PNNL-20966 Prepared for the U.S. General Services Administration under the U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Green Building Certification System Review – Appendices N Wang KM Fowler RS Sullivan March 2012 DISCLAIMER This Report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Printed in the United States of America Appendix Table of Contents   Appendix  A:   EISA  Sections  433  &  436  ......................................................................................................  A‐1  Appendix  B:  High  Performance  Sustainable  Building  Guiding  Principles  .................................................. B‐1   Appendix  C:  List  of  Pre‐screened  Certification  Systems  ............................................................................ C‐1   Appendix  D:  Review  Criteria  .....................................................................................................................  D‐1   Appendix  E:  Certification  System  Mapping  to  Review  Criteria .................................................................. E‐1   Appendix  F:  Certification  System  Mapping  to  Robustness  for  New  Construction  Review  Criteria ........... F‐1   Appendix  G:  Certification  System  Mapping  to  Robustness  for  Existing  Buildings  Review  Criteria  ..........  G‐1   Appendix  H:  Certification  System  Owner  Input  –  Green  Globes  ..............................................................  H‐1   Appendix  I:  Certification  System  Owner  Input  –  LEED ................................................................................ I‐1   Appendix  J:  Certification  System  Owner  Input  –  Living  Building  Challenge  ..............................................  J‐1   Appendix  K:  Certification  System  Mapping  to  Measured,  Calculated,  and  Evidence  of  Intent  ................ K‐1     A-1 Appendix A: EISA Sections 433 & 436 Energy  Independence  and  Security  Act  of  2007,  December  13,  2007 SEC.  433.  FEDERAL  BUILDING  ENERGY  EFFICIENCY  PERFORMANCE  STANDARDS.   (a)  STANDARDS.—Section  305(a)(3)  of  the  Energy  Conservation  and  Production  Act  (42  U.S.C.   6834(a)(3))  is  amended  by  adding  at  the  end  the  following  new  subparagraph:   (D)  Not  later  than  1  year  after  the  date  of  enactment  of  the  Energy  Independence  and  Security  Act  of   2007,  the  Secretary  shall  establish,  by  rule,  revised  Federal  building  energy  efficiency  performance   standards  that  require  that:  (i)  For  new  Federal  buildings  and  Federal  buildings  undergoing  major   renovations,  with  respect  to  which  the  Administrator  of  General  Services  is  required  to  transmit  a   prospectus  to  Congress  under  section  3307  of  title  40,  United  States  Code,  in  the  case  of  public  buildings   (as  defined  in  section  3301  of  title  40,  United  States  Code),  or  of  at  least  $2,500,000  in  costs  adjusted   annually  for  inflation  for  other  buildings:   (I)  The  buildings  shall  be  designed  so  that  the  fossil  fuel‐generated  energy  consumption  of  the  buildings   is  reduced,  as  compared  with  such  energy  consumption  by  a  similar  building  in  fiscal  year  2003  (as   measured  by  Commercial  Buildings  Energy  Consumption  Survey  or  Residential  Energy  Consumption   Survey  data  from  the  Energy  Information  Agency),  by  the  percentage  specified  in  the  following  table:   Fiscal  Year  Percentage  Reduction   2010  .............................................................................  55   2015  .............................................................................  65   2020  .............................................................................  80   2025  .............................................................................  90   2030  .............................................................................  100.   (II)  Upon  petition  by  an  agency  subject  to  this  subparagraph,  the  Secretary  may  adjust  the  applicable   numeric  requirement  under  subclause  (I)  downward  with  respect  to  a  specific  building,  if  the  head  of  the   agency  designing  the  building  certifies  in  writing  that  meeting  such  requirement  would  be  technically   impracticable  in  light  of  the  agency’s  specified  functional  needs  for  that  building  and  the  Secretary   concurs  with  the  agency’s  conclusion.  