Revue suisse deZoologie 106 (3): 643-661; septembre 1999 Glomeris undulata Koch and G. conspersa Koch are conspecifîc. - Enzyme electrophoretic evidence and taxonomical consequences (Diplopoda: Glomeridae) René HOESS & AdolfSCHOLL University ofBerne, Institute ofZoology, Division ofPopulation Biology, Baltzerstr. 3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland. Glomeris undulata Koch and G. conspersa Koch are conspecific. - Enzyme electrophoretic evidence and taxonomical consequences (Diplopoda: Glomeridae. - Syntopic and allotopic populations of Glomeris undulata and G. conspersa have been investigated with enzyme electropho- resis. There was no evidence for separate gene pools of these taxa. However, G. romana, a species supposed to be closely related to G. undulata and G. conspersa, prooved to be well differentiated based on allozyme data. We therefore conclude that the taxa undulata and conspersa are conspecific. Consequently, G. conspersa C. L. Koch, 1847, is ajunior subjective synonym of G. undulata C. L. Koch, 1844 (nov. syn.). An analysis ofthe colour pattern provides arguments forthe discussion why no intermediate forms exist. Key-words: Diplopoda - Glomeris - revision - local alleles - morphology - distribution - new synonymy. INTRODUCTION Glomeris undulata C.L.Koch, 1844, and G. conspersa C.L.Koch, 1847, are traditionally treated as two closely related but distinct species (cf. Verhoeff 1911). They may be separated with reliability only by the form of the dorsal dark spots on the segments 2 to 12. These spots are parallel-sided in G. undulata and convergent posteriorly in G. conspersa (seen in walking position). Transitional forms that could indicate interbreeding of these taxa are very rare and have been named G. undulata var. pseudoconspersa (but see also Verhoeff (1928b) for a case of assumed hybridisation). G. undulata and G. conspersa are often found syntopic, and large parts oftheir ranges overlap. Within the scope of an analysis of the genetic differentiation of the Central European Glomeris species by means of enzyme electrophoretic methods, we also examined syntopic and allotopic populations of G. undulata and G. conspersa. For comparison we included G. romana Verhoeff, 1900, a species which is supposed to be closely related to G. undulata and G. conspersa (cf. Verhoeff 1911) but with a mainly allopatric distribution. Manuscriptaccepted 12.01.1999 644 RENÉHOESS &ADOLFSCHOLL MATERIAL AND METHODS Population samples of Glomeris undulata, G. conspersa, and G. romana were analyzed genetically by using routine enzyme electrophoretic methods of our labo- ratory (Scholl et al. 1978). Vertical starch gel electrophoresis was conducted using the same buffer systems as in previous studies on Glomeris (Hoess et al. 1997). 18 enzyme loci were analyzed. The enzymes investigated and the loci scored (in brackets) are: aspartate aminotransferase (Aat-1, Aat-2), glyceraldehyd-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi), hexokinase (Hk), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), L-lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh-1, Ldh-2), malate dehydrogenase (Mdh-1, Mdh-2), malic enzyme (Me), mannose-6-phosphate isome- rase (Mpi), peptidase (Pep), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Pgd6), phospho- glucomutase (Pgm), superoxide dismutase (Sod-1, Sod-2) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (Sodh). The zymograms were photographed on Polaroid for reference. We refer to observed electromorphs as alleles which are identified by their electrophoretic mobility (in mm) relative to electromorphs ofpreviously studied species (Hoess etal. 1997). Mendelian inheritance of the alleles at a given locus was not tested by cross- breeding experiments but was concluded by analogy to results of previous studies of our laboratory (e.g. Zimmermann & Scholl 1993). Allele frequencies and genetic distances were calculated with the BIOSYS-1 programme package (Swofford & Selander 1989). Nei-distance D (Nei 1978) was used for the construction of an UPGMA dendrogram (Sneath & Sokal 1973). Bootstrap analysis was conducted with the PHYL1P programme package (Felsenstein 1986-95). The bootstrap values are estimates from 100 replicates (bootstrap values levelled out at 100 replicates) with UPGMA as clusteralgorithm and an unrooted consensus tree. The following population samples (Fig. 1) were examined (number of speci- mens in brackets): Glomeris undulata: Switzerland: Bösingen (13), Brunnen (9), Ingenbohler Berg (15), Loucherhorn (6), Malans (6), Meride (7), Merishausen (8), Niderhorn (6), St-Gingolph (15); Germany: Ehingen (17); G. conspersa: Switzerland: Biel (10), Bösingen (20), Castagnola (3), Châtollion (14), Densbüren (10), Ingen- bohler Berg (11), Loucherhorn (8), Malans (12), Meride (8), Merishausen (13), St-Gingolph (11), Valangin (10); Germany: Ehingen (20); France: Cruseilles (13); G. romana: Italy: Camaiore (18), Lucca(4). Several other population samples have been collected (often with low sample sizes) and have been used in addition to literature data to produce a distribution map ofthe taxa undulata and conspersa. Tergites oftwo selected specimens ofG. undulata were drawn using a camera lucida. The specimens were turned around theiraxes in orderto draw every part ofthe tergite in vertical view. RESULTS Allele frequencies of the 18 loci of all samples are given in Table 1. 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