Growing Older, Growing Wiser Book List “Growing Older, Growing Wiser” was developed in June, 2000, by Dr. Jeff Fox, assistant professor of English and Japanese and currently (2008) Executive Vice President/Chief Academic Officer of College of Southern Idaho. Book selections were made by the 1998 Idaho Let’s Talk About It theme development committee. Books: Crossing To Safety by Wallace Stegner (1987) Having Our Say by Sarah L. Delany and A. Elizabeth Delany with Amy Hill Hearth (1993) Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom (1997) Balsamroot: A Memoir by Mary Clearman Blew (1994) The Stone Angel by Margaret Laurence The Memory of Old Jack by Wendell Berry (1974) 1 Balsamroot: A Memoir by Mary Clearman Blew In this autobiographical novel, Blew writes of her Aunt Imogene’s gradual disorientation at age 81. Over a period of months, Imogene becomes infirm, and Blew sells Imogene’s home in Washington, relocates her in Idaho to be near, and then has to put her in an institution for patients suffering from advanced dementia and Alzheimer’s. But the journey with Aunt Imogene is also a journey for Blew, and her attempts to understand who her aunt has become lead her to examine Imogene’s and her own past, the joys and triumphs, the frustrations and heartbreaks over the years. In some ways, discovering her aunt’s story helps Blew resolve her own life. Part of this growth involves Blew’s own daughters, Elizabeth and Rachel, and their growing together through the struggles of helping Imogene. Author Information Mary Clearman Blew grew up in Montana and is a professor of English and creative writing at the University of Idaho in Moscow. Her works include the award-winning All But The Waltz: A Memoir of Five Generations in the Life of a Montana Family, Runaway: A Collection of Stories, Bone Deep: Writing, Reading, and Place. She is editor of Written on Water: Essays on Idaho River by Idaho Writers and co-editor of Circle of Women; An Anthology of Contemporary Western Women Writers. In discussions of her work, Blew uses the term “creative non-fiction” to describe her style. Her writing is a mixture of this creativity based in the realities of her life—her struggles to leave ranching life in Montana, her family histories, her own relationships. 2 Discussion Questions for Balsamroot 1. In this novel, Blew considers the dementia her Aunt Imogene is facing. She writes: What happens when the mind starts to wear out? I imagine the process as a dissolving of the layers between memories, like a wad of old photographs beginning to grow together...Or I imagine the process as the erasure of the line between past and present, until all experience exists simultaneously... Or I imagine my aunt falling through the hole in her mind. Coming to consciousness again in another time and place, in the smell of alkali and sagebrush, with nowhere to get out of the sun, with no sense of the future (14-15). In what ways do these ideas relate to “growing older, growing wiser”? 2. Imogene kept herself busy, always the aunt on the fringes of family. On page 192, Blew writes of Imogene’s “fear of being alone—the fear of annihilation” in connection with the way she lived her life. Comment on this idea. 3. On page 203, Blew writes “Hearts are not had as a gift, but hearts are earned—for years I would have disagreed with Yeats, believed that the only heart worth having was the heart that came as a gift.” How does this sentiment tie into Imogene’s life? Into Blew’s life? 4. What function do Imogene’s diaries serve in the novel for the reader? For the narrator? 3 Crossing to Safety by Wallace Stegner In the space of one day, narrator Larry Morgan tells a story of the history of friendship and marriage. The main characters are Morgan, his wife Sally, and Sid and Charity Lang. The novel moves from the present through the past in a long series of remembrances. As the story opens, Larry and Sally, now in their late 60s, have arrived at the Lang’s Vermont retreat, Battell Pond. They have come from their home in New Mexico to see their close friends Sid and Charity, who is dying of cancer. As the Morgans settle in for the night in one of the guest cabins, Larry as narrator takes us back to the beginnings of this great friendship, which began in Madison, Wisconsin, during the Depression. From this point, the novel moves between the present day and the past, and using the relationship of the Langs and the Morgans, Stegner defines the value of long friendship and the tribulations and the blessings of love over time. Author Information Wallace Stegner was born in 1909 and died in 1993. He traveled much of his youth throughout the American and Canadian West, and many of his works contain autobiographical aspects of his early family life and childhood. He also has written histories of the northern plains, biographies, and various essays. He attended the University of Utah and Harvard, and in 1945, he became Director of the Stanford Writing Project, a position he held for twenty years and which, under his influence, turned out many important writers. He garnered many awards and recognition for his work over the years, but his crowning achievement was winning the Pulitzer Prize for Literature with his novel Angle of Repose in 1971. All his life he was politically and socially active in environmental conservation, especially in the American West. About his novel Crossing To Safety, he says: I wrote it as sort of a memoir more for Mary [Stegner’s wife] and myself than for anything else, and I wasn’t at all sure I was ever going to publish it. Those people were our very close friends, and at the same time they had some problems which were very personal; and an honest portrait of them as honest as I could make it… But it was, really, in a way that no book of mine has ever been, an attempt to tell the absolute, unvarnished truth about other people and myself. Inevitably I found myself inventing scenes and suppressing things, and bringing things forward in order to make the story work because I guess my habits are incorrigible; but my intention, at least, was the utter, unvarnished truth… And also, I suppose, I had the mule-headed notion that it ought to be possible to make books out of something less than loud sensation. I was trying to make very small noises and to make them 4 thoughtful… (Stegner: Conversations on History and Literature by Wallace Stegner and Richard W. Etulain, xi-xii) Discussion Questions for Crossing to Safety 1. What is the meaning of the title, Crossing To Safety? 