Stojče Dimov Ilčev Global Mobile Satellite Communications Applications For Maritime, Land and Aeronautical Applications Volume 2 2nd Edition Global Mobile Satellite Communications Applications č č Stoj e Dimov Il ev Global Mobile Satellite Communications Applications For Maritime, Land and Aeronautical Applications Volume 2 Second Edition By č č Stoj e Dimov Il ev Стойчо Димов Илчев ( ) Durban University of Technology (DUT) Durban, South Africa 123 StojčeDimovIlčev Durban University of Technology (DUT) Durban SouthAfrica ISBN978-3-319-71857-6 ISBN978-3-319-71858-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71858-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017941480 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2005,2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland To the memory of my late father Prof. Dimo Stoev Ilčev (Димо Стоев Илчев) Preface The two volumes of this book were written in order to form a bridge between potential readers and current GMSC trends, system concepts and network archi- tecture by using a very simple style with easily comprehensible many technical information, characteristics, graphicons, figures, illustrations, and mathematic equations. ThespecialpartofGMSCformaritime,land,andaeronauticalCNSapplications are new techniques for modern transportation concerns and their fleets at sea, on land,andintheairfortheenhancementofcommercialanddistresscommunications andtrackingsolutions.ThemodernGMSCinfrastructuresaregreatlyimportantfor all transportationcompanies, theirsuccessful commerce,carriage and management of vessels, land vehicles, and aircraft. Finally, modern, innovative techniques and technology in GMSC are needed for newly developed mobile broadband and multimedia communications and for IT, CNS, and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The Volume 2 of this book, nominated as “Applications,” consists of seven chapters on the following particular subjects: Chapter 1: Inmarsat GEO GMSC System describes the Inmarsat system, Space Segment, ground segment, and standards for maritime, land, and aeronautical applications. In addition, this chapter is including Maritime System Architecture and Operations, Land System Architecture and Operations, and Aeronautical System Architecture and Operations, Maritime Emergency and Safety Service and Aeronautical Emergency and Safety Service with special contribution on Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System (GADSS) developed by author of this book in 2000, 16 years before the ICAO proposal. Chapter 2: Non-GEO GMSC Systems comments particularly upon modern big LEO systems, such as Globalstar and Iridium, Little LEO Orbcomm and Gonets Leosat GMSC Systems, and O3b Networks Global MEO GMSC System. Chapter 3: Global Broadcasting Satellite System (GBSS) presents implementa- tion of new DVB-RCS for maritime, land, and aeronautical CNS. vii viii Preface Chapter 4: Cospas-Sarsat GMSC System presents distress and safety satellite systems, emergency satellite beacons for all mobile applications via LEOSAR, MEOSAR, and GEOSAR subsystems. Chapter 5: Global Mobile Satellite Distress System (GMSDS) is introducing new concept of integrated commercial and safety satellite CNS for maritime, land, and aeronautical applications. Chapter6:GlobalSatelliteAugmentationSystems(GSAS)givesaretrospective of determination and navigation satellite systems in integration with CNS and introduces existing and new projected Regional Satellite Augmentation Systems (RSAS),suchasEuropeanEGNOS,JapaneseMSAT(MTSAS/JMA),USWAAS, Russian SDCM, Chinese SNAS, Indian GAGAN, and African ASAS. The new projectedASASnetworkbyauthor ofthisbookisveryimportantfor entire Africa and Middle East, better as proposed extension of EGNOS, for enhanced traffic controlandmanagement of ships, land vehicles, andaircraft, including to improve safety and security at sea, on the ground, and in the air. Chapter 7: Stratospheric Communication Platforms (SCPs) are new wireless systems still under development, which will use constellations of stratospheric aircraft and airships equipped with transponders and large antenna systems to provide more cost-effective CNS systems for ships, land vehicles, and aircraft. Durban, South Africa Stojče Dimov Ilčev Preface to the First Volume Global Mobile Satellite Communications (GMSC) structures are specific mobile satellite communication discipline and technique for maritime, land, and aeronau- tical applications, which will enable connections between Mobile Earth Stations (MES), such as ships, land vehicles, and aircraft on the one side and ground telecommunications subscribers on the other, through the medium of Space Segment (satellite constellation), Land Earth Stations (LES) and Terrestrial Telecommunications Network (TTN) or other landline providers. This book is very important for modern shipping, land (road and rail), and aeronauticalconcerns,becauseGMSCareprovidingmoreeffectivebusiness,trade, and prosperity in the new millennium, in the first place for transport safety and security matters and secondly for commercial communications. The most consid- erable marketing and technical point of this book is due to a great deficiency of suitable manuals on the international book market, which completely describe GMSC fundamentals, Space Segments, ground segments (MES and LES), and Global Mobile Personal Satellite Communications (GMPSC). ThisbookdiscusseshottopicsinGMSCtechniquesandtechnology,whichwill beusefulfortechnicalstaffonboardvessels,landvehicles,andaircraft,onoffshore constructions and for those possessing satellite handset phones. This includes sea, land, and air transport sets with many other requirements for more effective trade, which need