Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 “Inthisoutstandingvolume,López-Claros,Dahl,andGroffdocumenttheexisten- tial challenges facing our global institutions, from environmental decline and the failureofexistinginternationalsecuritymechanismstomasspopulationflowsand the crisis of sovereignty and civil society engagement. The resulting landscape might seem hopeless and overwhelming, if not for the authors’ innovative, wide-ranging,andthought-provokingrecommendationsforreshapingexistinginsti- tutions to expand their relevance and effectiveness. Their ideas for updating our seven-decades-oldstructuresincludecreatinganinternationalpeaceforce,ratifying a United Nations Bill of Rights, reforming the UN Security Council and Inter- nationalMonetaryFund,establishingacivilsocietychamber,andbeyond.Readers maynotendorseeveryoneoftheirsuggestions,buttheyareinvitedintoafascinat- inggameof‘whatif?’and‘whynot?’Itisaninvitationthatshouldnotbemissed.” AmbassadorDonaldSteinberg,Boardmember,CenterforStrategic andInternationalStudies “The current UN-based world system of governance, largely formulated in the mid-20th century after the Second World War, is not up to dealing satisfactorily with21st-centuryproblems.Butitiswhatwehave.Theauthorsofthisbooksuggest radical, even breathtaking, reforms to enable global governance to cope with current and prospective global problems, from keeping and enforcing peace, to inhibiting – if not preventing – financial crises, to protecting residents of all countriesfromgovernmentalabuse,tomitigatingandadaptingtoclimatechange. These are desirable objectives, not yet feasible in a world of nationalistic states devotedtonarrownationalsovereignty.Butpoliticalleaderseventuallydie,andthe authors take comfort that today’s youth, tomorrow’s leaders, are much more con- sciousoftoday’sglobalproblems. Thisbookprovidesanilluminating andprovok- ingstartingpointforexpandingourinstitutionalabilitytosolvethem.” RichardN.Cooper,MauritsC.BoasProfessorofInternational Economics,HarvardUniversity “López-Claros,Dahl,andGroffproposeradicalreformstothecharterthatauthor- izes and rules the United Nations, and other methods of improving the current muddledstateofglobalgovernance.Theircaseispersuasive.Thisbook’strenchant analysis of what ails the running of the globe should be read by policymakers everywhere, and certainly by those many citizens who concern themselves with fosteringabetterandmorefunctionalworld.Changecomesslowly,butthisbookis aproddingcatalyst.” RobertI.Rotberg,HarvardKennedySchool,authorofOnGovernance “The bold idealism championed by López-Claros, Dahl, and Groff is just what the planetneeds,withnotamomenttoloseifwearetohaltandreversethetrajectoryof imminent disaster on which we have set ourselves. As a former Ambassador to the UnitedNationswithfirst-handexperienceontheUNSecurityCouncil,Iapplaudthe visionlaidoutfortransformationalchangegroundedinpastinstitutionalexperience.” AmandaEllis,ExecutiveDirectorHawaii&AsiaPacific,Arizona StateUniversity,JulieAnnWrigleyGlobalInstituteofSustainability Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 “Global Governanceis a book of exceptional breadth and vision, written for an unprecedentedperiodinthehistoricalevolutionofhumankind. Defyingthecyni- cismandmyopiathatoftendefinethepoliticalcultureofourtimes,itdarestostate theobvioustruththatglobalinterdependenceisaninescapablereality,andthat,far from naïve idealism, building effective global institutions in the 21st century is a matterofsurvivalforourspecies.” PayamAkhavan,ProfessorofInternationalLaw,McGillUniversity, Montreal,Canada “This volume makes a powerful call for action to transform the international institutionsthatgovernhumanaffairs.Groundedinrigoroushistoricalexploration, itoffersavisionforcollectivecouragetochangewhatwecanandreimaginewhat we consider outmoded and inadequate. This is the blueprint for a new global architecture.” MariaIvanova,AssociateProfessorofGlobalGovernanceand DirectorofCenterforGovernanceandSustainability, UniversityofMassachusetts–Boston “Thispathbreaking work providesimportant insights forpractitionersandscholars struggling to understand the economic, political, and scientific forces roiling the world. As humanity seeks ways, well beyond the traditional controls available to individualnationstates,tomanageproblemswhichposeenormousrisksaswellas richopportunities,thisbookpointsinpromisingdirections.” DanSarooshiQC,ProfessorofPublicInternationalLaw, FacultyofLawandtheQueen’sCollege,UniversityofOxford; andEssexCourtChambers,London “Fromthevantageofwherewesittoday,itisdifficulttorecall–orevenimagine– the confidence in global institutions that characterized the last decade of the 20thcentury. Consider a few of the highlights: the entry into force of NAFTA in 1994 and creation of the World Trade Organization in 1995; establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in 1993 and 1994; and the Maastricht Treaty’s significant advances in the institutionalization of Europe in 1992. Even the U.N. Security Council was somehow on the rise, with the coalition it empowered to undertakethefirstGulfWarin1990.Inreadingthisimportantnewworkonglobal governance, one cannot help but recall those heady days. Rather than mere nostalgia, however, what López-Claros, Dahl and Groff offer is a firm normative accountofthewisdomofthatera–andoftheperhapsevenmorepressingneedfor such institutionalist imperatives today. Equally important, they offer a thoughtful blueprint for a re-invigorated international order and suggest why that ambitious vision–farfrommerepioushope–iswellwithinreach.” RobertB.Ahdieh,Dean&AnthonyG.BuzbeeEndowedDean’sChair, TexasA&MUniversitySchoolofLaw Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 global governance and the emergence of global institutions for the 21st century Isthereanyhopeforthosewhodespairatthestateoftheworldandthepowerlessnessof governments to find a way forward? Global Governance and the Emergence of Global Institutionsfor the21stCenturyprovidesambitious