Madrasat Ahlul’Bait Islamic School Grade 7 History Cover Design by: Zainab Khan Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area First Edition (Revision 2.0) First Printing May, 2005 Second Printing February, 2006 Compilers and Co-Authors: Dr. Hassan Abu Ghaida, Member, Syllabus Committee, Sister Azita Sagarzadeh, Member, Syllabus Committee, Sister Urooj Kazmi, Chair Syllabus Committee, Madrasat Ahlul’Bait, Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area Editors: Sister Urooj Kazmi, Chair Syllabus Committee, Madrasat Ahlul’Bait, Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area Copyright Free & Non-Profit Notice: Madrasat Ahlul’Bait curriculum material can be freely copied, duplicated, reproduced, quoted, distributed, printed, used in derivative works and saved on any media and platform for non-profit and educational purposes only. A fee no higher than the cost of copying may be charged for the material. Note from Madrasat Ahlul’Bait: The Publishers and the Authors have made every effort to present the Quranic verses, prophetic and masomeen traditions, their explanations and the material from the sources referenced in an accurate, complete and clear manner. We ask for forgiveness from Allah (SWT) and the readers if any mistakes have been overlooked during the review process. Contact Information: Any correspondence related to this publication and all notations of errors or omissions should be addressed to Syllabus Committee, Madrasat Ahlul’Bait, Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area at [email protected]. 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SHIA ASSOCIATION OF BAY AREA IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ANY ORGANIZATION, PRODUCT OR VENDOR MENTIONED IN THIS BOOK. 2 Grade 7 History Table of Contents Table of Contents...............................................................................................................................................................3 Foreword............................................................................................................................................................................6 Preface................................................................................................................................................................................7 Section I: Islamic History...................................................................................................................................................8 Chapter 1: Biography of Fatemah Zahra (SA).............................................................................................................9 1.1 Worksheet: Biography of Fatemah Zahra (SA)..................................................................................................14 Chapter 2: Imam Ali’s (a) Biography.........................................................................................................................16 2.1 Worksheet: Imam Alis (a) Biography................................................................................................................18 Chapter 3: In Mecca – Before Hijrah.........................................................................................................................19 3.1 His Conduct at Dhul Ashira...............................................................................................................................19 3.2 The Sacrifice of Imam Ali (A) on the Night of Migration.................................................................................19 3.3 His Fulfillment of the Obligations of the Prophet (s) in Mecca.........................................................................20 3.4 Worksheet: In Mecca – Before Hijrah...............................................................................................................21 Chapter 4: In Medina - After Hijra.............................................................................................................................22 4.1 The Declaration of Brotherhood........................................................................................................................22 4.2 The Marriage of Imam Ali and Fatemah (a)......................................................................................................23 4.3 The Battle of Badr..............................................................................................................................................23 4.4 The Battle of Uhud.............................................................................................................................................24 4.5 The Battle of Ahzab...........................................................................................................................................25 4.6 Removing the Idols from the Holy Kaaba..........................................................................................................25 4.7 Taking up the Standard at Khyber......................................................................................................................26 4.8 Worksheet: In Medina - After Hijra...................................................................................................................27 Chapter 5: The Virtues of Imam Ali (a).....................................................................................................................29 5.1 The Virtues and the Qualities of the Holy Imam (a)..........................................................................................29 5.1.1 His Faith in Allah and the Prophet (s)......................................................................................................29 5.1.2 His Knowledge.........................................................................................................................................29 5.1.3 His Bravery...............................................................................................................................................30 5.1.4 His Eloquence...........................................................................................................................................30 5.1.5 His Ability to Govern...............................................................................................................................30 5.1.6 His Piety...................................................................................................................................................30 5.1.7 His Generosity..........................................................................................................................................30 5.2 To Love the Holy Imam (a) and to be his Shia..................................................................................................30 5.3 Worksheet: The Virtues of Imam Ali (a)...........................................................................................................32 Chapter 6: The Event of Ghadeer Khum....................................................................................................................34 6.1 The Farewell