Global Children, Global Media Migration, Media and Childhood Liesbeth de Block and David Buckingham Global Children, Global Media July18,2007 9:25 MAC/GCG Page-i 0230_506992_01_preiv AlsobyDavidBuckingham BEYONDTECHNOLOGY:LearningintheAgeofDigitalCulture YOUNGPEOPLE,SEXANDTHEMEDIA MEDIAEDUCATION:Literacy,LearningandContemporaryCulture AFTERTHEDEATHOFCHILDHOOD: GrowingUpintheAgeof ElectronicMedia July18,2007 9:25 MAC/GCG Page-ii 0230_506992_01_preiv Global Children, Global Media Migration, Media and Childhood Liesbeth de Block and David Buckingham InstituteofEducation,UniversityofLondon July18,2007 9:25 MAC/GCG Page-iii 0230_506992_01_preiv ©LiesbethdeBlockandDavidBuckingham2007 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noparagraphofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, 90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentified astheauthorsofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2007by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XSand 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y.10010 Companiesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld PALGRAVEMACMILLANistheglobalacademicimprintofthePalgrave MacmillandivisionofSt.Martin’sPress,LLCandofPalgraveMacmillanLtd. Macmillan(cid:2)isaregisteredtrademarkintheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom andothercountries.PalgraveisaregisteredtrademarkintheEuropean Unionandothercountries. ISBN-13:978(cid:3)0(cid:3)230(cid:3)50699(cid:3)2hardback ISBN-10:0(cid:3)230(cid:3)50699(cid:3)2hardback Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby AntonyRoweLtd,ChippenhamandEastbourne July18,2007 9:25 MAC/GCG Page-iv 0230_506992_01_preiv For Daniella July18,2007 9:25 MAC/GCG Page-v 0230_506992_02_previ This page intentionally left blank Contents PrefaceandAcknowledgments viii 1 Changing Spaces: Globalisation, Media, Identity and Childhood 1 2 WeAretheWorld?:ChildrenandMigration 29 3 BetweentheGlobalandtheLocal:YoungPeople,Media andMigration 57 4 GoingGlobal:ChildhoodintheAgeofGlobalMedia 77 5 FindingaPlace:MigrantChildrenUsingMedia 94 6 Making Migrant Identities: Television in Children’s EverydayLives 115 7 Speaking for Themselves?: Researching Youth Media Production 134 8 PictureMeIn:MigrantChildrenasMediaMakers 157 9 Rapping All Over the World: Music, Media and InterculturalCommunication 177 10 Conclusion 195 Bibliography 201 Index 218 vii July18,2007 9:25 MAC/GCG Page-vii 0230_506992_03_previi Preface and Acknowledgments Children today are growing up in a world of global media, in which the voices of many cultures compete for attention. Media produced specifically for children are increasingly marketed on a global scale; whilemediaaimedatamoregeneralaudiencegivechildrenaccesstoan unprecedented range of international events and experiences, as well as offering visions of other countries and cultures. Increasing numbers of children are themselves citizens of the globe: they inhabit multi- cultural societies, and many have migrated themselves and now live within active diasporas and transnational networks. Children are also using media, particularly new media, to reaffirm their ‘local’ domestic identitiesasmembersofparticularcommunities,nations,transnational or ethnic groups. These developments are likely to have a significant impact on their understanding of the world beyond their immediate circumstances,andontheirrelationshipwithit. This book seeks to address the complex and multi-faceted relation- ships between childhood, media, migration and globalisation. Our primary focus is on a specific group that has often been invisible or misrepresentedinthedebate:thatis,migrantchildren.Weareparticu- larlyconcernedwithchildrenwhohavemigratedintheirownlifetimes– that is, first generation migrants – rather than the more established ‘ethnic minority’ communities that now exist in many parts of the world.Inthisrespect,weareaddressinganissuethatisofconsiderable concernincontemporarypublicandpoliticaldebate:itisanemotion- ally charged topic that raises challenging questions about social cohe- sion, nationhood, belonging and citizenship. Yet despite the intensity of these debates, the experiences and perspectives of children them- selves are rarely brought to bear – except where they are portrayed as passivevictimsor(increasingly)asathreat. By contrast, we argue that children are often central actors in the process of migration. They are in the ‘front line’ as migrant families come to terms with their lives in their new location; and they are often the focus for parents’ fears and aspirations for the future and forthetensionbetweenculturalcontinuityandchange.Themediaare frequentlyacrucialelementinthisprocess.Childreninmigrantfamilies are likely to experience a wide range of media, from local, national, transnationalandglobalsources.Thesemediaprovidethemwithsome viii July25,2007 17:2 MAC/GCG Page-viii 0230_506992_04_prexii