GOD'S EMPOWERING PRESENCE OD'S OWERIN RESENCE THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE LETTERS OF PAUL GORDON D. FEE r& , HENDRICKSON ~~ PUB LIS HER S Copyright © 1994 by Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. P. O. Box 3473 Peabody, Massachusetts, 01961-3473 All rights reserveq Printed in the United States of America ISBN Q-943575-94-X Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fee, Gordon D. God's empowering presence: the Holy Spirit in the letters of Paul Gordon D. Fee p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN Q-943575-94-X 1. Holy Spirit-Biblical teaching. 2. Bible. N. T . Epistles of Paul-Criticism, interpretation, etc. I. Title BS2655.H67F44 1994 231' .3'09015-dc20 93-41933 CIP Material from "Pauline Literature" in the Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements, Stanley M. Burgess and Gary B. McGee, eds., Patrick H. Alexander, assoc. ed., © 1988 Stanley M. Burgess, Gary B. McGee, and Patrick H. Alexander, was used with the permission of Zondervan Publishing House. Portions of chapter 4, "I Corinthians," were adapted from Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians, in the New International Commentary series, © 1987 bY'Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, and is used with the gracious permission of the publisher. for Carl and Betsy Michael and Rosemary Peter and Donna Paul and Gail and Maudine with gratitude for providing a context for the birthing of this book; may God's Empowering Presence be your portion TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS. . AUTHOR'S PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . A "Theology" of the Spirit? . God's Empowering Presence About the Book Itself . . . Finding the Elusive "Center" 2 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON USAGE. The Use of 1tVEUJ.lU in Paul The Holy Spirit or a holy spirit Holy Spirit or human spirit . . "The Spirit of" or "a spirit of" . The Meaning of the Adjective 1tVEUJ.lU"tllC6C; The Term xaplC1J.lU in Paul . . . . . The Spirit and the Language of Power . . Part I-Analysis 3 THE THESSALONIAN CORRESPONDENCE 1 Thessalonians . 1 Thes 1:4-6 1 Thes 2:15. . 1 Thes 4:8 . . 1 Thes 5:16-18 1 Thes 5:19-22 1 Thes 5:23-24 xvii xxi 1 2 5 9 11 14 14 15 24 26 28 32 35 39 40 40 49 50 53 55 63 viii GOD'S EMPOWERING PRESENCE 2 Thessalonians , 67 2 Thes 1:11 . 68 2 Thes 2:1-2 71 2 Thes 2:8 . 75 2 Thes 2:9 . 76 2 Thes 2:13 77 Conclusion . 79 4 1 CORINTHIANS 81 1 Cor 1:4-7 84 1 Cor 2:4-5 90 1 Cor 2:6-3:2 . 93 1 Cor 3:16-17 . ll2 1 Cor 4:18-21 . ll8 1 Cor 5:3-5 121 1 Cor 6:11 127 1 Cor 6:14 . 132 1 Cor 6:17 . 132 1 Cor 6:19-20 134 1 Cor 7:7 137 1 Cor 7:34 . 138 1 Cor 7:40 . 139 1 Cor 9:11 140 1 Cor 10:3-4 141 1 Cor 11:4-5 144 1 Corinthians 12:1-14:40 146 1 Cor 12:1-3 151 1 Cor 12:4-11 . 