Pilgrimage....................................................................................................................................34 6.1.1 Date and Location.....................................................................................................................................34 6.1.2 Revelation of Qur'anic Verse 5:67............................................................................................................34 6.1.3 The Sermon..............................................................................................................................................34 6.1.4 Tradition of the Two Weighty Things (thaqalayn)...................................................................................35 6.1.5 Acknowledgement of Authority...............................................................................................................35 6.1.6 Revelation of Qur'anic Verse 5:3..............................................................................................................36 6.1.7 Hassan b. Thabit's poetry..........................................................................................................................36 6.1.8 Oath of Allegiance....................................................................................................................................36 6.1.9 Number of People in Ghadeer Khum.......................................................................................................36 6.1.10 Revelation of Qur'anic Verse 70:1-3........................................................................................................37 6.2 Worksheet: The Event of Ghadeer Khum..........................................................................................................38 Chapter 7: The Event of Saqifa..................................................................................................................................39 7.1 The Last Days of the Prophet (s)........................................................................................................................39 7.2 Worksheet: The Event of Saqifa.........................................................................................................................43 Chapter 8: Abu Bakr - The First Caliph.....................................................................................................................45 8.1 Worksheet: Abu Bakr – The First Caliph...........................................................................................................47 Chapter 9: Umar - The Second Caliph.......................................................................................................................49 Grade 7 History 3 9.1 Worksheet: Umar - The Second Caliph.............................................................................................................52 Chapter 10: Othman – The Third Caliph......................................................................................................................53 10.1 Worksheet: Othman – The Third Caliph.......................................................................................................56 Chapter 11: The Caliphate of Imam Ali (a)..................................................................................................................58 11.1 Worksheet: Caliphate of Imam Ali (a)..........................................................................................................61 Chapter 12: The Battle of Jamal...................................................................................................................................63 12.1 Worksheet: The Battle of Jamal....................................................................................................................66 Chapter 13: The Battle of Siffeen.................................................................................................................................68 13.1 Worksheet: Battle of Siffeen.........................................................................................................................71 Chapter 14: The Battle of Nahrawan............................................................................................................................73 14.1 Worksheet: The Battle of Nahrawan..............................................................................................................75 Chapter 15: The Martyrdom of Imam Ali (a)...............................................................................................................77 15.1 Worksheet: The Martyrdom of Imam Ali (a)................................................................................................79 SECTION II: Special Occasions......................................................................................................................................81 Chapter 16: Imam Hussein (a) & the Events at Kerbala..............................................................................................82 16.1 Journey of Imam Hussein (a) from Medina to Iraq.......................................................................................83 16.2 Ashura...........................................................................................................................................................84 16.3 Conclusions...................................................................................................................................................84 16.4 Worksheet: Imam Hussein (a) and the Events at Kerbala.............................................................................86 Chapter 17: Ali Akbar (a) – Son of Imam Hussein(a)..................................................................................................88 17.1 Worksheet: Ali Akbar (a) - Son of Imam Hussein (a)...................................................................................94 Chapter 18: Abbas Ibn Ali Ibn Abu Talib (a)...............................................................................................................96 18.1 Pure lineage...................................................................................................................................................96 18.2 Childhood and Upbringing............................................................................................................................97 18.3 Name and Titles of Abbas Ibn Ali (a)...........................................................................................................98 18.3.1 Al-Abbas...................................................................................................................................................98 18.3.2 Abu’l-Fadhl..............................................................................................................................................98 18.3.3 Abu-Qirba.................................................................................................................................................99 18.3.4 Abu’l-Qasim.............................................................................................................................................99 