This  subclause  shall  not  apply  to  the  General  Services   Administration.   (III)  Sustainable  design  principles  shall  be  applied  to  the  siting,  design,  and  construction  of  such   buildings.  Not  later  than  90  days  after  the  date  of  enactment  of  the  Energy  Independence  and  Security   Act  of  2007,  the  Secretary,  after  reviewing  the  findings  of  the  Federal  Director  under  section  436(h)  of   that  Act,  in  consultation  with  the  Administrator  of  General  Services,  and  in  consultation  with  the   Secretary  of  Defense  for  considerations  relating  to  those  facilities  under  the  custody  and  control  of  the   Department  of  Defense,  shall  identify  a  certification  system  and  level  for  green  buildings  that  the   A-1 Secretary  determines  to  be  the  most  likely  to  encourage  a  comprehensive  and  environmentally‐sound   approach  to  certification  of  green  buildings.  The  identification  of  the  certification  system  and  level  shall   be  based  on  a  review  of  the  Federal  Director’s  findings  under  section  436(h)  of  the  Energy  Independence   and  Security  Act  of  2007  and  the  criteria  specified  in  clause  (iii),  shall  identify  the  highest  level  the   Secretary  determines  is  appropriate  above  the  minimum  level  required  for  certification  under  the   system  selected,  and  shall  achieve  results  at  least  comparable  to  the  system used  by  and  highest  level   referenced  by  the  General  Services  Administration  as  of  the  date  of  enactment  of  the  Energy   Independence  and  Security  Act  of  2007.  Within  90  days  of  the  completion  of  each  study  required  by   clause  (iv),  the  Secretary,  in  consultation  with  the  Administrator  of  General  Services,  and  in  consultation   with  the  Secretary  of  Defense  for  considerations  relating  to  those  facilities  under  the  custody  and   control  of  the  Department  of  Defense,  shall  review  and  update  the  certification  system  and  level,  taking   into  account  the  conclusions  of  such  study.   (ii)  In  establishing  criteria  for  identifying  major  renovations  that  are  subject  to  the  requirements  of  this   subparagraph,  the  Secretary  shall  take  into  account  the  scope,  degree,  and  types  of  renovations  that  are   likely  to  provide  significant  opportunities  for  substantial  improvements  in  energy  efficiency.   (iii)  In  identifying  the  green  building  certification  system  and  level,  the  Secretary  shall  take  into   consideration—      (I)  the  ability  and  availability  of  assessors  and  auditors  to  independently  verify  the  criteria  and   measurement  of  metrics  at  the  scale  necessary  to  implement  this  subparagraph;      (II)  the  ability  of  the  applicable  certification  organization  to  collect  and  reflect  public  comment;      (III)  the  ability  of  the  standard  to  be  developed  and  revised  through  a  consensus‐based  process;      (IV)  an  evaluation  of  the  robustness  of  the  criteria  for  a  high‐performance  green  building,  which  shall   give  credit  for  promoting—   (aa)  efficient  and  sustainable  use  of  water,  energy,  and  other  natural  resources;   (bb)  use  of  renewable  energy  sources;   (cc)  improved  indoor  environmental  quality  through  enhanced  indoor  air  quality,  thermal   comfort,  acoustics,  day  lighting,  pollutant  source  control,  and  use  of  low‐emission  materials  and   building  system  controls;  and   (dd)  such  other  criteria  as  the  Secretary  determines  to  be  appropriate;  and       (V)  national  recognition  within  the  building  industry.   (iv)  At  least  once  every  five  years,  and  in  accordance  with  section  436  of  the  Energy  Independence  and   Security  Act  of  2007,  the  Administrator  of  General  Services  shall  conduct  a  study  to  evaluate  and   compare  available  third‐party  green  building  certification  systems  and  levels,  taking  into  account  the   criteria  listed  in  clause  (iii).   (v)  The  Secretary  may  by  rule  allow  Federal  agencies  to  develop  internal  certification  processes,  using   certified  professionals,  in  lieu  of  certification  by  the  certification  entity  identified  under  clause   A-2 (i)(III).  The  Secretary  shall  include  in  any  such  rule  guidelines  to  ensure  that  the  certification  process   results  in  buildings  meeting  the  applicable  certification  system  and  level  identified  under  clause  (i)(III).   