2. This is a story of four people and their relationships. Discuss each main character (Larry, Sally, Sid, and Charity) and their various relationships with each other. 3. On page 250 (Penguin edition), Sally says, “Youth hasn’t got anything to do with chronological age. It’s times of hope and happiness.” Discuss her words in terms of the characters in the novel aging. What about in terms of your own life? 4. Charity explains her dying with Sid, Larry, and Sally. “Dying’s an important event,” she said. “You can’t rehearse it. All you can do is try to prepare yourself and others. You can try to do it right (290). Discuss these ideas in terms of Charity’s need to control things and also in terms of your own perceptions of dying. 5. Near the end of the novel, Larry thinks the following. “If we could have foreseen the future during those good days in Madison where all this began, we might not have had the nerve to venture into it.” (340) Consider this thought, and then read from page 339 to the end of the book and discuss your ideas about the relationships in novel and also about your own life and relationships. 5 Having Our Say by Sarah L. Delany and A. Elizabeth Delany with Amy Hill Hearth Bessie and Sadie Delany were both over 100 years old in 1993 when Amy Hill Hearth interviewed them (Bessie died in 1995 at 104, and Sadie died in 1999 at the age of 109). So intriguing were the sisters’ stories that this book became a New York Times best seller, and another book, The Delany Sisters’ Book of Everyday Wisdom, followed in 1994. Having Our Say was made into a successful Broadway play in 1995 (nominated for three Tony awards) and recently presented on television, and this production received the Peabody Award. After Bessie passed away, Sadie wrote On My Own at 107: Reflections on a Life without Bessie in 1997. The book is the sisters’ oral history, culled from a series of interviews, and it is organized in rough chronology, beginning with the sisters’ earliest memories of growing up in Raleigh, North Carolina and ending with their contemporary lives in their home in Mount Vernon, New York. Growing up in Raleigh, the sisters attended St. Augustine’s School where their father (later to become the first black Episcopal bishop in the United States) was an administrator and their mother taught. The two sisters moved to New York City in 1917 to further their education. After graduating from Columbia University, Bessie became the second black woman licensed to practice dentistry in New York state in 1923; Sadie graduated in 1925 and became the first black home economics teacher in the New York City Public School system. Each sister freely acknowledges that her success was a result of the lessons and guidance of their parents and the closeness of family. Not only is this a book about growing older and wiser, but it is also a fascinating account of family life and pride, race relations, civil rights issues, and American rural and urban life through the last century. The sisters lived through the era of Jim Crow, the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Depression, two World Wars, the Korean War and Vietnam. They were alive when women gained the right to vote, and when civil rights laws were passed and enacted. They lived through the terrors of the KKK and the assassinations of John Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. Over the years, the Delany sisters knew some of the most influential people of the day, including Booker T. 6 Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Paul Robeson. Though over one hundred years old, Sadie speaks for both of them when she says, “In our dreams, we are always young… Truth is, we both forget we’re old,” (229). Author Information Amy Hill Hearth is a journalist who contributes to The New York Times. In addition to working on this book, she also worked with Sadie to produce On My Own at 107: Reflections on Life without Bessie in 1998. Discussion Questions for Having Our Say 1. Bessie, somewhat outspoken, and Sadie, persistent yet soft-spoken, represent two approaches to life in general and civil rights in particular. Discuss their views. 2. Bessie says, “When you get real old, honey, you realize there are certain things that just don’t matter anymore. You lay it all on the table. There’s a saying: Only little children and old folks tell the truth.” (203-204). Discuss these ideas. 3. Sadie reflects on her life, saying, “We buried so many people we’ve loved [They outlived all the members of their immediate family]. Most everyone we know has turned to dust. Well, there must be some reason we’re still here. That’s why we agreed to do this book; it gives us a sense of purpose. If it helps just one person, then it’s worth doing. That’s what Mama used to say.” (8) In what ways might this book have helped you? 4. Both sisters follow a daily routine of exercise (yoga), a proper diet, and prayer (230-231). Bessie says, “If you asked me the secret of longevity, I would tell you that you have to work at taking care of your health. But a lot of it’s attitude. I’m alive out of sheer determination, honey! Sometimes I think it=s my meanness that keeps me going.” (15). Discuss. 