development, design, utility, implementation, and knowledge of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) for safety and commercial applications. Otherwise, GMSC solutions are very important to all modern trans- portation companies, dispatchers, agencies, brokers and the successful manage- ment, commerce, carriage tracking, and logistics of their fleet. In general, this book may become the manual for a broad range of readers with different levels of technical education and knowledge, for professional staff involved in GMSC and their technical managers, engineers, professors, students, instructors, and participants in GMDSS courses, consultants and supervisors of MESandformilitaryofficersandcadets.Thisbookcouldfindanimportantplacein libraries, universities, and institutions as well. ix x PrefacetotheFirstVolume Mobilesatellitesystemshavetodaybecomeveryconsiderablereadingmatterfor students in many maritime, transportation, and aviation universities, faculties in telecommunication and electrical engineering, for all modern transportation com- panies,GMSCmanufacturers,providers,operators,andfortheirmanagementstaff. Everyone involved in GMSC systems has to know something about these tech- nology and transmission systems. Thus, in writing this book, the author has used the expertise, prospects, literature, and manuals of numerous experts, specialists, institutions, and references mentioned at the end of this handbook as well as information from Internet. The author has been a professional expert in maritime radiocommunications since1969,asaradioofficeronboardoceangoingcargoshipsusingMorseMF/HF radiotelegraphy and MF/HF/VHF radiotelephony and later as master mariner and Electronics/GMDSSOperatorwithInmarsatShipEarthStations(SES).Inaddition, for over15 years, hehasmanaged theFormer-IS Marine Radiocompanyandnew established CNS Systems for research, service, installation, and engineering of GMSC and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) systems and equipment onboardshipsandintegrationwithmodernITsystems.Theauthorhasalsousedhis doctoral dissertation, master’s theses, technical manuscripts, papers, and practical experience with radiocommunications, navigation, and GMSC systems. For basic and principal technical information, he has drawn heavily mostly on the following sources: (cid:129) “Global Mobile Satellite Communications, For Maritime, Land and Aeronautical Applications”, 1st Edition published by Springer in 2005 and “Global Aeronautical CNS”, published by AIAA in 2013, both written by S.D. Ilcev. (cid:129) “Mobile Satellite Communication Networks”, written by R. Sheriff and Y. F. Hu; and “Satellite Communications Systems”, written by G. Maral and M. Bousquet.BothbookswerepublishedbyWileyin2001and1994,respectively. (cid:129) “Mobile Satellite Communications—Principles & Trends”, written by Madhavendra Richharia and published by Addison-Wesley in 2001. (cid:129) “MobileAntenna SystemsHandbook”, written byK. Fujimotoand J.R. James; “Mobile Satellite Communications”, written by S. Ohmori, H. Wakana and S. Kawase; and “Low Earth Orbital Satellites for Personal Communication Networks”,writtenbyA.Jamalipour.AllthreebookswerepublishedbyArtech House, in 1994, 1998 and 1998, respectively. (cid:129) “Satellite Communications: Principles and Applications” and “Electronic Aids toNavigation:PositionFixing”.BothbookswrittenbyL.TetleyandD.Calcutt were published by Edward Arnold, in 1994 and 1991, respectively. (cid:129) “An Introduction to Satellite Communications”, written by D.I. Dalgleish; and “Satellite Communication Systems” edited by B. Evans. Both books were published by IEE, in 1991 and 1993, respectively. (cid:129) “Never Beyond Reach”, edited by B. Gallagher and published by Inmarsat, in 1989. PrefacetotheFirstVolume xi (cid:129) “Cпyтникoвaя cвязь нa мope”, written by L. Novik, I. Morozov and V. Solovev; and “Meждyнapoднaя cпyтникoвaя cиcтeмa мopcкoй cвязи—Инмapcaт”, written by V. Zhilin. Both books were published by Sudostroenie, Leningrad, in 1987 and 1988, respectively. (cid:129) “Telekomunikacije satelitima”, written by R. Galić, Školska Knjiga, Zagreb, 1983. (cid:129) “Radio wave Propagation Information for Predictions for Earth-to-Space Path Communications”, edited by C. Wilson and D. Rogers, ITU, Geneva. Readers will find that this book has been written using up-to-date systems, techniques, and technology in satellite communications. The material has been systematized in such a way as to cover satellite development, systematization, and definition of all nomenclature and synonyms of mobile satellite communications systems and services, new kinds of launcher systems and the presentation of all types of satellite orbit constellations and spacecraft, the newest concepts of trans- mission models and accesses including IP networking, a complete introduction to mobile antenna systems and propagation, Inmarsat, Cospas-Sarsat, big LEO, little LEO, navigation and tracking systems, including forthcoming augmentation satellite system for Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) mobile solutions, stratospheric platforms as communications systems, including mobile DVB-RCS. Furthermore,newconceptsandinnovationsinGMSC,suchasInmarsatBGAN, Fleet and Swift Broadband solutions, Global Xpress for maritime and aeronautical applications, new Iridium LEO mobile applications, innovative maritime O3B MEO solutions and mobile DVB-RCS GEO users segment. Furthermore, modern VSAT broadcasting applications and integration of GMSC systems with new Personal Videophone Technology and Mobile Videophone over IP (VPoIP) will be discussed. Finally, the historic moment is approaching when we can use MES terminals and say: “Hallo, can you see me, over”?