J OURNAL of the A DELAIDE B G OTANIC ARDENS AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FOR AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY flora.sa.gov.au/jabg Published by the STATE HERBARIUM OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on behalf of the BOARD OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS AND STATE HERBARIUM © Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Government of South Australia All rights reserved State Herbarium of South Australia PO Box 2732 Kent Town SA 5071 Australia Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 27 (2014) 47–56 © 2014 Board of the Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium (South Australia) © 2014 Department of Environment, Water & Natural Resources, Govt of South Australia Goodenia valdentata (Goodeniaceae), a new rare species endemic to Davenport Range, South Australia P.J. Lang State Herbarium of South Australia, P.O. Box 2732, Kent Town, South Australia 5071 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new arid zone species endemic to Davenport Range in South Australia is formally described as Goodenia valdentata P.J.Lang. It belongs in subsection Goodenia and fits within a group of species allied to G. grandiflora Sims. Previously, G. valdentata has been confused with Goodenia saccata Carolin and G. chambersii F.Muell., and characters distinguishing the three species are tabulated. Goodenia valdentata appears most closely related to G. chambersii, with G. saccata a more distant relative strongly linked to G. albiflora Schldl. by the synapomorphies of crenulate- laciniate corolla wing margins and flattened, short, white hairs inside the corolla. Based on its restricted range G. valdentata warrants listing as rare in South Australia. Keywords: biodiversity, new species, taxonomy, Australia, Goodenia subsect. Goodenia. This new species of Goodenia Sm. was first col- an acute to acuminate apex; midrib prominent on lected by B.G. (Bruce) Andrews1 in October 1968 on abaxial surface, strongly and sharply raised at base, Nilpinna Station. It is represented by nine collections in gradually shallower towards apex and disappearing the State Herbarium of South Australia (AD), all from near base of the terminal tooth (but continuing almost the vicinity of Davenport Range, a small isolated range to the apex in upper inflorescence leaf-bracts); mid on the boundary between Nilpinna and Peake Stations, vein only weakly evident in lower two thirds of adaxial c. 750 km NNW of Adelaide. Six of the existing AD surface; both surfaces finely velvety with patent, stiff, collections have hitherto been identified as Goodenia short, fine, simple hairs, c. 0.1 mm long, and obscure, saccata Carolin and the other three as G. chambersii sparse, short glandular hairs. Inflorescence: flowers F.Muell. (State Herbarium of South Australia 2013). solitary, or rarely 2-flowered, in axils of upper stems, Although related to these species, comparison of her- forming weakly differentiated leafy racemes or rarely barium material shows that the new taxon is consistently thyrses; bracts leaf-like, becoming more elongate and and clearly distinct from both. deeply-toothed up the stem; peduncles 1–1.5 mm long; bracteoles very narrowly lanceolate, 6–10.5 × 0.8–1.2 Goodenia valdentata P.J.Lang, sp. nov. mm, with mid-rib on abaxial side; pedicels angular, Typus: F.J.Badman per W.R.Barker 5267, 28 Aug. 5–11 mm long, persistent, articulate 1.2–2 mm below 1986, 0.5 km SE of Levi Springs Bore, 28°22’35”S 136°09’32”E, Lake Eyre Region, South Australia, base of ovary. Hypanthium with 5 prominent, velvety (holo.: AD 99524087; iso.: CANB, K). ribs continuous with calyx lobes and covered in dense, Goodenia saccata auct. non Carolin: Jessop, List Vasc. Pl. S. simple hairs, intervening areas with mid-dense, short, Austral. ed 4, 87 (1993), as to LE occurrence. glandular hairs, 5–7.8 mm long, grading into a basal stalk, 1.2–2 mm long. Calyx lobes green, leafy, narrow- Perennial, erect-stemmed subshrub to 80 × 80 cm. lanceolate, 5.7–8 × 1.1–1.5 mm, with a midrib in the Stems branched, with a fine, velvety indumentum of lower 1/2–2/3, often with 1–3 (–4) weak teeth. Corolla dense, short, simple hairs and sparse, short, glandular a bright, rich yellow, often with purple veining inside hairs; prominently ridged, becoming woody. Leaves on the lower part, 25–30 mm long, articulate; outside usually with 1–6 widely spaced, patent, narrow petiolar pubescent with dense, patent, short, fine, simple