18 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HYDROGEOLOGISTS SELECTED PAPERS INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HYDROGEOLOGISTS SELECTED PAPERS 18 Editors: Groundwater resources are facing increasing pressure from consuming and aG Luís Ribeiro contaminating activities. There is a growing awareness that the quantitative nr o Tibor Y. Stigter and qualitative preservation of groundwater resources is a global need, not d u only to safeguard their future use for public supply and irrigation, but also to António Chambel En protect those ecosystems that depend partially or entirely on groundwater to cd M. Teresa Condesso de Melo maintain their species composition and natural ecological processes. Known as o groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs), they have been a fast-growing field sw José Paulo Monteiro of research during the last two decades. ya Albino Medeiros s t This book is intended to provide a diverse overview of important studies on te e groundwater and ecosystems, including a toolbox for assessing the ecological r m Groundwater water requirements for GDEs, and relevant case studies on groundwater/ surface-water interactions, as well as the role of nutrients in groundwater for s GDEs and ecosystem dependence (vegetation and cave fauna) on groundwater. and Ecosystems Case studies are from Australia (nine studies) and Europe (12 studies from nine countries) as well as Argentina, Canada and South Africa. This book is of interest to everybody dealing with groundwater and its relationship with ecosystems. It is highly relevant for researchers, managers and decision-makers in the field of water and environment. It provides up-to- date information on crucial factors and parameters that need to be considered when studying groundwater-ecosystem relationships in different environments worldwide. Albino MedeirosJosé Paulo MonteiroM. Teresa Condesso dAntónio ChambelTibor Y. StigterLuís RibeiroEditors: e M e lo an informa business Groundwater and Ecosystems Selected papers on hydrogeology 18 Series Editor:Dr. Nick S. Robins Editor-in-ChiefIAHBookSeries,BritishGeologicalSurvey,Wallingford,UK INTERNATIONALASSOCIATIONOFHYDROGEOLOGISTS Groundwater and Ecosystems Editors: Luís Ribeiro & Tibor Y. Stigter Instituto SuperiorTécnico,Lisbon,Portugal António Chambel Universidade de Évora,Évora,Portugal M.Teresa Condesso de Melo Instituto SuperiorTécnico,Lisbon,Portugal José Paulo Monteiro Algarve University,Faro,Portugal Albino Medeiros Grandewater – HidrogeologiaAplicada,Azeitão,Portugal Coverillustration: Groundwaterfrommountainbogsystemswithturfandwateracidifiedby organicacids,ChaloupskáSla,ŠumavaMountains,CzechRepublic.Inrelatively flatmountainousareas,andduetothelesstransmissivemediaoftheunderlyingcrystalline rocks,thewateraccumulates,formingswampswherebogmountainsystemsformunder therightconditionsofrecharge(Photo: AntónioChambel) CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of theTaylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013Taylor & Francis Group,London,UK Typeset by MPS Limited,Chennai,India Printed and Bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd,Croydon,CR0 4YY. All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical, by photocopying,recording or otherwise,without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein,no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Groundwater and ecosystems / editors:Luís Ribeiro ... [et al.].—1st ed. p. cm.—(Selected papers on hydrogeology ;18) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-138-00033-9 (hardback :alk. paper) 1. Groundwater ecology. I. Ribeiro,Luís,1955– II. Series:Hydrogeology (InternationalAssociation of Hydrogeologists) ;v. 18. QH541.5.G76G73 2013 577.6–dc23 2013000440 Published by: CRC Press/Balkema P.O. Box 11320,2301 EH,Leiden,The Netherlands e-mail:[email protected] www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.com ISBN:978-1-138-00033-9 (Hbk) ISBN:978-0-203-49099-0 (eBook) Table of contents Preface ix Foreword xi J.T.Gurrieri Abouttheeditors xiii Listofcontributors xv 1 Atoolboxforassessingtheecologicalwaterrequirementsof groundwaterdependentecosystemsinAustralia 1 R.S.Evans,P.G.Cook,P.Howe,C.A.Clifton&E.Irvine 2 Watertabledynamicsofaseverelyerodedwetlandsystem,priorto rehabilitation,SandRiverCatchment,SouthAfrica 9 E.S.Riddell,S.A.Lorentz,W.N.Ellery,D.Kotze, J.J.Pretorius&S.N.Ngetar 3 Small-scalewater-andnutrient-exchangebetweenlowlandRiver Spree(Germany)andadjacentgroundwater 23 J.Lewandowski&G.Nützmann 4 Artificialmaintenanceofgroundwaterlevelstoprotectcarbonate cavefauna,Yanchep,WesternAustralia 33 C.Yesertener 5 Spatialandtemporalheterogeneityinthefluxoforganic carbonincaves 47 K.S.Simon,T.Pipan&D.C.Culver 6 Theinfluenceofgroundwater/surfacewaterexchangeonstable waterisotopicsignaturesalongtheDarlingRiver,NSW,Australia 57 K.Meredith,S.Hollins,C.Hughes,D.Cendón&D.Stone 7 Ageochemicalapproachtodeterminingthehydrologicalregimeof wetlandsinavolcanicplain,south–easternAustralia 