International Co-operative Alliance Guidance Notes to the Co-operative Principles Sewa Women’s Association co-operative, India Statement on the Co-operative Identity DefINItIoN of A Co-oPerAtIve A co-operative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise. Co-oPerAtIve vALUeS: Co-operatives are based on the values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity and solidarity. In the tradition of their founders, co-operative members believe in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others. Co-oPerAtIve PrINCIPLeS: the co-operative principles are guidelines by which co-operatives put their values into practice. 1. voLUNtAry AND oPeN MeMberShIP Co-operatives are voluntary organisations, open to all persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership, without gender, social, racial, political or religious discrimination. 2. DeMoCrAtIC MeMber CoNtroL Co-operatives are democratic organisations controlled by their members, who actively participate in setting their policies and making decisions. Men and women serving as elected representatives are accountable to the membership. In primary co-operatives members have equal voting rights (one member, one vote) and co-operatives at other levels are also organised in a democratic manner. 3. MeMber eCoNoMIC PArtICIPAtIoN Members contribute equitably to, and democratically control, the capital of their co-operative. At least part of that capital is usually the common property of the co-operative. Members usually receive limited compensation, if any, on capital subscribed as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any or all of the following purposes: developing their co-operative, possibly by setting up reserves, part of which at least would be indivisible; benefiting members in proportion to their transactions with the co-operative; and supporting other activities approved by the membership. 4. AUtoNoMy AND INDePeNDeNCe Co-operatives are autonomous, self-help organisations controlled by their members. If they enter into agreements with other organisations, including governments, or raise capital from external sources, they do so on terms that ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their co-operative autonomy. 5. eDUCAtIoN, trAINING AND INforMAtIoN Co-operatives provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers, and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their co-operatives. they inform the general public - particularly young people and opinion leaders - about the nature and benefits of co-operation. 6. Co-oPerAtIoN AMoNG Co-oPerAtIveS Co-operatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the co-operative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures. 7. CoNCerN for CoMMUNIty Co-operatives work for the sustainable development of their communities through policies approved by their members. Dedicated to the memory of Professor Ian MacPherson 1929 – 2013 Co-operative leader, academic, founder and President of the Canadian Co-operative Association Adviser to the Alliance on the Co-operative values and Principles Guidance Notes to the Co-operative Principles Guidance Notes to the Co-operative Principles table of Contents Statement on the Co-operative Identity ii foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xii INtroDUCtIoN 1 1st Principle: voluntary and open Membership 5 2nd Principle: Democratic Member Control 15 3rd Principle: Member economic Participation 29 4th Principle: Autonomy and Independence 45 5th Principle: education, training and Information 57 6th Principle: Co-operation among Co-operatives 71 7th Principle: Concern for Community 85 Abbreviations and Glossary 99 Statement on the Co-operative Identity 105 vii Copyright © International Co-operative Alliance 2015. reuse is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. Guidance Notes to the Co-operative Principles foreword the International Co-operative Alliance is the global steward of the Statement on the Co-operative Identity – the values and Principles of the co-operative movement – and is responsible for ensuring that the seven Principles that underpin co-operative enterprise can be appropriately interpreted. In that context, this document is long overdue. In recent years, much to the delight of co-operators, the Principles have gained in recognition and acknowledgement around the world. they are now quoted in public policy documents, United Nations and International Labour organisation texts, and are appended or integral to national legislation in many countries. When in 2011 the Americas region of the Alliance proposed that consideration be given to amending the 7th Principle, the impact this would have globally became plain to see. the debate in 2011 led us to recognise two things. firstly, that a process for amending the Principles was required. We established the Principles Committee – a group of Alliance Directors and expert advisers appointed by the Alliance board – to consider and advise on any future proposal to amend the Principles. the 2012 extraordinary General Assembly agreed that process: a process that is lovingly wrapped in care and time for thought. It respects the importance of the Principles that have been the globally recognised core of co-operative philosophy since 1844. Secondly, we recognised the need for more detailed updated guidance on the application of the Principles to the governance and operation of co-operatives in the 21st century, and tasked the Principles Committee with supervising its preparation. After three years of detailed and painstaking work by the Principles Committee, its expert advisors and the editor - painstaking work that has engaged the diverse voices of co-operators around the world - I am delighted to present that guidance to you in these Guidance Notes. they are ‘living’ in that they are specifically intended to be kept up to date over time as societies change, environmental concerns evolve, and as commercial and financial regulation and demands ebb and flow. they allow co-operatives themselves to fully grasp just what it means to be a co-operative in the world in which they are now working. they also provide guidance to those who have the task of registering, regulating, or supervising co-operatives in the local, national, and regional economies of the world. Co-operators believe that the people of the world should not be subjected to threat from the global economy, such as that of 2007. furthermore, they believe that a more diversified and pluralistic global economy is one way of ensuring that any future threat of this sort will be minimised. As part of its stewardship of the Statement on the Co-operative Identity, the Alliance is determined that a constructive and interactive dialogue should be encouraged between public authorities and co-operatives in support of that greater diversification through the healthy growth of co-operative enterprises at every level of the global economy. We trust that this document will be the catalyst for this dialogue now and in the future. Pauline Green, President, international Co-oPerative allianCe ix