An  agency  employing  an  internal  certification  process  must  continue  to  obtain  external  certification  by  the  certification  entity  identified  under  clause  (i)(III)  for  at  least  5  percent  of  the  total  number  of  buildings  certified  annually  by  the  agency.  (vi)  With  respect  to  privatized  military  housing,  the  Secretary  of  Defense,  after  consultation  with  the   Secretary  may,  through  rulemaking,  develop  alternative  criteria  to  those  established  by  subclauses  (I)  and  (III)  of  clause  (i)  that  achieve  an  equivalent  result  in  terms  of  energy  savings,  sustainable  design,  and   green  building  performance.  (vii)  In  addition  to  any  use  of  water  conservation  technologies  otherwise  required  by  this  section,  water   conservation  technologies  shall  be  applied  to  the  extent  that  the  technologies  are  life‐cycle  cost‐ effective.  (b)  DEFINITIONS.—Section  303(6)  of  the  Energy  Conservation  and  Production  Act  (42  U.S.C.  6832(6))  is   amended  by  striking  ‘‘which  is  not  legally  subject  to  State  or  local  building  codes  or  similar   requirements.’’  and  inserting  ‘‘Such  term  shall  include  buildings  built  for  the  purpose  of  being  leased  by   a  Federal  agency,  and  privatized  military  housing.’’   (c)  REVISION  OF  FEDERAL  ACQUISITION  REGULATION.—Not  later  than  2  years  after  the  date  of  the  enactment  of  this  Act,  the  Federal  Acquisition  Regulation  shall  be  revised  to  require  Federal  officers  and  employees  to  comply  with  this  section  and  the  amendments  made  by  this  section  in  the  acquisition,   construction,  or  major  renovation  of  any  facility.  The  members  of  the  Federal  Acquisition  Regulatory   Council  (established  under  section  25  of  the  Office  of  Federal  Procurement  Policy  Act  (41  U.S.C.  421))  shall  consult  with  the  Federal  Director  and  the  Commercial  Director  before  promulgating  regulations  to   carry  out  this  subsection.   (d)  GUIDANCE.—Not  later  than  90  days  after  the  date  of  promulgation  of  the  revised  regulations  under   subsection  (c),  the  Administrator  for  Federal  Procurement  Policy  shall  issue  guidance  to  all  Federal  procurement  executives  providing  direction  and  instructions  to  renegotiate  the  design  of  proposed   facilities  and  major  renovations  for  existing  facilities  to  incorporate  improvements  that  are  consistent   with  this  section.   A-3 SEC.  436.  HIGH‐PERFORMANCE  GREEN  FEDERAL  BUILDINGS   (a)  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  OFFICE.—Not  later  than  60  days  after  the  date  of  enactment  of  this  Act,  the   Administrator  shall  establish  within  the  General  Services  Administration  an  Office  of  Federal  High‐ Performance  Green  Buildings,  and  appoint  an  individual  to  serve  as  Federal  Director  in,  a  position  in  the   career‐reserved  Senior  Executive  service,  to—   (1)  establish  and  manage  the  Office  of  Federal  High‐Performance  Green  Buildings;  and   (2)  carry  out  other  duties  as  required  under  this  subtitle.   (b)  COMPENSATION.—The  compensation  of  the  Federal  Director  shall  not  exceed  the  maximum  rate  of   basic  pay  for  the  Senior  Executive  Service  under  section  5382  of  title  5,  United  States  Code,  including   any  applicable  locality  based  comparability  payment  that  may  be  authorized  under  section  5304(h)(2)(C)   of  that  title.   (c)  DUTIES.—The  Federal  Director  shall—   (1)  coordinate  the  activities  of  the  Office  of  Federal  High‐Performance  Green  Buildings  with  the  activities   of  the  Office  of  Commercial  High‐Performance  Green  Buildings,  and  the  Secretary,  in  accordance  with   section  305(a)(3)(D)  of  the  Energy  Conservation  and  Production  Act  (42  U.S.C.  6834(a)(3)(D));   (2)  ensure  full  coordination  of  high‐performance  green  building  information  and  activities  within  the   General  Services  Administration  and  all  relevant  agencies,  including,  at  a  minimum—   (A)  the  Environmental  Protection  Agency;   (B)  the  Office  of  the  Federal  Environmental  Executive;   (C)  the  Office  of  Federal  Procurement  Policy;   (D)  the  Department  of  Energy;   (E)  the  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services;   (F)  the  Department  of  Defense;   (G)  the  Department  of  Transportation;   (H)  the  National  Institute  of  Standards  and  Technology;  and   (I)  the  Office  of  Science  and  Technology  Policy;   (3)  establish  a  senior‐level  Federal  Green  Building  Advisory  Committee  under  section  474,  which  shall   provide  advice  and  recommendations  in  accordance  with  that  section  and  subsection  (d);   (4)  identify  and  every  5  years  reassess  improved  or  higher  rating  standards  recommended  by  the   Advisory  Committee;   A-4 (5)  ensure  full  coordination,  dissemination  of  information  regarding,  and  promotion  of  the  results  of   research  and  development  information  relating  to  Federal  high‐performance  green  building  initiatives;   (6)  identify  and  develop  Federal  high‐performance  green  building  standards  for  all  types  of  Federal   facilities,  consistent  with  the  requirements  of  this  subtitle  and  section  305(a)(3)(D)  of  the  Energy   Conservation  and  Production  Act  (42  U.S.C.  6834(a)(3)(D));   (7)  establish  green  practices  that  can  be  used  throughout  the  life  of  a  Federal  facility;   (8)  review  and  analyze  current  Federal  budget  practices  and  life‐cycle  costing  issues,  and  make   recommendations  to  Congress,  in  accordance  with  subsection  (d);  and   (9)  identify  opportunities  to  demonstrate  innovative  and  emerging  green  building  technologies  and   concepts.   (d)  ADDITIONAL  DUTIES.—The  Federal  Director,  in  consultation  with  the  Commercial  Director  and  the   Advisory  Committee,  and  consistent  with  the  requirements  of  section  305(a)(3)(D)  of  the  Energy   Conservation  and  Production  Act  (42  U.S.C.  6834(a)(3)(D))  shall—   (1)  identify,  review,  and  analyze  current  budget  and  contracting  practices  that  affect  achievement  of   high‐performance  green  buildings,  including  the  identification  of  barriers  to  high‐performance  green   building  life‐cycle  costing  and  budgetary  issues;   (2)  develop  guidance  and  conduct  training  sessions  with  budget  specialists  and  contracting  personnel   from  Federal  agencies  and  budget  examiners  to  apply  life‐cycle  cost  criteria  to  actual  projects;   (3)  identify  tools  to  aid  life‐cycle  cost  decisionmaking;  and   (4)  explore  the  feasibility  of  incorporating  the  benefits  of  high‐performance  green  buildings,  such  as   security  benefits,  into  a  cost‐budget  analysis  to  aid  in  life‐cycle  costing  for  budget  and  decisionmaking   processes.   (e)  INCENTIVES.—Within  90  days  after  the  date  of  enactment  of  this  Act,  the  Federal  Director  shall   identify  incentives  to  encourage  the  expedited  use  of  high‐performance  green  buildings  and  related   technology  in  the  operations  of  the  Federal  Government,  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of   section  305(a)(3)(D)  of  the  Energy  Conservation  and  Production  Act  (42  U.S.C.  6834(a)(3)(D)),  including   through—   (1)  the  provision  of  recognition  awards;  and   (2)  the  maximum  feasible  retention  of  financial  savings  in  the  annual  budgets  of  Federal  agencies  for  use   in  reinvesting  in  future  high‐performance  green  building  initiatives.   (f)  REPORT.—Not  later  than  2  years  after  the  date  of  enactment  of  this  Act,  and  biennially  thereafter,   the  Federal  Director,  in  consultation  with  the  Secretary,  shall  submit  to  Congress  a  report  that—   A-5 (1)  describes  the  status  of  compliance  with  this  subtitle,  the  requirements  of  section  305(a)(3)(D)  of  the  Energy  Conservation  and  Production  Act  (42  U.S.C.  6834(a)(3)(D)),  and  other  Federal  high‐performance  green  building  initiatives  in  effect  as  of  the  date  of  the  report,  including—   (A)  the  extent  to  which  the  programs  are  being  carried  out  in  accordance  with  this  subtitle  and  the  requirements  of  section  305(a)(3)(D)  of  that  Act;  and   (B)  the  status  of  funding  requests  and  appropriations  for  those  programs;  (2)  identifies  within  the  planning,  budgeting,  and  construction  process  all  types  of  Federal  facility  procedures  that  may  affect  the  certification  of  new  and  existing  Federal  facilities  as  high‐performance  green  buildings  under  the  provisions  of  section  305(a)(3)(D)  of  that  Act  and  the  criteria  