Global Governance and Diplomacy Worlds Apart? Edited by Andrew F. Cooper, Brian Hocking and William Maley Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations General Editors: Donna Lee, Senior Lecturer in International Organisations and International Political Economy, University of Birmingham, UK and Paul Sharp, Professor of Political Science and Director of the Alworth Institute for International Studies at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, USA The series was launched as Studies in Diplomacy in 1994 under the general editorship of G.R. Berridge. Its purpose is to encourage original scholarship on all aspects of the theory and practice of diplomacy. The new editors assumed their duties in 2003 with a mandate to maintain this focus while also publishing research which demonstrates the importance of diplomacy to contemporary international relations more broadly conceived. Titles include: G.R. Berridge (editor) DIPLOMATIC CLASSICS Selected Texts from Commynes to Vattel G.R. Berridge, Maurice Keens-Soper and T.G. Otte DIPLOMATIC THEORY FROM MACHIAVELLI TO KISSINGER Herman J. Cohen INTERVENING IN AFRICA Superpower Peacemaking in a Troubled Continent Andrew F. Cooper (editor) NICHE DIPLOMACY Middle Powers after the Cold War Andrew F. Cooper, Brian Hocking, and William Maley (editor) GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND DIPLOMACY Worlds Apart? Mai’a Davis Cross THE EUROPEAN DIPLOMATIC CORPS Diplomats and International Cooperation from Westphalia to Maastricht David H. Dunn (editor) DIPLOMACY AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL The Evolution of International Summitry Brian Hocking (editor) FOREIGN MINISTRIES Change and Adaptation Brian Hocking and David Spence (editors) FOREIGN MINISTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Integrating Diplomats Michael Hughes DIPLOMACY BEFORE THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Britain, Russia and the Old Diplomacy, 1894–1917 Gaynor Johnson THE BERLIN EMBASSY OF LORD D’ABERNON, 1920–1926 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd ii 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3300 PPMM Christer Jönsson and Martin Hall ESSENCE OF DIPLOMACY Donna Lee MIDDLE POWERS AND COMMERCIAL DIPLOMACY British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round Donna Lee, Ian Taylor, and Paul D. Williams (editors) THE NEW MULTILATERALISM IN SOUTH AFRICAN DIPLOMACY Mario Liverani INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST, 1600–1100 BC Jan Melissen (editor) INNOVATION IN DIPLOMATIC PRACTICE THE NEW PUBLIC DIPLOMACY Soft Power in International Relations Peter Neville APPEASING HITLER The Diplomacy of Sir Nevile Henderson, 1937–39 M.J. Peterson RECOGNITION OF GOVERNMENTS Legal Doctrine and State Practice, 1815–1995 Gary D. Rawnsley RADIO DIPLOMACY AND PROPAGANDA The BBC and VOA in International Politics, 1956–64 TAIWAN’S INFORMAL DIPLOMACY AND PROPAGANDA Karl W. Schweizer and Paul Sharp (editors) THE INTERNATIONAL THOUGHT OF HERBERT BUTTERFIELD Paul Sharp and Geoffrey Wiseman (editors) THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS AS AN INSTITUTION OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY Ronald A. Walker MULTILATERAL CONFERENCES Purposeful International Negotiation A. Nuri Yurdusev (editor) OTTOMAN DIPLOMACY Conventional or Unconventional? Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71495–4 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd iiii 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3300 PPMM Global Governance and Diplomacy Worlds Apart? Edited by Andrew F. Cooper Associate Director and Distinguished Fellow The Centre for International Governance Innovation Brian Hocking Professor of International Relations Loughborough University, UK and William Maley Professor and Director of the Asia-Pacific College of Diplomacy The Australian National University, Australia 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd iiiiii 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3300 PPMM Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Andrew F. Cooper, Brian Hocking and William Maley 2008 All remaining chapters © respective authors 2008 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978–0–230–21059–2 hardback ISBN-10: 0–230–21059–7 hardback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd iivv 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3322 PPMM Contents List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Acknowledgements ix Notes on Contributors xi Introduction: Diplomacy and Global Governance: Locating Patterns of (Dis)Connection 1 Andrew F. Cooper, Brian Hocking, and William Maley Part I Contextual Challenges 1 Globalisation and Diplomacy 15 Iver B. Neumann 2 Global Governance: Challenges to Diplomatic Communication, Representation, and Recognition 29 Christer Jönsson 3 From Government to Governance: Transition to a New Diplomacy 39 Jan Aart Scholte Part II Authority beyond the State 4 EU Governance and Global Governance: New Roles for EU Diplomats 63 David Spence 5 Business – Government – NGO Relations: Their Impact on Global Economic Governance 85 Raymond Saner and Lichia Yiu 6 A Twilight Zone? Diplomacy and the International Committee of the Red Cross 104 Ivan Cook and Martine Letts 7 Research Institutes as Diplomatic Actors 118 Shankari Sundararaman v 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd vv 