hairs; lobes or pinnae 2–5 mm long, arising along the petiole inside glabrous apart from fine, soft hairs at base of 7–20 (–25) mm long; lamina narrowly ovate to ovate, the tube, rows of prominent enations present in basal 16–36 (–46) × 9–25 mm, deeply and coarsely dentate parts; pouch on upper 1/3–1/2 of the hypanthium, with 14–25 (–29) teeth (including 1–9 (–13) secondary 2.5–4.5 mm long, shallow; lobes distinct from wings, teeth), primary teeth 1.5–5 mm long with an elon- lanceolate to narrow-triangular, with apices acute to gated terminal tooth, 2.5–7.5 (–9) mm long, forming acuminate, with a narrow blunt tip extending a little 1 B.G. Andrews was briefly working in the area for North beyond the wings; wings entire, with sparse, marginal Broken Hill Ltd and developed an interest in the local flora; he setae 0.4–0.7 mm long, not projected beyond lobe apex submitted a total of 79 collections to the State Herbarium, all but gradually, or abruptly, narrowed apically to form a made in 1968. Published online: 24 Dec. 2014 • flora.sa.gov.au/jabg 47 ISSN 0313-4083 (Print) • ISSN 2201-9855 (Online) 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 47 19/12/2014 12:48:42 PM P.J. Lang J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) 1 2 3 Fig. 1–3. Goodenia valdentata. 1 habit and habitat: flowering shrub on sandstone outcrop; 2 flowers and foliage; 3 detail of leaves. — D.E.Murfet 7034 et al. Photos: D.J. Duval, S.A. Seed Conservation Centre. 48 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 48 19/12/2014 12:48:44 PM J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) New Goodenia from Davenport Range (Goodeniaceae) Fig. 4. G. valdentata. Flowers, showing tapered corolla wings, and style Fig. 5. G. chambersii. Flowers, showing the abruptly terminated corolla with fine spreading hairs visible on the upper part. — D.E.Murfet wings and absence of hairs around the style apex. — D.J.Duval 1888 7034 et al. Photo: D.J. Duval, S.A. Seed Conservation Centre. & M.J.Thorpe. Photo: D.J. Duval, S.A. Seed Conservation Centre. combined acute to obtuse apex. Adaxial corolla lobes grandiflora Sims, a widespread and variable species diverging from fused corolla at 7–10 mm from base, extending from coastal N.S.W. and Qld to the ranges 12–18 mm × 1.9–2.5 mm; wings ± equal, 7–12 × 1.4–2 of central Australia in N.T., and W.A. The group also mm; lacking distinct auricles. Abaxial corolla lobes includes G. brunnea Carolin, G. kingiana Carolin, and separating at a further 3.5–6.5 mm past divergence of G. macmillanii F.Muell., as well as G. chambersii, G. adaxial lobes, 10.5–16 × 2.5–3.5 mm; wings 7–9 × saccata and possibly G. albiflora Schltdl., all species 1.5–2.8 mm. Stamen filaments linear, 7–7.5 mm long; that have been previously treated as G. grandiflora anthers narrowly oblong to linear, 2.2–3.7 × 0.5–0.7 or varieties thereof. Species of this group are shrubby mm, apiculate, with small, ovate extension 0.3–0.6 mm perennials (excepting G. albiflora which is a renascent long. Style 16–21 mm long, pale cream with some short, rhizomatous perennial), and they are usually long-lived, glandular hairs and soft, fine, spreading hairs, 0.5–1 mm and found on rocky substrates. Goodenia valdentata is long, for almost its entire length, but becoming purple clearly distinct from all these species, but is most like and with longer hairs to 1.5 mm near junction with G. grandiflora, G. chambersii and G. saccata in its indusium. Indusium inclined forwards at almost right- general appearance. It differs from G. grandiflora by angles to style, pale purplish-grey, obovoid-trapezoid, its narrower leaves that are never cordate at the base, 2–2.6 mm long, dorsiventrally compressed, with apical the more deeply serrate leaf margin, and consistently margin lightly convex from above and 3.8–4.1 mm ciliate corolla wings (with long sparse setae) that taper to the lobe apex. Goodenia valdentata most closely wide, base 2.1–2.5 mm wide, glabrous except for some resembles the two South Australian endemic species, long hairs in a darker, purplish zone at its base, orifice G. chambersii and G. saccata, with which it has been beset with dense, white bristles 0.4–0.6 mm long. Fruit previously confused. Diagnostic characters separating ellipsoid, 10–14 × 5–7 mm, tapered at base into a short these three taxa are summarised in Table 1. stalk, 0.5–2.5 mm long, 2-valved; valves extending 2–3 Goodenia valdentata has distinctive corolla wings mm beyond attachment of