Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten Gray's Anatomie für Studenten iii Übersetzt und herausgegeben von Friedrich Paulse Richard L. Drake, PhD Director of Anatomy, Professor of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Gray's Anatomie für Studenten Seite 1 von 4 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten Wayne Vogl, PhD Professor of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Director of Gross Anatomy, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Adam W. M. Mitchell, MBBS, FRCS, FRCR Consultant Radiologist, Department of Imaging, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK und Honorary Senior Lecturer, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, UK Abbildungen von Richard Tibbitts und Paul Richardson Deutsche Übersetzung herausgegeben von: Professor Dr. med. Friedrich Paulsen Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 978-3-437-41231-8 iii iv Zuschriften und Kritik an: Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag, Lektorat Medizinstudium, Alexander Gattnarzik, Karlstraße 45, 80333 München e-mail: [email protected] Titel der Originalausgabe: Richard L. Drake, Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell: Gray's Anatomy for Students Erschienen 2005 bei Churchill Livingstone – einem Imprint von Elsevier Inc. ISBN 0443-06612-4 © 2005 Elsevier Inc. Wichtiger Hinweis für den Benutzer Die Erkenntnisse in der Medizin unterliegen laufendem Wandel durch Forschung und klinische Erfahrungen. Herausgeber und Autoren dieses Werkes haben große Sorgfalt darauf verwendet, dass die in diesem Werk gemachten therapeutischen Angaben dem derzeitigen Wissensstand entsprechen. Das entbindet den Nutzer dieses Werkes aber nicht von der Verpflichtung, anhand weiterer schriftlicher Informationsquellen zu überprüfen, ob die dort gemachten Angaben von denen in diesem Buch abweichen und seine Entscheidungen in eigener Verantwortung zu treffen. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Gray's Anatomie für Studenten Seite 2 von 4 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Alle Rechte vorbehalten 1. Auflage 2007 © Elsevier GmbH, München Der Urban & Fischer Verlag ist ein Imprint der Elsevier GmbH. 07    08    09    10    11        5    4    3    2    1 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Um den Textfluss nicht zu stören, wurde bei Patienten und Berufsbezeichnungen die grammatikalisch maskuline Form gewählt. Selbstverständlich sind in diesen Fällen immer Frauen und Männer gemeint. Programmleitung: Dr. med. Dorothea Hennessen Lektorat: Dr. rer. nat. Andrea Richarz, Alexander Gattnarzik Redaktion: Dr. med. Sibylle Tönjes, Kiel Korrektorin: Gabriele Bäuml Herstellung: Cornelia Reiter Satz: Kösel, Krugzell Druck und Bindung: Printer Trento, Italien Zeichnungen: Richard Tibbitts, Paul Richardson (für die deutsche Ausgabe zusätzliche Abbildungen von Henriette Rintelen: 4.41 A, 5.33 B, 5.38 B, 6.32 D – K, 6.74 B, 7.92 A, 8.153 A, B, 8.160 B) Umschlaggestaltung: SpieszDesign, Neu-Ulm Gedruckt auf Primaset mat 80 g ISBN 978-3-437-41231-8 Aktuelle Informationen finden Sie im Internet unter www.elsevier.de und www.elsevier.com. iv Gray's Anatomie für Studenten Seite 3 von 4 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten iv xx Vorspann 1 Anatomie und Bildgebung 2 Rücken 3 Thorax 4 Abdomen 5 Becken (Pelvis) und Regio perinealis 6 Untere Extremität 7 Obere Extremität 8 Kopf und Hals Anhang Gray's Anatomie für Studenten Seite 4 von 4 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten xxi Vorspann Editorial advisory board der englischen Originalausgabe Anthony M. Adinolfi, PhD Adjunct Professor Emeritus, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California, USA Kurt H. Albertine, PhD Professor of Pediatrics Medicine (Adjunct), Neurobiology and Anatomy (Adjunct) The University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Gail Amort-Larson, MScOT Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Judith E. Anderson, PhD Professor, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada S. P. Banumathy, MS, PhD Director and Professor, Institute of Anatomy Madurai Medical College Madurai, India David H. Bechhofer, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, New York, USA N. Barry Berg, PhD Assistant Dean; Director, Gross Anatomy Department of Cell and Developmental Biology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, New York, USA Raymond L. Bernor, PhD Professor, Department of Anatomy Howard University College of Medicine Washington, D.C., USA Edward T. Bersu, PhD Vorspann Seite 1 von 19 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten Professor of Anatomy Department of Anatomy University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, Wisconsin, USA Homero Felipe Bianchi, MD Third Chair, Department of Normal Human Anatomy Faculty of Medicine University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina David L. Bolender, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Walter R. Buck, PhD Dean of Preclinical Education Professor of Anatomy and Course Director for Gross Anatomy Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie, Pennsylvania, USA Stephen