established  in  subsection  (h);   (3)  identifies  inconsistencies,  as  reported  to  the  Advisory  Committee,  in  Federal  law  with  respect  to  product  acquisition  guidelines  and  high‐performance  product  guidelines;  (4)  recommends  language  for  uniform  standards  for  use  by  Federal  agencies  in  environmentally  responsible  acquisition;  (5)  in  coordination  with  the  Office  of  Management  and  Budget,  reviews  the  budget  process  for  capital  programs  with  respect  to  alternatives  for—  (A)  restructuring  of  budgets  to  require  the  use  of  complete  energy  and  environmental  cost  accounting;  (B)  using  operations  expenditures  in  budget‐related  decisions  while  simultaneously  incorporating  productivity  and  health  measures  (as  those  measures  can  be  quantified  by  the  Office  of  Federal  High‐ Performance  Green  Buildings,  with  the  assistance  of  universities  and  national  laboratories);  (C)  streamlining  measures  for  permitting  Federal  agencies  to  retain  all  identified  savings  accrued  as  a  result  of  the  use  of  life‐cycle  costing  for  future  high‐performance  green  building  initiatives;  and  (D)  identifying  short‐term  and  long‐term  cost  savings  that  accrue  from  high‐performance  green  buildings,  including  those  relating  to  health  and  productivity;  (6)  identifies  green,  self‐sustaining  technologies  to  address  the  operational  needs  of  Federal  facilities  in  times  of  national  security  emergencies,  natural  disasters,  or  other  dire  emergencies;  (7)  summarizes  and  highlights  development,  at  the  State  and  local  level,  of  high‐performance  green  building  initiatives,  including  executive  orders,  policies,  or  laws  adopted  promoting  high‐performance  green  building  (including  the  status  of  implementation  of  those  initiatives);  and  (8)  includes,  for  the  2‐year  period  covered  by  the  report,  recommendations  to  address  each  of  the  matters,  and  a  plan  for  implementation  of  each  recommendation,  described  in  paragraphs  (1)  through  (7).  A-6 (g)  IMPLEMENTATION.—The  Office  of  Federal  High‐Performance  Green  Buildings  shall  carry  out  each  plan  for  implementation  of  recommendations  under  subsection  (f)(8).   (h)  IDENTIFICATION  OF  CERTIFICATION  SYSTEM.—     (1)  IN  GENERAL.—For  the  purpose  of  this  section,  not  later  than  60  days  after  the  date  of  enactment  of  this  Act,  the  Federal  Director  shall  identify  and  shall  provide  to  the  Secretary  pursuant  to  section  305(a)(3)(D)  of  the  Energy  Conservation  and  Production  Act  (42  U.S.C.  6834(a)(3)(D)),  a  certification   system  that  the  Director  determines  to  be  the  most  likely  to  encourage  a  comprehensive  and   environmentally‐sound  approach  to  certification  of  green  buildings.     (2)  BASIS.—The  system  identified  under  paragraph  (1)  shall  be  based  on—      (A)  a  study  completed  every  5  years  and  provided  to  the  Secretary  pursuant  to  section  305(a)(3)(D)  of   that  Act,  which  shall  be  carried  out  by  the  Federal  Director  to  compare  and  evaluate  standards;    (B)  the  ability  and  availability  of  assessors  and  auditors  to  independently  verify  the  criteria  and  measurement  of  metrics  at  the  scale  necessary  to  implement  this  subtitle;   (C)  the  ability  of  the  applicable  standard  setting  organization  to  collect  and  reflect  public  comment;   (D)  the  ability  of  the  standard  to  be  developed  and  revised  through  a  consensus‐based  process;  (E)  an  evaluation  of  the  robustness  of  the  criteria  for  a  high  performance  green  building,  which  shall  give   credit  for  promoting—     (i)  efficient  and  sustainable  use  of   water,  energy,  and  other  natural  resources;    (ii)  use  of  renewable  energy  sources;     (iii)  improved  indoor  environmental  quality  through  enhanced  indoor  air  quality,  thermal  comfort,   acoustics,  day  lighting,  pollutant  source  control,  and  use  of  low‐emission  materials  and  building  system  controls;     (iv)  reduced  impacts  from  transportation  through  building  location  and  site  design  that  promote  access   by  public  transportation;  and     (v)  such  other  criteria  as  the  Federal  Director  determines  to  be  appropriate;  and   (F)  national  recognition  within  the  building  industry.     A-7