GRIMM LEGACIES GRIMM LEGACIES The Magic Spell of the Grimms’ Folk and Fairy Tales Jack Zipes Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2015 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu Jacket images: Photograph of Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm by Hermann Biow, 1847. Detail of illustration from “The Frog Prince” by Charles Folkard, orginally published in Grimm’s Fairy Tales, 1911. All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Zipes, Jack, 1937– Grimm Legacies : the Magic Spell of the Grimms’ Folk and Fairy Tales / Jack Zipes. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978– 0- 691– 16058– 0 (hardback) 1. Grimm, Jacob, 1785– 1863— Influence. 2. Grimm, Wilhelm, 1786–1 859— Influence. 3. Fairy tales— Germany— History and criticism. 4. Tales— Germany— History and criticism. 5. Folklorists— Germany. I. Title. GR166.Z57 2014 398.20943— dc23 2014005508 British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available This book has been composed in 10.5/13 Minion Pro Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Heinz Rölleke With great admiration and respect CONTENTS List of Figures ix Preface: Legacies and Cultural Heritage xi Introduction The Vibrant Body of the Grimms’ Folk and Fairy Tales, Which Do Not Belong to the Grimms 1 Chapter One German Popular Stories as Revolutionary Book 33 Chapter Two Hyping the Grimms’ Fairy Tales 58 Chapter Three Americanization of the Grimms’ Folk and Fairy Tales: Twists and Turns of History 78 Chapter Four Two Hundred Years after Once Upon a Time: The Legacy of the Brothers Grimm and Their Tales in Germany 109 Chapter Five How Superheroes Made Their Way into the World of Fairy Tales: The Appeal of Cooperation and Collective Action from the Greek Myths to the Grimms’ Tales and Beyond 131 Chapter Six The Grimmness of Contemporary Fairy Tales: Exploring the Legacy of the Brothers Grimm in the Twenty- First Century 152 Epilogue A Curious Legacy: Ernst Bloch’s Enlightened View of the Fairy Tale and Utopian Longing, or Why the Grimms’ Tales Will Always Be Relevant 187 Appendix: “About Pincaruolo’s Good Feat,” by Giovanni Sercambi 197 Notes 205 Bibliography 219 Filmography 247 Index 255 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Dorothea Viehmann, the ideal peasant storyteller. Drawing by Ludwig Grimm 15 Figure 2. Title page of German Popular Stories (Volume 1, 1812). Drawing by George Cruikshank 36 Figure 3. “The Golden Goose.” Illustration by George Cruikshank 56 Figure 4. “The Goose Girl.” Illustration by Ludwig Grimm 66 Figure 5. “Little Red Riding Hood.” Illustration by Gustav Doré 71 Figure 6. Betty Boop as Snow-White. Max and Dave Fleischer, directors 98 Figure 7. (a) Swing Shift Cinderella. Tex Avery, director. (b) Red Hot Riding Hood. Tex Avery, director 101 Figure 8. Milchwald (In This Very Moment). Christoph Hochhäusler, director 122 ix