5. We all have access to detailed information about events in our world, and we can learn about virtually any subject through study of widely available resources. Is there a difference between this sort of knowledge acquisition and actually living it, as the Delany sisters had? Discuss. 7 The Memory of Old Jack by Wendell Berry Jack Beechum is the focus of this third-person narrative. The novel, one of the “Port William membership stories,” is set in Port William, Kentucky, in 1952 when Jack is 92 years old. The narrative takes place over the chronological period of but a day; however, the present tense narrative is punctuated by Jack’s reminiscences of the major events in his life. As Jack’s life unfolds throughout these flashbacks, his character and his impact on the history of the town and its people reveal Berry’s final message. This is at once a story of Jack and his life and times, but also the effect one man=s life has on those around him. In an interview with Jordan Fisher-Smith, Berry comments on the power of our histories. Well, if you didn't know any of the past, you literally wouldn't know anything. You'd have no language, no history, and so the first result would be a kind of personal incompleteness... But practicalities are involved also. If you had a settled, a really settled, thriving, locally adapted community, which we don't have anywhere, you wouldn't just be remembering the dead. You'd remember what they did and whether it worked or not. And so you'd have a kind of lexicon of possibilities that would tell you what you could do, what you could get away with, and what penalty to expect from what you couldn't get away with... So the memory that a community has of its dead, and of the pasts of the living would be a precious sort of manual—a kind of handbook, a kind of operator's manual for the use of the immediate place. That's the only kind of operator's manual for the world that we're going to have... It would be extremely local and extremely particular at its best, because it would consist of information about the history of various fields and patches of forest and that sort of thing. It would be too local to need to be preserved for any but the local posterity. Concerning intergenerational connections and responsibilities, Berry (himself a grandfather) says, 8 The obligation is very great and moves two ways. The old have an obligation to be exemplary, if they can—and since nobody can be completely exemplary, they also have an obligation to be intelligent about their failings. They're going to be remembered in one way or another, so they have an obligation to see that they're remembered not as a liability or a great burden, but as a help. And of course the young, the inheritors, have an obligation to remember these people and live up to them—be worthy of them. So it's an obligation that goes both ways, and it's inescapable. Once you become involved in this sequence of lives, there is no way to escape the responsibility. You inherit, and in turn you bequeath an inheritance of some kind. Jack Beechum spends all his days in the same place, never once venturing outside the area of Port William. The value of place has great meaning to him. Berry notes, And if you stay in a place and make connections, make relationships, you experience losses that are difficult to bear... What we're really talking about is faith, the faith being that if you make a commitment, and hang on until death, there are rewards. The rewards come. Nobody has ever said that this was easy to do, but I think that everybody who has done it has done it out of this faith that there are rewards. My experience suggests very powerfully to me that there are rewards. (Qtd. in Fisher-Smith interview, www.envirolink.org/enviroarts/interviews_and_conversations/WendellBerry.html) Author Information Contemporary author Wendell Berry has written over thirty-two books including novels, collections of poetry, and occasional essays. He is also a teacher (formerly a professor of English at Kentucky State University), a preserver of local lore, an environmentalist, and a futurist in the sense that he understands the critical needs of communities (rural and by extension urban) as the platform for the future. Since 1965 he has farmed in rural Kentucky. He has received many awards and recognitions, including the 1999 Thomas Merton Award, fellowships in both the Guggenheim and Rockefeller Foundations, an award from the National Institute and Academy of Arts and Letters (1971) and the T.S. Eliot Award. 9 Discussion Questions for The Memory of Old Jack 1. The novel takes place mostly in Jack’s head, remembrances of his life leading up to the present. Comment on some important people and events that he recalls and their effect on him. You might consider Ruth, Will Wells, Rose, Ben, Clara, Andy, his “triumph” over McGrother (in acquiring the neighboring property), and the barn burning. 2. Discuss how Jack, even in his current situation, deeply impacts those around him. How do Mat and Jack’s friends take his death? His daughter Clara? 3. Chapter Seven deals in large part with Jack’s great-nephew Andy Catlett (106-127, Counterpoint edition). Discuss Andy’s place in the story. 4. Reviewers of this book have noted that Jack is the last of his kind, and that his passing is a metaphor for the death of a way of life. Comment on this concept. 5. Berry provides a keen insight into the nature of reminiscence and aging. Read pages 24-25 (Chapter Three) and comment on these ideas. 6. On page 12, Berry draws a scene in which Mat and his family visit former employees who now live in the city. Review page 12 and comment on Berry’s view of uprooting and leaving “home.” 10