calyx lobes, apices rostrate that are gradually to steeply tapered apically (Fig. 4) and usually bifid, sometimes splitting towards base and rather than abruptly terminated. Combined with the giving the appearance of a 4-valved fruit; septum 2/3– main body of the lobe this produces an obtuse to acute 3/4 the length of loculus. Seeds light brown, broadly apex. In contrast, the combined apex in G. chambersii elliptic, 3.6–4.1 × 2.3–2.6 mm, papillulose, surrounded is truncate (Fig. 5) or often emarginate where the wings by a raised thickened margin with a squared-off edge. are angled forwards beyond the apex; in G. saccata it is Fig. 1–4, 7, 10. truncate with the lobe apex protruding as a short acute Diagnostic features. The new species has bracteolate pe- extension. dicels and falls in subsection Goodenia (Carolin 1992), The three species can also be separated on leaf cha- comprising over 53 species. Within this subsection racters alone. The leaves of Goodenia valdentata are it belongs with a loose group of species allied to G. distinctive by their longer lateral teeth (to > 3 mm) 49 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 49 19/12/2014 12:48:46 PM P.J. Lang J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) Fig. 6. Isotype of G. saccata (detail), showing short white flattened hairs on inside of corolla and crenulate-laciniate wing mar gins. — Fig. 7. G. valdentata seed. — LHS: BS69-25204; RHS: B.Andrews, 10 Hj.Eichler 12676 (MEL 23070). Photo: JSTOR Global Plants. Oct. 1968. and the attenuate terminal tooth that is especially grandiflora emerged as well separated sister species. pronounced on the upper leaf-bracts (Fig. 3 & 10). They The distinctive seed features of G. chambersii (more are consistently more elongate than the ovate-orbicular prominent sculpturing and a smoother, more tapered leaves of G. chambersi and approach those of G. rim) are not shared by G. valdentata or G. saccata, saccata in their general shape, but differ by their deeper, which both have seeds with a squared rim typical of more regular teeth. By contrast G. saccata has more other spe cies in the G. grandiflora group (Fig. 7–9). secondary teeth, producing a somewhat irregular almost Goodenia valdentata is close to G. saccata in general bidentate margin. The leaves of both G. valdentata and leaf shape, presence of petiolar pinnae, its seed G. saccata are strictly speaking pinnatisect and bear 1–6 characters and in having spreading hairs distributed small petiolar pinnae. The pinnae in G. valdentata are over the entire length of the style. However, G. saccata narrower and less well developed than in G. saccata, differs by its lighter and slightly glaucous foliage, while in G. chambersii they are always absent. predominantly white flo wers (see Notes, p. 54), larger An unusual feature of G. valdentata is the develop- corolla tube pouch, and sweet scent (noted as especially ment of 1–3 weak teeth on many of the calyx lobes. strong in the late afternoon). A similar set of features This was observed in four of the six collections of is found in G. calcarata F.Muell.2 and G. albiflora and G. valdentata with flowers but in only seen once is indicative of a pollination syndrome, possibly for in G. saccata (on the holotype), and not at all in G. night-flying insects, such as moths. More importantly, chambersii. Goodenia saccata has two distinctive apomorphic fea- tures that are absent in G. valdentata, but shared with Affinities. Goodenia valdentata is geographically situ- G. albiflora: stiff, short, white, flattened-clavate (to ated between G. chambersii and G. saccata species narrow-oblanceolate) hairs on the inside of the corolla, (Fig. 13) and shares some morphological features of and irregularly crenulate-laciniate corolla wing margins each. Goodenia chambersii is found on breakaways in (Fig. 6). Its closest relationship appears to be with G. gypseous landscapes around Coober Pedy, Arckaringa albiflora rather than G. valdentata. and Evelyn Downs, and also extends southwards in an Overall, the new species appears more closely arc on residuals of the Stuart Range, well to the west of related to G. chambersii than to G. saccata, despite the the range of G. valdentata. Goodenia saccata is endemic obviously divergent leaf morphology of the former. to the northern Flinders Ranges and occurs as three discrete major populations on basement rocks, in the Distribution. Goodenia valdentata is endemic to Daven- Arkaroola-Yankaninna, Blinman-Parachilna-Moolooloo