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3322 PPMM vi Contents Part III Targeting the Policy Arenas of Interaction 8 The New International Security Agenda and the Practice of Diplomacy 135 Shaun Riordan 9 T owards a New Architecture of Global Governance for Responding to the HIV/AIDS Epidemic 145 Franklyn Lisk 10 Family Dramas: Politics, Diplomacy, and Governance in the WTO 164 Rorden Wilkinson 11 T he World Summit on Information Society and the Development of Internet Diplomacy 180 Jovan Kurbalija Part IV Restrictive Dichotomies and Open-Ended Trajectories 12 ‘A Home at the United Nations’: Indigenous Peoples and International Advocacy 211 Megan Davis 13 I nterfaith Dialogue, Diplomacy, and the Cartoon Controversy 224 Samina Yasmeen 14 Public Diplomacy and Governance: Challenges for Scholars and Practitioners 241 Bruce Gregory 15 Stretching the Model of ‘Coalitions of the Willing’ 257 Andrew F. Cooper 16 O n the Manner of Practising the New Diplomacy 271 Jorge Heine Conclusion: National Diplomacy and Global Governance 288 Ramesh Thakur References 300 Index 325 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd vvii 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3322 PPMM List of Tables 1.1 S ome relevant social group scores regarding key diplomatic functions 24 5.1 Divergent and convergent diplomatic roles in the international economic policy sphere 86 11.1 Major WSIS and WGIG official events 181 11.2 Excerpt from the reading guide 192 11.3 Excerpt from WSIS compilation of comments 193 16.1 Club versus network diplomacy 273 16.2 Complexity management in network diplomacy 278 vii 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd vviiii 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3322 PPMM List of Figures 5.1 Illustration of post-modern diplomacy in a developed economy context – shaping international economic policy by state and non-state actors 88 5.2 The difference between Economic Diplomacy (ED) and Commercial Diplomacy (CD) 91 5.3 Corporate diplomat vs. business diplomat 94 5.4 Territorial spaces of advocacy by the national NGO diplomat and transnational NGO diplomat 96 5.5 Coalition clusters of stakeholders involved in ES trade favouring liberalisation vs. protectionism (based on Saner and Fasel, 2003) 99 5.6 Coalition clusters of selected countries and their respective preferred institutional governance environment (based on Saner and Fasel, 2003) 99 5.7 Chronology of influencing patterns by non-state actors during the GATS/ES negotiations (based on Saner and Fasel, 2003) 100 viii 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd vviiiiii 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3322 PPMM Acknowledgements This edited collection derives from papers presented at two conferences, the first at the Asia-Pacific College of Diplomacy (March 2006), and the second at Wilton Park (June 2006). The conferences brought together experts on diplomacy and global governance, two areas that have been traditionally cordoned off from each other both in their conceptual and operational dimensions. Although the reasons for and the consequences of this discon- nected image remain at the centre of the thematic structure of the book, much of its innovative quality is a reflection of how, where, and why this siloed condition has eroded. Intellectually and practically, the standard assumption that diplomacy and governance exist as ‘Worlds Apart’ can no longer be simply taken as a given. Although The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) took the lead role in this project, it did so in partnership with the Asia- Pacific College of Diplomacy at The Australian National University, and Loughborough University in the United Kingdom. The first conference benefited from the outstanding organisational skills of Andrea Haese, the Executive Officer of the Asia-Pacific College of Diplomacy, and Kaye Eldridge, the Project Officer of the College. Much of the administrative preparation for the second conference was undertaken with great competence by Carina Gerlach, then a research student at Loughborough University. We benefited at both conferences from the presence not only of an array of knowledgeable academics but also a number of experienced current and former practitioners. These included David Allen, Karen Banks, Jozef Batora, Frank Brennan, Michael Carrel, Felix Dodds, John Eddy, SJ, Alexander Evans, Carlton Evans, Frédéric Grare, Klaus-Peter Klaiber, Sarah Kline, Bernard Kuiten, John Hemery, David Hendon, Ross Hornby, Geoffrey Brahm Levey, David Lovell, Tony McGrew, Paul O’Callaghan, April Palmerlee, Tony Payne, Nana Poku, Pallavi Rai, Haider Reza, Peter Rodgers, Carne Ross, Michael Reiffenstuel, Ralph Seccombe, Tim Shaw, Major-General Michael Smith, AO, Koichiro Tanaka, Ronald Walker, Ali Wardak, and Geoffrey Wiseman. Ambassador Muhammad Shaaban provided a very informative dinner speech at the Wilton Park conference. At CIGI, Kelly Jackson’s role was crucial for the successful running of the two conferences. Andrew Schrumm smoothly managed the process for delivering the completed manuscript. David Yoon provided a creative tem- plate for the cover design. As in other projects John English, the executive director, and Daniel Schwanen, the chief operating officer and director of research, created an ix 99778800223300__221100559922__0011__pprreexxiivv..iinndddd iixx 55//77//22000088 44::4444::3322 PPMM