158 1 Cor 12:12-14 175 1 Cor 12:15-26 183 1 Cor 12:27-31 187 1 Cor 13:1-3 197 1 Cor 13:8-11 . 204 1 Corinthians 14:1-25 214 1 Cor 14:1-5 215 1 Cor 14:6-19 . 221 1 Cor 14:20-25 235 1 Cor 14:26-33 247 1 Cor 14:36-40 257 1 Cor 15:42-46 262 1 Cor 16:18 269 Conclusions 269 Excursus: On the Text of 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 . 272 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix 5 .2 CORINTHIANS . 282 2 Cor 1:11 285 2 Cor 1:12 . 286 2 Cor 1:21-22 287 2 Cor 2:13 . 296 2 Corinthians 3:1-18 . 296 2 Cor 3:3 302 2 Cor 3:6 304 2 Cor 3:8 307 2 Cor 3:16-18 309 2 Cor 4:1-6 320 2 Cor 4:7 321 2 Cor 4:10-12 322 2 Cor 4:13 . 323 2 Cor 4:16 324 2 Cor 5:5 324 2 Cor 5:13 . 327 2 Cor 5:16-17 330 2 Cor 6:6-7 332 2 Cor 6:16-7:1 336 2 Cor 7:13 338 2 Cor 8:7 339 2 Corinthians 10-13 340 2 Cor 10:2-4 340 2 Cor 11:4 . 342 2 Cor 11:6 . 345 2 Cor 12:1-10 346 2 Cor 12:12 354 2 Cor 12:18 357 2 Cor 13:3-4 359 2 Cor 13:13[14J 362 Conclusion . 365 6 GALATIANS. 367 Gal 2:2 372 GaI2:19b-20 . 373 Galatians 3:1-4:11 . 377 Gal 3:1-5 380 Gal 3:13-14 390 Gal 3:15-18 395 Gal 3:21-22 397 Gal 4:4-7 398 Gal 4:29 413 GaI5:4b-6. 416 X GOD'S EMPOWERING PRESENCE Galatians 5:13-6:10 420 Gal 5:13-15 425 Gal 5:16-18 427 Gal 5:19-23 439 Gal 5:24-26 454 Gal 6:1-3 458 Gal 6:7-10 . 464 Gal 6:18 , 468 Conclusions 469 7 ROMANS, 472 Romans 1:1-15 476 Rom 1:2. 477 Rom 1:3-4 , 478 Rom 1:9. 484 Rom 1:11 486 Rom 2:29 489 Rom 5:5. 493 Rom 5:15-16 498 Romans 6:1-8:39 499 Rom 6:4 501 Rom 6:23 502 Rom 7:4-6. 503 Rom 7:14. 18 . 508 Romans 8:1-30 515 Rom 8:1-2 . 519 Rom 8:3-4. 527 Rom 8:5-8. 538 Rom 8:9-11 542 Rom 8:12-13 555 Rom 8:14-17 560 Romans 8:18-30 570 Rom 8:22-23 . 572 Rom 8:26-27 . 575 Rom 8:28-30 . 587 Rom 9:1. 591 Rom 11:8 594 Rom 11:29 . 594 Romans 12:1-15:13 594 Rom 12:1-2 597 Rom 12:3-8 604 Rom 12:11 . 611 Rom 13:8-10 613 Rom 13:11-14 . 614 Romans 14:1-15:13 Rom 14:16-18 Rom 15:13 ... Romans 15:14-33 Rom 15:14 .. Rom 15:16 .. Rom 15:18-19 Rom 15:27 . Rom 15:30 . Conclusions " TABLE OF CONTENTS 8 THE CAPTIVITY EPISTLES: PHILEMON AND COLOSSIANS Philemon Colossians Col 1:7-8 Col 1:9-12 Col 1:29 . Col2:5 . Col 3:10 . Col 3:15 . Col 3:16 . Conclusions 9 THE CAPTIVITY EPISTLES: EPHESIANS Ephesians 1:3-14 Eph 1:3 .... Eph 1:13-14 . . Ephesians 1:15-2:10 Eph 1:17-20 . Eph 2:2 .... Eph 2:3 (2:11) . Ephesians 2:11-22 Eph 2:17-18 . . Eph 2:19-22 . . Ephesians 3:1-13 Eph 3:3-7 ... Ephesians 3:14-21 . Eph 3:16-17 Eph 3:20-21 . . . xi 615 617 621 624 625 626 628 631 632 634 635 635 636 638 640 645 645 646 647 648 657 658 664 666 668 672 673 679 680 681 682 685 690 691 693 695 697 xii GOD'S EMPOWERING PRESENCE Ephesians 4:1-16 698 Eph 4:1-6 699 Eph 4:11-12 705 Ephesians 4:17-6:9 709 Eph 4:23-24 709 Eph 4:30 712 Eph 5:9 . 