18.3.5 Qamar Bani Hashim.................................................................................................................................99 18.3.6 As-Saqqaa.................................................................................................................................................99 18.3.7 Battal ul-Alqami.....................................................................................................................................101 18.3.8 Hamil ul-Liwaa.......................................................................................................................................101 18.3.9 Kebsh ul-Kateeba...................................................................................................................................101 18.3.10 Al-Ameed..........................................................................................................................................102 18.3.11 Bab ul-Hawaaij..................................................................................................................................102 18.3.12 Ash-Shahid........................................................................................................................................102 18.3.13 Al-Abd us-Salih.................................................................................................................................103 18.3.14 Al-Aabid............................................................................................................................................103 18.3.15 Bab Ul-Hussein..................................................................................................................................103 18.4 Worksheet: Abbas Ibn Ali Ibn Abu Talib (a)..............................................................................................105 Appendix A: Important Personalities to Remember.......................................................................................................107 18.5 Abu Talib.....................................................................................................................................................107 18.6 Abdul Muttalib............................................................................................................................................107 18.7 Abu Sufiyan.................................................................................................................................................107 18.8 Hamzah........................................................................................................................................................107 18.9 Aqeel...........................................................................................................................................................107 18.10 Khalid Bin Al-Walid...................................................................................................................................108 18.11 Ossama........................................................................................................................................................108 18.12 Sa’ad Bin Abada..........................................................................................................................................108 18.13 Ammar Bin Yasir........................................................................................................................................108 18.14 Salman Al-Farsi...........................................................................................................................................108 18.15 Al-Moqdad..................................................................................................................................................108 18.16 Muawiyah....................................................................................................................................................108 18.17 Talha............................................................................................................................................................109 18.18 Al-Zubayr....................................................................................................................................................109 18.19 Umm Al-Banin............................................................................................................................................109 4 Grade 7 History 18.20 Malik Al-Ashtar..........................................................................................................................................109 18.21 Amr Bin Al-A’hss.......................................................................................................................................109 18.22 Abu Mussa Al-Asha’rry..............................................................................................................................110 18.23 Mohammed Bin Abi Bakr...........................................................................................................................110 18.24 Abu Thar.....................................................................................................................................................110 18.25 Marwan Bin Al-Hakam...............................................................................................................................110 18.26 Kumail.........................................................................................................................................................110 18.27 Maitham Al-Tammar...................................................................................................................................110 Appendix B: Sayings to Remember................................................................................................................................111 Appendix C: History Review Questions........................................................................................................................112 Appendix D: Maps.........................................................................................................................................................116 Appendix E: Genealogy Chart........................................................................................................................................119 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................................................121 Grade 7 History 5 In the Name of Allah the Most Gracious Most Merciful Foreword The material presented in this document is a result of an effort made by the personnel of the school of Ahlul’Bait of the Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area Islamic Center at San Jose, California in cooperation with several schools of Ahlul’Bait at London-Stanmore, London-Hujjat, Vancouver, Minnesota and Toronto. We, at San Jose, looked at material from London-Stanmore, London-Hujjat, Vancouver, Minnesota, Toronto and Irvine's Islamic institutions, as well as that available