port Range and associated drainage lines, in the Lake and Leigh Creek-Beltana areas. Eyre Region of South Australia (Fig. 13 & 14). It is not Goodenia valdentata matches G. chambersii in its to be confused with the Davenport Range of Northern larger, bright yellow flowers with a mostly glabrous Territory, but is part of a system generally referred to as indusium, prominent enations on the inside of the the Peake and Denison Ranges (Twidale 2007, Ambrose corolla, and entire wings that are distinctly ciliate with et al. 1981), comprising small isolated remnants of the widely-spaced setae, particularly in their lower part. The Adelaide Geosyncline fold belt, from which the Mt latter character was among three highlighted by Carolin 2 Goodenia calcarata (F.Muell) F.Muell. exhibits a similar polli- (1992) in justifying the recognition of G. chambersii as nation syndrome, but has the pouch extended into a prominent distinct from G. grandiflora. This status is supported by nectary spur. However, it appears less closely related and also the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Goodeniaceae differs by its ephemeral habit, entire corolla wing margins, and stiff purple hairs on the inside of the corolla that are slightly by Jabaily et al. (2012) where G. chambersii and G. thickened but not flattened as in G. saccata and G. albiflora. 50 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 50 19/12/2014 12:48:48 PM J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) New Goodenia from Davenport Range (Goodeniaceae) Fig. 8. G. chambersi seed. — LHS: B.Lay 638; RHS: E.H.Ising, 22 Oct. Fig. 9. G. saccata seed. — LHS: K.H.Brewer 640; RHS: L.D.Williams 1955. 11722. Lofty and Flinders Ranges were formed. The range from Biological Survey of S.A. quadrats, data on sur- straddles the boundary of Nilpinna Station and The rounding vegetation indicate a very sparse tree or shrub Peake Station, and populations of G. valdentata occur stratum dominated by Acacia species (A. ligulata, A. on both properties. salicina and A. tetragonophylla) or red gum (Euca lyptus camaldulensis) in the watercourses. Habitat. The major rock type in the Davenport Range is sandstone of the Burra Group from the Late Proterozoic Conservation status. The known range of G. valdentata (S.A. Dept Mines and Energy 1982). Collectors’ field spans 21 × 13 km, based on the seven more precisely notes describe G. valdentata as occurring on rocky located collections (Fig. 14). With such a restricted outcrops or hill slopes (4 collections) or watercourses extent, it clearly warrants listing as a Rare species. There (5 collections). In all but one case, mention is made of are no obvious immediate threats to the conservation the substrate being rocky or having a moderate to dense of this species, but it could also qualify as Vulnerable cobble strew. It is recorded as growing in: crevices of if its distribution within this area is found to be only deep red-brown rocks, skeletal brown soil, clayey sand, sparse and patchy. Using the IUCN 2001 categories as and silty clay loam. The vegetation of Davenport Range adopted by the National Parks and Wildlife Council is mostly Open Woodland dominated by mulga and (2003), a plant may be assigned Vulnerable (VU) status chenopods (Gee et al. 1996). For the two collections under criterion D2 for a restricted area of occupancy (as Amended key to South Australian ± shrubby, cauline-leaved species of subsection Goodenia (‘Group B’ of Carolin & Cooke 1986) 1. Leaves with petiolar pinnae (these often reduced) 2. Leaf lamina lanceolate, viscid, with simple hairs almost absent ...................................... G. brunnea 2: Leaf lamina narrowly to broadly ovate (-triangular), finely velvety, with abundant short, simple hairs 3. Leaf margin irregularly dentate/bidentate, longest lateral teeth 1–3 mm long; corolla mostly off-white with crenate-laciniate wing margins ......................................................... G. saccata 3: Leaf margin strongly and evenly dentate, longest lateral teeth 3–5 mm long; corolla yellow with ± entire wing margins .................................................................... G. valdentata 1: Leaves simple, with petioles lacking pinnae, or sessile 4. Leaves and stems with plentiful glandular and/or non-glandular hairs 5. Leaves petiolate, with abundant simple hairs 6. Leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, green, with fine short erect hairs ............................ G. chambersii 6: Leaves linear to narrowly elliptic, silvery-grey, with appressed T-shaped hairs .................... G. mueckeana 5: Leaves sessile and stem-clasping, with abundant glandular hairs 7. Leaves strongly stem clasping, mostly > 3 cm long; indusium entire ............................ G. amplexans 7: Leaves weakly stem clasping, mostly < 3 cm long; indusium notched ......................... G. benthamiana 4: Leaves and stems glabrous or glabrescent, without conspicuous hairs 8. Leaves strongly glaucous, flowers white ...................................................... G. albiflora 8: Leaves green, flowers yellow 9. Leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate; corolla with minute simple hairs outside .................. G. vernicosa 9: Leaves ovate to elliptic, rarely narrower; corolla lacking simple hairs 10. Leaves thick; sepals 2–4 mm long; bracteoles to 1.5 mm long ................................... G. varia 10: Leaves thin; sepals 3–11 mm long; bracteoles to 6 mm long .................................... G. ovata 51 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 51 19/12/2014 12:48:50 PM P.J. Lang J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) Fig. 10. Goodenia valdentata. Holotype, F.J.Badman per W.R.Barker 5267. 52 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 52 19/12/2014 12:48:57 PM J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) New Goodenia from Davenport Range (Goodeniaceae) e. p y ot ol h 6, 7 6 2 1 er hl c Ei Hj. a. at c c a s a ni e d o o G 2. 1 g. Fi g. n si e I a n e el h G. of e p y at ar p a A, 6 2 6 3 g n si H.I E. sii. er b m a h c a ni e d o o G 1. 1 g. Fi 53 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 53 19/12/2014 12:49:01 PM P.J. Lang J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) Fig. 14. Detail of Goodenia valdentata distribution (+) based on the seven collections with a resolution of 1 km or better. same collection (e.g. the isotype, MEL 23070) they are clearly white. The possibility of yellow-flowered variants within the population cannot be eliminated completely, but it seems unlikely given the absence of Fig. 13. Distribution of Goodenia valdentata, G. chambersii and G. field-based records of yellow-flowered forms, and the saccata, based on AD collections. following evidence. More common species known in the field to be consistently white-flowered such as G. opposed to extent) of “typically less than 20 km2”. albiflora and G. calcarata do sometimes produce dried Currently there is insufficient information to estimate specimens with a yellowish tone on the flowers (e.g. the area of occupancy. Collectors’ field notes merely R.Taylor 507 and D.J.Duval 1544, respectively). Also, describe it as [locally] moderately common or common one herbarium specimen of G. saccata with yellowish (5 collections). To ascertain whether it qualifies as Vul- flowers (K.H.Brewer 546) has field notes describing the nerable, details on population sizes and their coverage flowers as white. In the four other AD collections of G. within the range area are required, so at this stage only saccata with field notes that refer to flower colour, it Rare status is recommended. is also given as white. Further support is provided by Etymology. The epithet valdentata is formed from a recent field observations of the two eastern populations, contraction of the Latin words valde, strongly, and one by the author and several by K. Brewer, who re- dentatus, toothed, and refers to the leaf margin with ported that the flowers were always predominantly prominent teeth, which are more pronounced than in white or “off-white”, although sometimes suffused with related species. yellow towards the base. Notes. One factor contributing to the confusion of G. Goodenia valdentata collections examined other than valdentata with G. saccata is the description of white type, all from AD or yellow flower colour for the latter. Goodenia saccata South AuStrAliA. Lake Eyre: B.Andrews, 10 Oct. 1968, appears to be a consistently white-flowered species, but Nilpinna Station; F.J.Badman 5148, 18 Apr. 1992, Peake its flowers were first described as “cream to yellow” Station, Edith Spring (Dups: BRI, NY); F.J.Badman 7051, (Carolin 1986), and later as “yellow or off-white” 12 Aug. 1993, 13 km NW of Mt Margaret, Peake Station; F.J.Badman 7070, 12 Aug. 1993, 12 km NW of Mt Margaret, (Carolin 1992). It is unlikely that Carolin would have Peake Station; R.Bates 59193, s.dat. [c. 15 Aug. 2001 based seen fresh material and these descriptions are probably on adj. nos.], Davenport Range (SW gorge), Nilpinna (Dups: based on the uniform yellowish tinge to the corolla seen MA, SIU); J.L.Chivell & A.Shalekoff BS69-25204, 1 Mar. on some herbarium specimens, which is probably an 1996, 15.7 ENE Nilpinna; D.E.Murfet 7034, D.J.Duval & artefact of drying and aging. T.S.Te, 9 Oct. 2010, Davenport Range, c. 10 km ESE of Nil- Flowers of the holotype sheet (Fig. 12) appear pinna Station; A.C.Robinson & S.A.Bemmer BS69-28610, particularly yellowish, but on other plants from the 1 Mar. 1996, 23 km ENE Nilpinna Homestead. 