W. Carmichael, PhD, DSc Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomy Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota, USA Wayne Carver, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA John Chemnitz, MD Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Southern University of Denmark Odense, Denmark Shih-Chieh Chen, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan Sou-De Cheng, PhD Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Chang Gung University T'aoyüan, Taiwan Vorspann Seite 2 von 19 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten Hee-Jung ChoMD, PhD Professor, Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu, Korea Patricia CollinsBSc, PhD Associate Professor Licenced Teacher of Anatomy Anglo-European College of Chiropractic Bournemouth, UK Maria H. Czuzak, PhD Academic Specialist – Anatomical Instructor, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA P.H. Dangerfield MD, ILTM Senior Lecturer, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK Jan DrukkerMD, PhD Emeritus Professor of Anatomy and Embryology Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Maastricht Maastricht, The Netherlands Julian J. Dwornik, BA, MSc, PhD Professor of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa, Florida, USA John Fitzsimmons, MD Assistant Professor, Radiology – Division of Anatomy Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, USA xxi xxii Dr Robert T. Gemmell Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology The University of Queensland St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia Gene F. Giggleman, DVM Dean of Academics Parker College of Chiropractic Dallas, Texas, USA Vorspann Seite 3 von 19 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten Adriana C.Gittenberger-de GrootPhD Professor, Head of Department Department of Anatomy and Embryology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, The Netherlands P. Gopalakrishnakone, MBBS, PhD, FAMS, DSc Professor, Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore J. R. T. Greene, BSc, MBBS, PhD Senior Lecturer, Department of Anatomy University of Bristol Bristol, UK Santos Guzmán LopezPhD Chair, Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Autonomous University of Nueva León Monterrey, Mexico Duane E. Haines, PhD Professor and Chairman; Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Anatomy The University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, Mississippi, USA Jostein Halgunset, MD Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway Benedikt Hallgrimsson, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada Dr Jerimiah C. Healy, MA, MBB, Chir, MRCP, PFCR Department of Radiology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Imperial College School of Medicine London, UK Heikki J. Helminen, MD, PhD Professor and Chairman Vorspann Seite 4 von 19 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten Department of Anatomy University of Knopio Knowpio, Finland Louis Hermo, BA, MSc, PhD Professor, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada Maxwell T. Hincke, PhD (Alberta) Professor and Director, Anatomy Program Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada J. C. Holstege, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Neuroscience Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands Richard F. Hoyt Jr PhD Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts, USA Alan W. Hrycyshyn, MS, PhD Professor, Division of Clinical Anatomy The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Sezgin,Ilgi, PhD Professor, Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey Dr Kanak Iyer, MBBS, MS Professor, Department of Anatomy K.J. Somaiya Medical College Mumbai, India S. Behnamedin Jameie, MSc, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy and Cellular and Molecular Research Center School of Medicine, Basic Science Center Tehran, Iran Elizabeth O. Johnson, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology University of Ioannina Ioannina, Greece Panagiotis Kanavaros, MD, PhD Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology University of Ioannina Vorspann Seite 5 von 19 Gray´s Anatomie für Studenten Ioannina, Greece Lars Kayser, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Medical Anatomy University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark Jeffrey Kerr, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Lars Klimaschewski, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Neuroanatomy Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria Natsis Konstantinos, MD, PhD, BSc Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece Rachel Koshi, MBBS, MS, PhD Professor of Anatomy Department of Anatomy Christian Medical College Vellore, India Jeffrey T. Laitman, PhD Distinguished Professor of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine Professor and Director of Anatomy and Functional Morphology Professor of Otolaryngology Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, New York, USA Alfonso LlamasMD, PhD Professor of Anatomy and Embryology Department of Anatomy Medical School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain xxii xxiii Grahame J. Louw, DVSc Professor, Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa P.W. Lucas, BSc, PhD Vorspann Seite 6 von 19