717 Eph 5:14 718 Eph 5:18-21 718 Ephesians 6:10-20 . 723 Eph 6:12 724 Eph 6:17-20 726 Conclusions 732 10 THE CAPTIVITY EPISTLES: PHILIPPIANS . 734 Phil1:18c-20 . 736 Phil 1:27 743 Phil2:1 . 747 Phil 3:3 . 750 Phil 4:23 753 Conclusion 753 11 THE PASTORAL EPISTLES 755 1 Timothy 757 1 Tim 1:18 758 1 Tim 3:16 761 1 Tim 4:1-2 768 1 Tim 4:12 . 770 1 Tim 4:14 . 771 Titus 776 Titus 1:12 777 ~ Titus 3:5-6 777 2 Timothy 784 2 Tim 1:6-7 785 2 Tim 1:8 789 2 Tim 1:14 . 790 2 Tim 3:5 792 2 Tim 3:16 . 793 2 Tim 4:22. 794 Conclusions 794 TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii Part I1-Synthesis Preface to Part II: Finding a Place to Begin 799 12 THE SPIRIT AS ESCHATOLOGICAL FULFILLMENT . 803 The Pauline Framework 803 The role of the Spirit 805 The Pauline metaphors 806 The Spirit and resurrection 808 The Spirit as the Fulfilled Promise 811 The Spirit and the inclusion of the Gentiles 811 The Spirit and the new covenant 812 The Spirit and Torah 813 The Spirit against the Flesh . 816 The meaning of aapl; in Paul 818 The Spirit-flesh contrast in Paul 820 The Spirit, Power, and Weakness 822 13 THE SPIRIT AS GOD'S PERSONAL PRESENCE 827 The Holy Spirit as Person 829 The Spirit and the Godhead . 831 The Spirit as the Spirit of God . 834 The Spirit as the Spirit of Christ . 837 The Spirit and the Trinity 839 The Spirit as God's Presence 843 14 THE SOTERIOLOGICAL SPIRIT 846 The Spirit and the Hearing of the Gospel 847 The Spirit and proclamation 848 The role of revelation 850 The Spirit and faith 853 The Spirit and Conversion 853 The crucial role of the Spirit 854 The Pauline soteriological metaphors 855 The Spirit and Water Baptism. 860 xiv GOD'S EMPOWERING PRESENCE Conversion and Spirit Baptism 863 Life in the Spirit , 864 Other Spirit activity 865 The Spirit and prayer 866 Spirit life and the Presence of God 868 15 THE SPIRIT AND THE PEOPLE OF GOD 870 The Spirit and the Believing Community 872 The formation of the community 872 The Pauline images . 873 The Spirit and Christian Life 876 The Spirit and ethical life 877 The fruit of the Spirit . 881 The Spirit and Worship 883 The nature oj worship . 884 The xapicrJ,la'ta and the Spirit 886 Their number and variety 886 Glossolalia . 889 Prophecy 890 The xupiallu'tu and eschatology 893 Their extent in the Pauline churches 894 16 WHERE TO FROM HERE? THE RELEVANCE OF PAULINE PNEUMATOLOGY 896 The Pauline Perspective: A Summary 897 The Present Perspective: A Contrast 899 A Way Forward. 901 ApPENDIX: THE PAULINE ANTECEDENTS 904 The Spirit in the Old Testament 905 The Spirit as divine power 906 The Spirit and leadership . 907 The Spirit and prophecy 908 The Spirit and revelation . 908 The Spirit as God's presence 909 The Spirit and eschatology 909