preservation of a ship is Record produced the Guidelines for Recording Historic Ships in 1988 in accordance with the undertaken, in most cases detailed established Secretary of the Interior’s Standards documentation must be made before for Architectural and Engineering stabilization, repairs, or other preservation Documentation. The Museum Small Craft measures can be safely undertaken. Such Association began development of guidelines for documentation is also a form of insurance documentation of historic small craft in 1988; against partial or total loss of a significant vessel Boats: A Manual for Their Documentation was to posterity should some catastrophe occur to the published in 1994 by the American Association vessel itself. for State and Local History. In 1990 the Maritime Preservation Program within the National Park Service published the Secretary of Americans have always held an interest in their the Interior’s Standards for Historic Vessel maritime history; however, efforts to preserve its Preservation Projects and 1990 Inventory of largest physical expression--the ships--have Large Preserved Historic Vessels. Many of these lagged behind preservation of small craft, publications were to form a part of the National artifacts, written historical documents, and Trust’s planned Manual for the Documentation folklore, with only a few important exceptions. of Historic Maritime Resources, which was to Led by the private and public sectors since the have included guidelines for documenting all 1960s, the national movement to preserve types of maritime-related tangible and intangible historic buildings has encouraged a similar resources. The Department of Maritime movement in maritime history on local and Preservation in the National Trust was national levels. The impetus for the following disbanded in 1993, and this publication was not HAER guidelines lies with the Standards issued. Committee of the National Maritime Heritage Task Force which met between September 1982 The Historic American Engineering Record and December 1983 under the auspices of the (HAER). The documentation of historic ships National Trust for Historic Preservation. The has a long history reflecting the influence of HAER guidelines were one of several related numerous motives, traditions, and important documents prepared in response to a 1985 individual authorities. The Historic American congressional mandate to “inventory maritime Engineering Record was established in the resources, recommend standards for their National Park Service in 1969 to create a public preservation, and recommend private and public record of the United States’ engineering and sector roles for that preservation.” Vigorous industrial patrimony. It is the companion discussion among American maritime museums, program to the widely known Historic American professionals, interest groups, and the National Buildings Survey (HABS), founded in 1933 to Park Service ensued in meeting the goals of this record historic architecture in the United States. reproduced for reference in Section 4.9. In order A new sibling to HABS and HAER, the Historic to make the kind and quantity of documentation American Landscapes Survey (HALS) was appropriate to the significance of a vessel, four established in 2000 to focus on documenting levels of effort are outlined in the standards. The designed or evolved landscapes. At its fullest, maritime guidelines presented here interpret the HAER documentation consists of three first three levels of the standards (Levels I - III) components--fully footnoted investigative for use in producing documentation acceptable histories, large-format photography, and detailed to the HAER collection. The fourth level, an measured drawings. Each component has inventory or survey card was recently inherent strengths the others lack, so that an discontinued, however, a survey can be integrated “package” focused on a specific site formatted to a Historic Report template. or ship becomes a powerful documentary tool; the ship itself is examined and treated as a HAER has attempted to base these guidelines on document every bit as important as historical the best of widely accepted, established records. Since all documentary efforts are professional practices in historical research, necessarily selective and interpretive, the HAER vessel documentation and measurement, guidelines help to elicit and capture the industrial archeology, documentary significant aspects of each vessel and present photography, and measured drawings. The them as clearly as possible. The final records are guidelines are not meant to be the final produced on archival materials having a authority, which all recorders must accept 500-year lifespan and are deposited in the regardless of affiliation or before which all HAER collection at the Prints and Photographs previous methods and products are to be seen as Division of the Library of Congress. inferior. HAER has attempted to draw on the tremendous wealth of previous examples and to Access to HAER Records. HAER records are make the guidelines as flexible and broadly in the public domain and are open for public applicable as possible. HAER anticipates their access. They may be copied and used for any acceptance by a wide range of authorities and purpose, with proper credit given to HAER and users, and trusts that they will prove useful for the National Park Service, as well as the non-HAER documentation projects. delineator, photographer, or historian. The collection can be searched and viewed online at Emphases. HAER documentation is the Library of Congress web site ABuilt in vessel-specific, and records should reflect what America@ at: is significant about the vessel. Where design is http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/h important--as it is expected to be in the majority abs_haer/. of cases--hull shape and/or vessel construction and propulsion should be highlighted as significance dictates. Measured drawings may Microfilm copies of the HAER collection are not be required in some cases, since significance available at more than 110 libraries and may inhere in some nondesign facts, such as institutions throughout the United States. For historical events or associations with important further information, write to the HAER persons. Existing drawings and records may also Reference Librarian, Prints and Photographs be sufficient to document historic conditions. Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC The HAER collection at the Library of Congress 20540. does not accept pre-existing or original materials (except as photocopies), but recognizes their Standards and Guidelines. In order to insure a great value and strongly encourages their uniform quality of content and presentation, the preservation by responsible repositories. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Architectural and Engineering Documentation In documenting ships, HAER intends to build on govern preparation of documents for inclusion in the work of the Historic American Merchant the HABS and HAER collections; they are