69 A.B.Barton,A.L.Herczeg,P.G.Dahlhaus&J.W.Cox 8 Mappingsurfacewater-groundwaterinteractionsandassociated geologicalfaultsusingtemperatureprofiling 81 M.Bonte, J.Geris,V.E.A.Post,V.Bense,H.J.A.A.vanDijk&H.Kooi vi Table of contents 9 Typologyofgroundwater-surfacewaterinteraction(GSItypology)– withnewdevelopmentsandcasestudysupportingimplementation 95 oftheEUWaterFrameworkandGroundwaterDirectives M.Dahl&K.Hinsby 10 Conservationoftrialdewateringdischargethroughre-injectioninthe Pilbararegion,WesternAustralia 113 L.R.Evans&J.Youngs 11 Nitrogencycleingravelbedrivers:Theeffectofthehyporheiczone 125 A.Marzadri&A.Bellin 12 Groundwaterrechargequantificationforthesustainabilityof ecosystemsinplainsofArgentina 137 M.P.D’Elia,O.C.Tujchneider,M.delC.Paris&M.A.Perez 13 NutrientsourcesforgreenmacroalgaeintheRiaFormosalagoon– assessingtheroleofgroundwater 153 T.Y.Stigter,A.CarvalhoDill,E.-j.Malta&R.Santos 14 RelationshipsbetweenwetlandsandtheDoñanacoastalaquifer(SWSpain) 169 M.Manzano,E.Custodio,E.Lozano&H.Higueras 15 Groundwaterdependentecosystemsassociatedwithbasaltaquifers oftheAlstonvillePlateau,NewSouthWales,Australia 183 R.T.Green,R.S.Brodie&R.M.Williams 16 Ashiftintheecohydrologicalstateofgroundwaterdependent vegetationduetoclimatechangeandgroundwaterdrawdownonthe SwanCoastalPlainof WesternAustralia 197 R.Froend,M.Davies&M.Martin 17 Responseofwetlandvegetationtoclimatechangeandgroundwaterdecline ontheSwanCoastalPlain,WesternAustralia:Implicationsformanagement 207 R.Loomes,R.Froend&B.Sommer 18 HydrogeochemicalprocessesinthePateiradeFermenteloslagoon (Portugal)andtheirimpactonwaterquality 221 C.Sena&M.T.CondessodeMelo 19 RelationshipbetweendryandwetbeachecosystemsandE.coli levelsingroundwaterbelowbeachesoftheGreatLakes,Canada 237 A.S.Crowe&J.Milne 20 Surfacewater,groundwaterandecologicalinteractionsalongthe RiverMurray.Apilotstudyofmanagementinitiativesatthe BookpurnongFloodplain,SouthAustralia 253 V.Berens,M.G.White,N.J.Souter,K.L.Holland,I.D.Jolly,M.A.Hatch, A.D.Fitzpatrick,T.J.Munday&K.L.McEwan Table of contents vii 21 Hydrodynamicinteractionbetweengravity-drivenandover-pressured groundwaterflowanditsconsequencesonsoilandwetlandsalinisation 267 J.Mádl-Szo˝nyi,S.Simon&J.Tóth 22 Relationshipbetweencertainphreatophyticplantsandregional groundwatercirculationinhardrocksoftheSpanishCentralSystem 281 M.Martín-Loeches&J.G.Yélamos 23 Surface/groundwaterinteractions:Identifyingspatialcontrolson waterqualityandquantityinalowlandUKChalkcatchment 295 N.J.K.Howden,H.S.Wheater,D.W.Peach&A.P.Butler 24 Modellingstream-groundwaterinteractionsintheQuerença-Silves AquiferSystem 307 J.P.Monteiro,L.Ribeiro,E.Reis, J.Martins, J.MatosSilva&N.Salvador Authorindex 327 Subjectindex 329 SERIESIAH-SelectedPapers 339 TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk Preface RecentstudiesoftheMillenniumEcosystemAssessmentconcludedthatoverthepast fivedecadestheEarth’secosystemshavebeenrapidlyandextensivelyalteredbyhuman activities. This has resulted in a substantial and often irreversible degradation of manyoftheseecosystemsandtheessentialservicestheyprovide.Thosedependingon groundwater form no exception. Aquifers are facing increasing pressure from water consumingandcontaminatingactivitiesinvarioussocioeconomicsectors,fromindus- tryandagriculturetopublicsupplyandrecreationalactivities.Thisfrequentlyimpacts environmentalflowsthatdeterminethehealthofgroundwaterdependentecosystems (GDEs). Climate change is expected to further contribute to the decrease in ground- wateravailability,especiallyinsomesensitiveregionssuchasaridandsemi-aridareas andcoastalandestuarinezones. Thisbookprovidesadiverseoverviewofimportantstudiesfromacrosstheworld, on groundwater-surface water-ecosystem relationships, as well as consequences from humaninterventionandpossiblesolutionsforwaterresourceandenvironmentalman- agement. Among others, the various chapters provide a toolbox for assessing the ecologicalwaterrequirementsforGDEs,relevantcasestudiesongroundwater/surface water ecotones, interactions with vegetation and fauna, as well as the quantitative and qualitative impacts from human activities. The contributions, from Australia (ninestudies),Europe(12studiesfromninecountries),Argentina,CanadaandSouth Africa,werepresentedoriginallyatthe35thIAHCongressonGroundwater&Ecosys- tems,heldinLisbonbetween17and21September2007.Theyhaveallbeenupdated by incorporating new results obtained since then. We believe that this book is of interest to anyone dealing with groundwater and its relationship with ecosystems, whetherresearcher,managerordecision-makerinthefieldofwaterandenvironment, entrepreneur,teacherorstudent.Itprovidesup-to-dateinformationoncrucialfactors andparametersthatneedtobeconsideredwhenstudyinggroundwater-ecosystemrela- tionshipsindifferentenvironmentsworldwide.Wethankallcontributingauthorsand are truly pleased that together we have managed to bring this challenging endeavour toasuccessfulconclusion. LuísRibeiro TiborY.Stigter AntónioChambel M.TeresaCondessodeMelo JoséPauloMonteiro AlbinoMedeiros