54 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 54 19/12/2014 12:49:05 PM J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) New Goodenia from Davenport Range (Goodeniaceae) Table 1. Diagnostic characters distinguishing Goodenia chambersii, G. valdentata and G. saccata. G. chambersi G. valdentata G. saccata Indumentum of stems & leaves simple hairs mid-dense very dense mid-dense glandular hairs sparse to mid-dense, sparse, mid-dense, conspicuous inconspicuous prominent Petiolar pinnae number none 1–6 1–6 shape — narrowly oblong narrowly triangular to triangular Lamina shape broadly ovate to orbicular narrowly ovate to ovate (narrowly-) ovate to broadly ovate-triangular length/width ratio 0.9–1.3 1.4–2.0 1.0–2.2 Leaf margins crenate-dentate prominently & acutely dentate irregularly compound-dentate elongate terminal tooth number of teeth 9–20 14–25 18–45 secondary teeth rare few many lateral tooth length (max.) 0.8–3 mm 3–5 mm 1–3 mm terminal tooth length to 4.5 mm to 7.5 mm to 4 mm Flowers per axil 1–3 1 (–2) 1–3 Corolla colour yellow bright yellow mostly off-white pouch shallow, on upper 1/2 shallow, on upper 1/3-1/2 prominent, on upper 2/3–3/4 of hypanthium of hypanthium of hypanthium enations yes yes absent, or a few weak ones vestiture inside pilose in lower 1/3–1/2 pilose only near base hispid, flattened straight white hairs in lower 2/3–3/4 wing margins entire entire crenulate-laciniate wing marginal setae yes yes no wing termination not tapered apically, often gradually to steeply tapered usually abruptly terminated projecting beyond lobe apically, not exceeding lobe short of lobe apex lobe & wing apex truncate or emarginate acute or obtuse truncate with protruding tip Style spreading hairs only in lower 1/2–2/3, and entire length entire length near base of indusium indusium surface mostly glabrous mostly glabrous hirsute with soft hairs Seed mature colour mid to dark (reddish-) brown pale brown pale brown margin flush or slightly raised strongly raised, strongly raised, rim tapered or rounded flat with squared-off edges flat with squared-off edges sculpture papillose-verrucose papillulose papillulose Goodenia chambersii, selected specimens (of 27 seen), Goodenia saccata, selected specimens (of 25 seen), all from AD (except otherwise indicated) all from AD South AuStrAliA. Lake Eyre: D.J.Duval 1888, 1 Sep. South AuStrAliA. Flinders Ranges: H.W.Andrew, Aug. 2010, 4 km E Arckaringa Station; E.H.Ising 3626A, 15 Oct. 1920, Mt Bayley, near Beltana; K.H.Brewer 546 & T.S.Te, 1950, Evelyn Downs, 90 miles SW of Oodnadatta (Dups: 26 Nov. 2010, Glass Gorge road, c. 5 km from Parachilna MEL, K, BM, P, TI, US, CANB); E.H.Ising, 22 Oct. 1955, Gorge; K.H.Brewer 640 & K.Waugh, 9 Dec. 2011, between Evelyn Downs, Oodnadatta; P.J.Lang BSOP-438, 12 May Yankaninna Homestead and the outstation at Owieandana; 2000, Just inside western boundary of Arckaringa Station; P.E.Conrick AD28, Aug. 1979, Arkaroola; Hj.Eichler 12676, B.Lay 638, 11 Oct. 1971, Residuals of Stuart Range, c. 80 17 Sep. 1956, Gammon Ranges, near mouth of gorge of km NW of Millers Creek Station, Balta Baltana; J.McDouall Arcoona Creek, south of Arcoona Bluff Range (holotype: AD Stuart (expedition), 1859, N.W. interior of South Australia 95710018; isotypes: MEL 23070, B, L, images seen; BRI, (lectotype: MEL 23048; isotype: K; images seen); T.Webb 9, NSW, BM, K, NE, P, TI, UC, US, n.v.); Hj.Eichler 12997, 21 Sep. 2010, c. 10 km E of Coober Pedy; H.P.Vonow 3535 26 Sep. 1956, Aroona Dam, 6.5 km SW of Copley (Dup.: et al., 14 Dec. 2010, Arckaringa Station, S of Wurley Hole; CAL); E.H.Ising 511, 7 Oct. 1918, Witchen’s Well, Moo- J.H.Willis, 23 Jul. 1979, Allandale Homestead, SE of Oodna- looloo; D.N.Kraehenbuehl 23, 5 Oct. 1958, Near junction of datta (Dup. of MEL 2118360). Moolooloo and Parachilna roads (Dup.: RSA); D.E.Symon 55 14-03 Lang 01.cs6.indd 55 19/12/2014 12:49:06 PM