Stojče Dimov Ilčev Global Mobile Satellite Communications Theory For Maritime, Land and Aeronautical Applications Second Edition Global Mobile Satellite Communications Theory č č Stoj e Dimov Il ev Global Mobile Satellite Communications Theory For Maritime, Land and Aeronautical Applications Second Edition By č č Stoj e Dimov Il ev Стойчо Димов Илчев ( ) Durban University of Technology (DUT) Durban, South Africa 123 StojčeDimovIlčev Durban University of Technology (DUT) Durban SouthAfrica ISBN978-3-319-39169-4 ISBN978-3-319-39171-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-39171-7 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016942002 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2005,2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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The Erratum to the bookfrontmatter is available at 10.1007/978-3-319-39171-7_8 To the memory of my late father Prof. Dimo Stoev Ilčev (Димo Cтoeв Илчeв) Preface GlobalMobileSatelliteCommunications (GMSC)structuresarespecifictomobile satellitecommunicationdisciplineandtechniqueformaritime,land,andaeronautical applications that enable connections between Mobile Earth Stations (MES). These includeships,landvehiclesandaircraftontheonehandandgroundtelecommuni- cations subscribers on the other, through the medium of space segment (satellite constellation), Land Earth Stations (LES), and Terrestrial Telecommunications Network(TTN)orotherlandlineproviders. This book is very important for modern shipping, land (road and rail) and aeronauticalconcerns,becauseGMSCareprovidingmoreeffectivebusiness,trade, and prosperity in the new millennium, in the first place for transport safety and security matters and second, for commercial communications. The most consider- able marketing and technical point of this book is great deficiency of suitable manuals on the international book market, which completely describe GMSC fundamentals, space segments, ground segments (MES and LES), and Global Mobile Personal Satellite Communications (GMPSC). The bookdiscusses hottopics inGMSC techniques and technology, whichwill beusefulfortechnicalstaffonboardvessels,landvehiclesandaircraft,onoffshore constructions, and for those possessing satellite handset phones. This includes sea, land, and air transport sets with many other requirements for more effective trade, which need development, design, utility, implementation, and knowledge of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) for safety and commercial applications. Otherwise, GMSC solutions are very important to all modern trans- portation companies, dispatchers, agencies, brokers, and the successful manage- ment, commerce, carriage tracking, and logistics of their fleet. In general, this book may become the manual for a broad range of readers with different levels of technical education and knowledge, for professional staff involved in GMSC and their technical managers, engineers, professors, students, instructors, and participants in GMDSS courses, consultants and supervisors of MESandformilitaryofficersandcadets.Thisbookcouldfindanimportantplacein libraries, universities, and institutions as well. ix x Preface Mobilesatellitesystemstodayhavebecomeveryimportanttopicsforstudentsin many maritime, transportation and aviation universities, faculties in telecommuni- cation and electrical engineering, for all modern transportation companies, GMSC manufacturers,providers,operators,andtheirmanagementstaff.Everyoneinvolved inGMSCsystemshastoknowsomethingaboutthesetechnologyandtransmission systems. Thus, in writing this book the author has used the expertise, prospects, literature,andmanualsofnumerousexperts,specialists,institutions,andreferences mentioned at the end of this handbook as well as information from the Internet. The author has been a professional expert in maritime radiocommunications since1969,asaradioofficeronboardocean-goingcargoshipsusingMorseMF/HF radiotelegraphy and MF/HF/VHF radiotelephony and later as master mariner and Electronics/GMDSSOperatorwithInmarsatShipEarthStations(SES).Inaddition, forover15yearshehasmanagedtheFormer-ISMarineRadioCompanyandnewly established CNS Systems for research, service, installation, and engineering of GMSC and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) systems and equipment onboardshipsandintegrationwithmodernITsystems.Theauthorhasalsousedhis doctoral dissertation, master’s theses, technical manuscripts, papers, and practical experience with radiocommunications, navigation, and GMSC systems. Forbasicandprincipaltechnicalinformationhehasdrawnheavilymostlyonthe following sources: (cid:129) “Global Mobile Satellite Communications, For Maritime, Land and Aeronautical Applications”, 1st Edition published by Springer in 2005 and “Global Aeronautical CNS”, published by AIAA in 2013, both written by S.D. Ilcev. (cid:129) “MobileSatelliteCommunicationNetworks”,writtenbyR.SheriffandY.F.Hu; and “Satellite Communications Systems”, written by G. Maral and M. Bousquet.BothbookswerepublishedbyWileyin2001and1994,respectively. (cid:129) “Mobile