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Groundwater Governance in the Aral Sea Basin of Central Asia PDF

13 Pages·2013·4.39 MB·English
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Groundwater Governance – Global Framework for Action.  Fifth Regional Consultation – UNECE Region The Hague, The Netherlands, 19‐21 March, 2013 Groundwater Governance in the Aral Sea  Basin of Central Asia  Akmal Karimov  (International Water Management Institute – IWMI) Contributors:  A. Mavlonov, H. Masharipova, J. Jumanov, R. Juraev Content • Water legislation in Central  Asia • Institutions in groundwater  governance • Examples of alternative  groundwater governance  • Lessons a (ha) 5600000000 111468000000000a)/ per e h gated ar 3400000000 118020000000003area(m/3pita(m) pulation/Irri 12000000000 0246000000000 Intake per ca o P 1980 1990 2000 2007 2009 2011 Population Irrigated area Water intake per capita Water legislation in Central Asia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Ownership State State State State State  Water  Basin/ Basin Basin /  Territorial  Basin/  administration Territorial  territorial  (basin)  Territorial Water use is  Permits  Rights/Permits  Permits Permits Permits based on Permission for water  State  State Hydro‐ Nature  Local   Nature  use issued by Committee of  geology Body Protection  authorities   Protection  Geology and  Committee Committee Mineral  Resources  Duration Permanent/ Temporary  Permanent/ Permanent/  Permanent/  Temporary  Temporary  temporary  temporary short term, years  3 15 3 3 3 long term, years 25 50 25 25 20 Source: Water codes of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and  Uzbekistan Water legislation in Central Asia Turkmenista Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan n Payment for water  Payment for  State taxes,  use services, full  Payment for  Payment for  Payment for  Payment for  cost,  use of water  water  services water use subsidized  and services services of  water saving WUAs Use of groundwater  Not  Prohibited Not allowed,  Not allowed,  of drinking quality  allowed, except some  except some  except some  for other uses except some  cases  cases cases cases Prioritizing Law  Intern.  Water Code  Water Code  Intern. Water  Intern. Water  National/Intern. Water Agr.  of RK of RT Agr.  Agr.  Transboundary  not  not  Water courses Recognized Recognized Recognized recognized recognized Is Convention on  Yes, in  Yes  transboundary  Yes (January  process, not  No No (September  watercourses  11, 1996 ) declared yet  4, 200 7 ) signed? officially Source: Water codes of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and  Uzbekistan Institutions involved in groundwater governance  in Uzbekistan   Nature Protection  Ministry of Agriculture and  Committee  Water Management                                                  State                         Permits HG. Dep. Control  Pump station  GW Monitor. dep: Well  M.                                                                                                                  Use issues Committee   o   f                                                                       Local  Authorities  Geology        Groundwater   Payment for  drinking    water supply    Payment for  Reg. Stations  electricity    GW  Services monitoring  Allocation  Payment  Small business, GW  of  GW  Reg. Centers,  development GW develop.  Farm Unions, WUAs Groundwater use in the Aral Sea basin Source: SIC ICWC,  HYDROENGEO Examples of Alternative Governance of  Groundwater Samgar Irrigation Project, Tajikistan Water (a) and energy (b)  productivity  under good governance of GW  Wells owned by Water user association/Farm unions;  Establishing farms based on the command area of wells – a) one well supplies water for land of one farmer;  Farmers are responsible for operation and maintenance  of wells;  Water Administrations provide maintenance services on  contract base;  Farmers pay for electricity consumed for operation of  wells to utilities and cover maintenance cost;  Cost of power for operation of wells  is significantly higher  in inter‐season, rather than in crop vegetation season    Water rotation in high water demand periods, farmers  jointly cover electricity cost. b) Farmers investing  their own funds for  construction  of wells to secure  the access to GW Groundwater irrigation at small farms of the  Fergana Valley (2009‐2010) Boreholes : Depth – 20‐35 m  2009 Yield   ‐ 1‐2.5 l/s Cost    ‐ 300‐500 USD                 2010 Shallow wells: Depth – 25‐40 m Yield   ‐ 2‐4 l/s IWMI and AWRDC studies Cost    ‐ 2,000‐ 4,000 USD Groundwater irrigation of grapevines – Altyaryk district,  Fergana province – 2011‐2012 Deep wells: Depth – 60‐100 m  Yield   ‐ 15‐40 l/s Cost    ‐ 15,000‐25,000 USD Yield of grapes        – 16‐25 t/ha  Farmer income       – 7,000‐9,000 USD/ha Irrigation rates        – 7000‐7500 m3/ha 2011‐2012 гг Potential  for  managed  aquifer  in  the  Fergana  Valley (Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) Artificial GW recharge for  A household needs is used in the  region since 1970th Aquifers of the Fergana Valley have over  3000 Mm3  of free capacities, additional  capacities can be created by intensive  groundwater extraction B Subsurface horizons within lift irrigated  areas of the northern Tajikistan have  favorable conditions for constructing  subsurface reservoirs  These measures could be used for  adaption to climate change and  mitigation of water & energy nexus Source Ahmedov & Yakubov, 2012

Description:
Transboundary. Water courses Yield of grapes – 16-25 t/ha. Farmer income Needs for recognizing and joint management of transboundary water.
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