butreasonableproposalstogive our globalizedworldtheinstitutionsofinternationalgovernancenecessarytoaddresseffect- ively the catastrophic risks facing humanity that are beyond national control. The solution, the authors suggest, is to extend to the international level the same principles of sensible governance that exist in well-governed national systems: rule of law, legisla- tion in the common interest, an executive branch to implement such legislation, and courts to enforce it. The best protection is unified collective action, based on shared values and respect for diversity, applying widely accepted international principles to advanceuniversalhumanprosperityandwell-being. ThistitleisalsoavailableasOpenAccessonCambridgeCore. augusto lopez-claros is Executive Director of the Global Governance Forum. During2017–19hewasSeniorFellowintheSchoolofForeignServiceatGeorgetown University.HeisformerDirectoroftheGlobalIndicatorsGroupattheWorldBankand ChiefEconomistattheWorldEconomicForum.HeiscoauthorofEqualityforWomen =ProsperityforAll(2018). arthurlyondahlisPresidentoftheInternationalEnvironmentForumandaretired seniorofficialofUNEnvironment.HeistheauthorofInPursuitofHope:AGuidefor the Seeker (2019), The Eco Principle: Ecology and Economics in Symbiosis (1996) and UnlessandUntil:ABaha’iFocusontheEnvironment(1990). maja groff is an international lawyer based in The Hague, working on multilateral treaties, at international criminal tribunals and teaching at the Hague Academy of International Law. A graduate of Harvard, Oxford and McGill Universities, she has drafted international legal policy documents and published on private and public internationallaw,humanrightsandglobalgovernance. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 Global Governance and the Emergence of 21 Global Institutions for the st Century AUGUSTO LOPEZ-CLAROS Global GovernanceForum ARTHUR LYON DAHL InternationalEnvironmentForum MAJA GROFF Global GovernanceForum Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108476966 doi:10.1017/9781108569293 ©AugustoLopez-Claros,ArthurLyonDahlandMajaGroff2020 Thisworkisincopyright.Itissubjecttostatutoryexceptionsandtotheprovisionsofrelevant licensingagreements;withtheexceptionoftheCreativeCommonsversion,thelinkforwhichis providedbelow,noreproductionofanypartofthisworkmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Anonlineversionofthisworkispublishedatdoi.org/10.1017/9781108569293underaCreativeCommonsOpen AccesslicenseCC-BY-NC-ND4.0whichpermitsre-use,distributionandreproductioninanymediumfornon- commercialpurposesprovidingappropriatecredittotheoriginalworkisgiven.Youmaynotdistributederivative workswithoutpermission.Toviewacopyofthislicense,visithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Allversionsofthisworkmaycontaincontentreproducedunderlicensefromthirdparties.Permissionto reproducethisthird-partycontentmustbeobtainedfromthesethird-partiesdirectly. Whencitingthiswork,pleaseincludeareferencetotheDOI10.1017/9781108569293 Firstpublished2020 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd,PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:Dahl,ArthurL.,author.|Groff,Maja,author.|López-Claros,Augusto,author. title:Globalgovernanceandtheemergenceofglobalinstitutionsforthe21stcentury/ ArthurL.Dahl,InternationalEnvironmentalForum,MajaGroff,TheHagueConference, AugustoLopez-Claros,GeorgetownUniversity,WashingtonDC. description:UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,[2020]| Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2019040768(print)|lccn2019040769(ebook)|isbn9781108476966(hardback)| isbn9781108701808(paperback)|isbn9781108569293(epub) subjects:lcsh:Internationalcooperation. classification:lccjz1308.d342020(print)|lccjz1308(ebook)|ddc341.7–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019040768 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019040769 isbn978-1-108-47696-6Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 Contents Preface page ix Acknowledgments xiii part i background 1 1 TheChallenges of the 21stCentury 3 2 AHistoryof Global Governance 30 3 EuropeanIntegration: Building Supranational Institutions 65 part ii reforming the central institutions of the united nations 79 4 TheGeneral Assembly:Reforms to Strengthen ItsEffectiveness 81 5 AWorld Parliamentary Assembly:A Catalyst forChange 107 6 Advisory Mechanismsto Support Global Policymaking 123 7 UNExecutive Council: Beyond an Outdated Paradigm 131 8 Completing the CollectiveSecurity Mechanism of the Charter: Establishing an International Peace Force 145 9 Toward SystemicDisarmament: Resetting Global Priorities 181 10 Strengthening the International Rule of Law 208 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 27.106.64.254, on 18 Mar 2020 at 06:46:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. vii https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AF7D40B152C4CBEDB310EC5F40866A59 viii Contents 11 Human Rights forthe Twenty-first Century 236 12 A New United Nations Funding Mechanism 264 part iii governance and the management of multiple global risks 291 13 UN Specialized Agencies and Governance forGlobalRisks 293 14 Economic Governance forInequalityand the Private Sector 309 15 Global Financial Architecture and the International Monetary Fund 337 16 Responding to Global EnvironmentalCrises 360 17 Population and Migration 379 part iv cross-cutting issues 389 18 Corruption as aDestroyer of Prosperity and the Need forInternationalEnforcement 391 19 Education forTransformation 411 part v foundations for a new global governance system 431 20 Values and Principles foran Enhanced InternationalSystem: Operationalizing Global“Good Governance” 433 21 SomeImmediate Steps Forward—Getting “from Here to There” 457 part vi conclusions 471 22 Bridging the Governance Gap 473 Annex Voting Sharesin a ReformedGeneral Assembly 491 References 499 Index 525 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 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