Satellite Communications—Principles & Trends”, written by Madhavendra Richharia and published by Addison-Wesley in 2001. (cid:129) “MobileAntenna SystemsHandbook”, written byK. Fujimotoand J.R. James; “Mobile Satellite Communications”, written by S. Ohmori, H. Wakana and S. Kawase; and “Low Earth Orbital Satellites for Personal Communication Networks”,writtenbyA.Jamalipour.AllthreebookswerepublishedbyArtech House, in 1994, 1998 and 1998, respectively. (cid:129) “Satellite Communications: Principles and Applications” and “Electronic Aids toNavigation:PositionFixing”.BothbookswrittenbyL.TetleyandD.Calcutt were published by Edward Arnold, in 1994 and 1991, respectively. (cid:129) “An Introduction to Satellite Communications”, written by D.I. Dalgleish; and “Satellite Communication Systems” edited by B. Evans. Both books were published by IEE, in 1991 and 1993, respectively. (cid:129) “Never Beyond Reach”, edited by B. Gallagher and published by Inmarsat, in 1989. Preface xi (cid:129) “Cпyтникoвaя cвязь нa мope”, written by L. Novik, I. Morozov and V. Solovev; and “Meждyнapoднaя cпyтникoвaя cиcтeмa мopcкoй cвязи—Инмapcaт”, written by V. Zhilin. Both books were published by Sudostroenie, Leningrad, in 1987 and 1988, respectively. (cid:129) “Telekomunikacije satelitima”, written by R. Galić, Školska Knjiga, Zagreb, 1983. (cid:129) “Radio wave Propagation Information for Predictions for Earth-to-Space Path Communications”, edited by C. Wilson and D. Rogers, ITU, Geneva. Readers will find that this book has been written using up-to-date systems, techniques, and technology in satellite communications. The material has been systematized in such a way to cover satellite development, systematization, defi- nition of all nomenclature, synonyms of mobile satellite communications systems and services, new kinds of launcher systems and the presentation of all types of satellite orbit constellations and spacecrafts. The newest concepts of transmission models and accesses including IP networking, a complete introduction to mobile antenna systems and propagation, Inmarsat, Cospas-Sarsat, Big LEO, Little LEO, navigation and tracking systems, including the forthcoming augmentation satellite system forCommunications,NavigationandSurveillance(CNS)mobilesolutions, stratospheric platforms as communications systems, including mobile DVB-RCS. Furthermore,newconceptsandinnovationsinGMSC,suchasInmarsatBGAN, Fleet and Swift Broadband solutions, Global Xpress for maritime and aeronautical applications, new Iridium LEO mobile applications, innovative maritime O3BMEOsolutions,andmobileDVB-RCSGEOuserssegmentarecovered.Also, modern VSAT broadcasting applications and integration of GMSC systems with new Personal Videophone Technology and Mobile Videophone over IP (VPoIP) will be discussed. Finally, the historic moment is approaching when we can use MES terminals and say: “Hallo, can you see me, over”? Acknowledgments Aboveall,theauthorofthisbookwouldliketoexpresshisveryspecialappreciation and gratitude to Prof. Ahmed Cassim Bawa, former Vice Chancellor (VC) and principalofDurbanUniversityofTechnology(DUT),whogavehimhugesupport in Space Science Research and postgraduate studies. He also expresses his special gratitudetoProf.SibusisoMoyo,theDirectorofResearchandPostgraduateStudies at DUT, and DUT stafffor support and encouragement to establish Research and Postgraduate Studies in Space Science and for moral assistance in completing this book. The author is Research Professor in Space Science and Supervisor at DUT for research and postgraduate studies. He works on very important multinational pro- jectAfricanSatelliteAugmentationSystem(ASAS)forallofAfricaandtheMiddle East including many other proposals in Radio and Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS), Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel viaSatellite(DVB-RCS),GlobalRadioandSatelliteTrackingofmobileandliving beings,SatelliteSCADA(M2M),StratosphericPlatformSystems(SPS,)andSpace Solar Power (SSP). He also would like to express his special appreciation to DUT for generous contribution as a sponsor of this book. The Durban University of Technology takes pride on its commitment to aca- demic excellence. Theover24,000studentswhopassthroughthedoorseverydayaretestamenttoa growing ethos of learning, research, and community engagement. DUT is a multi-campus university of technology at the cutting edge of higher education, renowned for technological training and academic prowess. The university is characterizedasbeingresearch-drivenwithafocusonstrategicandappliedresearch that can be translated into professional practice. Furthermore, research output may becommercializedthusprovidingasourceofincomefortheinstitution.Instriving tocreateanewanddynamicethos,theuniversitybuildsuponcurrentstrengthsand celebrates the expertise of its staff. DUT provides Web pages for its research and postgraduate studies in Space Science at: www.dut.ac.za/space_science—Showing full study programs and projects whilst including all research and supervisor staff. xiii