This page intentionally left blank Howard E. Evans, PhD Professor Emeritus of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy Department of Biomedical Sciences New York State College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca, New York Alexander de Lahunta, DVM, PhD, DACVIM, DACVP James Law Professor of Veterinary Anatomy, Emeritus Rye, New Hampshire 11830 Westline Industrial Drive St. Louis, Missouri 63146 GUIDE TO THE DISSECTION OF THE DOG, SEVENTH EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4377-0246-0 Copyright © 2010, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1988, 1980, 1971 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: healthpermissions@ elsevier.com. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www. elsevier.com.), by selecting Customer Support and then Obtaining Permissions. Notice Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment, and drug therapy may become neces- sary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindica- tions. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or prop- erty arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. The Publisher Evans, Howard E. (Howard Edward), 1922- Guide to the dissection of the dog / Howard E. Evans, Alexander de Lahunta.—7th ed. p cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4377-0246-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Dogs—Anatomy. 2. Dogs—Dissection I. de Lahunta, Alexander, 1932- II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Dogs—anatomy & histology—Laboratory Manuals. 2. Dissection—Laboratory Manuals. SF 767.D6 E92g 2010] QL813.D64M54 2010 636.7’0891--dc22 2009007948  Vice President and Publisher: Linda Duncan Publisher: Penny Rudolph Senior Developmental Editor: Shelly Stringer Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian Project Manager: John Casey Designer: Maggie Reid Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface This edition of Guide to the Dissection of the Dog has changed considerably since it was first published as a paperback in 1947 by Malcolm Miller, DVM, PhD, previously Professor and Head of the Department of Anatomy in the New York State Veterinary College at Cornell University. In 1971 Miller’s Guide to the Dissec- tion of the Dog by Evans and de Lahunta was published in a new format with ad- ditional illustrations. Subsequent editions altered the procedures for dissection, added illustrations, and gave instructions for palpation of the live dog. Several editions have been translated into Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese, and Korean. The present seventh edition is now in color and includes changes in over fifty figures and the addition of nine new ones. All terms used are from the latest, free electronic version of the fifth edition of Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. The purpose of this guide is to facilitate a thorough dissection so as to learn basic mammalian structure and specific features of the dog. We have attempted to emphasize what we believe is essential anatomical knowledge for a veteri- nary curriculum. The descriptions are based on the dissection of embalmed, arterially injected adult dogs of mixed breeds. A more detailed consideration of the structures dissected can be found in the third edition of Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog by Evans published in 1993 by WB Saunders Company. Howard E. Evans Alexander de Lahunta v This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments We are grateful to many students and colleagues throughout the world for their corrections and helpful suggestions for improvement. Of particular help were Professors Wally Cash of Kansas State; Anton Hoffman of Texas A & M; Elaine Coleman and Mahmoud Mansour of Auburn University; and Gheorghe Con- stantinescu at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. We have tried to strike a balance in detail so that teachers can choose what suits their courses best. Our teaching colleagues at Cornell—Abraham Bezuidenhout, Cornelia Farnum, Linda Mizer, John Hermanson, and Paul Maza—have been very help- ful. All of our former Deans—George Poppensiek, Robert Phemister, Edward Melby, Franklin Loew, and Donald Smith—have supported our efforts. Our present Dean, Michael Kotlikoff, continues to encourage us. Technical and cleri- cal support was cheerfully provided by Pamela Schenck and Jen Patterson. Our veterinary college librarians were very helpful, particularly Susanne Whitaker. Most of the illustrations were prepared by the late Marion Newson, RN, for- mer medical illustrator in the department of anatomy. Other drawings were made by former illustrators Pat Barrow, Louis Sadler, and William Hamilton. We especially thank Michael Simmons, the present College Illustrator, for his illustrations and skillful corrections. His services were provided by Katherine Edmondson, Assistant Dean for Learning and Instruction. vii This page intentionally left blank Contents 1 AnAtomicAl terminology, 1 Medical Etymology and Anatomical Nomenclature, 2 Directional Terms, 2 Dissection, 4 2 the SkeletAl And muSculAr SyStemS, 6 Bones of the Thoracic Limb, 7 Muscles of the Thoracic Limb, 15 Joints of the Thoracic Limb, 39 Bones of the Pelvic Limb, 41 Muscles of the Pelvic Limb, 50 Joints of the Pelvic Limb, 69 Bones of the Vertebral Column and Thorax, 75 Muscles of the Trunk and Neck, 81 Joints of the Axial Skeleton, 89 3 the neck, thorAx, And thorAcic limb, 93 Vessels and Nerves of the Neck, 94 Thorax, 97 Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System, 109 Heart and Pericardium, 115 Vessels and Nerves of the Thoracic Limb, 119 4 the Abdomen, PelviS, And Pelvic limb, 137 Vessels and Nerves of the Ventral and Lateral Parts of the Abdominal Wall, 138 Abdominal Viscera, 145 Pelvic Viscera, Vessels, and Nerves, 170 Vessels and Nerves of the Pelvic Limb, 186 5 the heAd, 208 The Skull, 209 Structures of the Head, 225 6 the nervouS SyStem, 262 Meninges, 263 Arteries, 264 Veins, 265 Brain, 267 Spinal Cord, 283 bibliography, 289 index, 291 ix