at various web-sites to compile age appropriate textbooks for use by our students. We thank the institutions that were kind enough to provide us with the electronic files of their curriculum. We used some of what they had and added to it what we felt was appropriate. We included more worksheets and pictures where deemed necessary. We also added some new topics that, we felt are important to the students. We had two important goals in mind while working on this document. First, introduce the students to the important Islamic concepts and beliefs that are crucial for him/her to know. Second, expose the students to as many Quranic verses and sayings from Prophet Muhammad (p) and his Ahlul’Bait (a) as possible. We thank Hujjatul Islam Maulana Nabi Raza Abidi for his spiritual guidance. We hope future efforts will continue taking place until reaching our goal of having a strong, rich and unified curriculum for the schools of Ahlul’Bait for all ages. Syllabus Committee Madrasat Ahlul’Bait 6 Grade 7 History Preface This book starts with a short biography of Lady Fatemah (s) and then covers the entire period of Imam Ali’s (a) life. In this book, history continues itself after the death of Prophet Muhammad (s). It therefore also covers the time period of the Caliphs after Prophet Muhammad (s). As in all the history books, there is also a section on Muharram that catches a glimpse of some of the greatest martyrs in the history of Islam. Grade 7 History 7 Section I: Islamic History 8 Grade 7 History Chapter 1: Biography of Fatemah Zahra (SA) Looking back in history, most if not all the human societies considered women unimportant and irrelevant when it came to political and social events. Men were physically more aggressive therefore they dominated the society. Women were property of men. They could be purchased, mistreated, or killed just like animals. This view was strongly challenged by the Prophet of Islam. Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) portrayed a woman as a human who has just the same social rights and freedom as a man. He held that view and acted upon it to the last day of his life. Unfortunately as much as he tried to change the ignorant, old views that were held by human cultures for centuries, many Muslim societies up to this date still treat women badly and not in accordance with Islamic laws. That is why when imperialism raised the slogan of women’s freedom many women embraced it without having a real understanding of what it meant. Freedom that Western Imperialism offered allowed a woman to work in any kind of job, wear any kind of clothes, and behave in any manner that she liked. In other words she could hold jobs that were traditionally held by men. This was called freedom. Of course if a woman was driving a truck and was away from her home for days, she could not attend to the needs of her family but that was also freedom, free from family responsibilities! The woman who used to be the slave of an ignorant, superstitious society now became slave of a greedy imperialistic society. Her previous condition was bad and her present condition is even worse because previously she was physically slaved and now she is mentally slaved. Before she knew that she had no freedom, now she thinks she is free where indeed she is a slave of a commercialized society that utilizes her as a commodity to feed its infinite appetite. Knowing all this, to escape both ways of life we need to understand real laws and codes of conduct for Muslim women. Have we ever had women in our history that we can use as a role model? The answer is “Yes” we have had a few very good role models such as: Lady Khadijah (S.A.), Fatemah (S.A.), and Zainab (S.A.). From being a businesswoman to politician they bravely walked through territories that were forbidden to women in their time. Each of these ladies performed an incredible role in their own time and left a remarkable print in history. Here is a brief life history of one of them. Our Lady of Light was born on Friday the 20th of Jammadi Ussani. She was named Fatemah meaning separated and that is because her followers are separated from Hell because of her. She had many titles and nicknames the most famous one being Zahra means luminous. Imam Sadiq (A.S.) said:” When Fatemah prayed, she shined for the Heavens as the stars shine for people on earth.” Grade 7 History 9 Most Shia and Sunni commentators believe that Surah Kawthar (Extreme Blessing) came down in connection with her birth. The love of Fatemah for her father and vice versa was immense. Whenever Lady Fatemah (SA) arrived the Prophet (PBUH) would get up from his place, kiss her and make her sit next to himself. This was not only to show respect to her but also to set an example for Muslim men in their behavior toward Muslim women. The Prophet (PBUH) used to say;” Fatemah is a piece of me, whoever tortures her has tortured me, and whoever pleases her has pleased me.” One day he said to her;” O Fatemah God gets pleased on you being pleased and gets furious due to your unhappiness.” She was six years old when her mother Bibi Khadijah (SA) passed away. After the death of her mother she always looked after her father. Whenever the Prophet (PBUH) came home injured from harassing enemies she would wash the blood from his face, dress his wounds, and encouraged him with her sweet conversation. At such times when the Prophet was a stranger in his own land and was struggling against ignorance, it was Fatemah (SA) who strengthened his hopes. That is why the Prophet used to say:” May your father sacrifice his life upon you.” He also called her “ Mother of Her Father” because she was like a mother to her father. Being brought up by her father, Fatemah (SA) not only adopted his graceful manner but also became well acquainted with Qur’an and religious laws. Once she grew older, many men including Abu Bakr and Omar asked her hand in marriage. But the Prophet (PBUH) said,” I am waiting for revelation in this connection.” The revelation came, God ordered,” Oh my Prophet get the Light (Noor) married to the Light” i.e. Get Fatemah (SA) married to Ali (AS). When Ali (AS) approached the Prophet (PBUH) to request the hand of Fatemah (SA) in marriage he had nothing from the wealth of the world. The Prophet (PBUH) asked Fatemah (SA) her opinion by saying;” Oh daughter you know fully well that Ali (AS) was the first ever faithful out of the lot. I had prayed to God, to give the best husband to you. Therefore, God has selected Ali (AS) for your husband, so what is your opinion?” Fatemah (AS) remained silent. The father took her silence as the token of her being agreed and arranged the ceremony that was modest and not fancy. The Prophet told the couple that they were the best people for each other and sent them to their home that was eight kilometers from Medina where the Prophet (PBUH) had stayed on migration from Mecca and had waited a week for Ali (AS). But soon they moved back to Medina and resided in a house next to the Prophet’s house because the father and daughter could not tolerate separation from each other. This is the same house of Ahlul Bait of purity and piety that is praised by the Holy Qur’an. 10 Grade 7 History