Universal Free E-Book Store Donate Us, In order to keep our Service Alive, We have to pay for placing files (Abstracts, Books, Literature & Software) on File Hosting Servers, Your donations will make our process of payment a bit easier, Please use any one of the Payment Gateway for Donation. Never matter what amount you donate (10’s or 100’s or 1000’s). Universal Free E-Book Store or http://url-s.gq/paypal or http://url-s.gq/payumoney Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of THERAPEUTICS Universal Free E-Book Store Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the pos- sibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in par- ticular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Universal Free E-Book Store Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of THERAPEUTICS twelfth edition editor Laurence L. Brunton, PhD Professor of Pharmacology and Medicine School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California associate editors Bruce A. Chabner, MD Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Director of Clinical Research Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center Boston, Massachusetts Björn C. Knollmann, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Universal Free E-Book Store Copyright © 2011, 2006, 1996, 1990, 1985, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1955, 1941 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-176939-6 MHID: 0-07-176939-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-162442-8, MHID: 0-07-162442-2. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at