Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality NATO Science Series A Series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science Programme. The Series is published by lOS Press, Amsterdam, and Kluwer Academic Publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division Sub-Series I. Life and Behavioural Sciences lOS Press II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers III. Computer and Systems Science lOS Press IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers V. Science and Technology Policy lOS Press The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly as the NATO ASI Series. The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between scientists of countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The types of scientific meeting generally supported are "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops", although other types of meeting are supported from time to time. The NATO Science Series collects together the results of these mee tings. The meetin9,.s are co-organized bij scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's Partner countries - countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe. Advanced Study Institutes are high-level tutorial courses offering in-depth study of latest advances in a field. Advanced Research Workshops are expert meetings aimed at critical assessment of a field, and iden tification of directions for future action. As a consequence of the restructuring of the NATO Science Programme in 1999, the NATO Science Series has been re-organised and there are currently five sub-series as noted above. Please consult the following web sites for information on previous volumes published in the Series, as well as details of ear lier sub-series. http://www.nato.int/science http://www.wkap.nl http://www.iospress.nl http://www.wtv-books.de/nato-pco.htm Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences - Vol. 16 Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality ediled by 1. Barnes Bergische University Wuppertal, Physical Chemislry Department, Wuppertal, Germany Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality I rkutsk, Russian Federation August21-27,2001 A C.I. P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4020-0959-4 ISBN 978-94-010-0082-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0082-6 Printed on acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Oordrechl Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a compu ter system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii Main Author list with adresses xv Atmospheric Chemistry: General Aspects European Research on Atmospheric Global Change: EU Supported Projects and Future Planning 3 Angeletti, G. Probing Chemical Mechanisms in Clean and Polluted Environments through Field Measurement / Model Comparisons 7 Cars law, N, Heard, D. E., Lee, J D., Lewis, A. C, Pilling, M J and Saunders, S. M Formation and Cycling of Aerosols in the Global Troposphere 13 Raes, F. Active and Passive Sensing of Aerosol from Space 19 Matvienko, G. G., and Belov, V V Global Self-Regulation of Ozone in the Earth Atmosphere 25 Lunin, V V and Zosimov, A.B. Tropospheric Multiphase Chemistry in Field, Modelling and Laboratory Studies 31 Herrmann, H., Barzaghi, P., Boge, 0., Briiggemann, E., Ervens, B., Donati, A., Hesper, J, Gnauk, T., Jinuma, Y, Miiller, K., NeusiijJ, C and Plewka, A. Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio Measurements: A New Tool to Understand Atmospheric Processing of Volatile Organic Compounds 37 Rudolph, J Air Pollution Monitoring in Romania 43 Mocanu, R. and Steinnes, E. Modelling Modelling of Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol across Europe: Results from the EMEP Models 51 Simpson, D. and Andersson-Skold, Y vi Emissions Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants from Aero Engines 59 Wiesen, P., Kleffmann, J. and Kurtenbach, R. Arctic Regions The Impact of Halogen Chemistry on the Oxidation Capacity of the Troposphere 67 Platt, U Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies in the Laboratory Recent Developments in Peroxy Radical Chemistry 79 Lesclaux, R. Atmospheric Chemistry of Oxygenated VOCs 8S v., Le Bras, G., Mellould, A., Magneron, l., Bossoutrot, and Laverdet, G. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Atmospheric Degradation of Aldehydes 91 D 'Anna, D. and Nielsen, C. J. The Photochemical Degradation of Chloral and Oxalyl Chloride 97 Nolan, L., Kelly, T., Wenger, J., Treacy, J., Wirtz, K., and Sidebottom, H. Fluorinated Radical Reactions of Atmospheric Importance 103 Hack, W, Hold, M., Hoyermann, K., Morozov, l. l. and Vasiliev, E. S. Heterogeneous Reactions Affecting Chlorine Activation in the Troposphere 109 Gershenzon, M. Yu., Grigorieva, V.M., II'in, S.D., Remorov, R. G., Shestakov, v., v., D. Zelenov, V. Aparina, E.A. and Gershenzon, Yu.M. Photochemical Processes in the Atmosphere 11 S Moortgat, G. K. Atmosphere-Related Aspects of the Aqueous Phase Oxidation of Sulphur Dioxide 121 Pasiuk-Bronikowska, W Soot Particles from Different Combustion Sources: Composition, Surface groups, Oxidation under Atmospheric Conditions 129 Laritchev, M. N. and Petit, J. C. Poster Contributions Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies Investigation of Particle Formation in the Photo-oxidation of Dimethyl Sulphide 141 Arsene, c., Barnes, l., Albu, M. and Becker, K.-H. vii Model Study of the Photooxidation of CH3S02SCH3 at Atmospheric Pressure: Thermal Decomposition of the CH3S02 Radical 147 Butkovskaya, N. I. and Barnes, I. Atmospheric Oxidation of Selected Primary Alcohols 153 Cavalli, F., Barnes, I. and Becker, K. H. Interaction of Ozone with Sodium Chloride - a Possible Additional Source of Chlorine in the Atmosphere 159 Levanov, A. V, Antipenko, E.£., Zosimov, A. V and Lunin, V V Transition Metal Ions in The Processes Of Acid Rain Formation 163 Yermakov, A. N. and Purmal, A. P. The Role of HC1 and HBr in Heterogeneous Processes of Stratospheric Ozone Decomposition 167 Savilov, S. V and Yagodovskaya, TV: Comparison of the N03 Heterogeneous Uptake on Dry and Humidified NaX (X=Cl, Br) Salts 173 Zelenov, V V and Aparina, E. V Global and Regional Air Pollution Studies Air Pollution in Turkey 183 Dogeroglu, T. Background State and Trends of Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfate Aerosols in the Atmosphere over Russia 189 Egorov, V/., Paramonov, S. G. and Pastuhov, B. V Changes in Land Use and Land Cover in Arid Southern Mediterranean on the Long Term Using Remote Sensing and GIS -A Case Study of Northwest Egypt 195 Gad,A Investigation ofPAH in Atmospheric Aerosols and Precipitation's of East Siberia 203 Gorshkov, A. and Marinaite, I. Regional Atmospheric Changes Caused by Natural and Antropogeneous Factors 209 Karimo, K. and Gainutdinova, R. Environmental Problems connected with Air Pollution in the industrial Regions of Ukraine 215 Kharytonov, M, Gritsan,N. and Anisimova, L. Comparison of Experimental and Calculated Data on Ion Composition of Precipitation in the South of East Siberia 223 Kuchmenko, £. V, Moloznikova, Y V, Netsvetaeva, 0. G., Kobeleva, N. A. Khodzher, T. V viii Monitoring of the Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Particle Size Distribution and Chemical Composition of the Atmospheric Aerosol in Siberia 229 v., Koutsenogii, K, Koutsenogii, P., Smolyakov, B., Makarov, Khodgher T. Model Accumulation Mode of Atmospheric Aerosol Including Photochemical Aerosol Formation, Coagulation, Dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Relative Humidity 237 Koutsenogii, P. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Atmospheric Air of Moscow: The impact of Industry and Transport 243 Laritcheva, 0. 0., Semenov, S. Yu., Smirnov, V. N., and Tananikyn, N. 1. Transcontinental Observations of the Surface Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations by Using the Carriage-Laboratory 249 Markova, T.A. and Elansky, N.F. Evaluation of On-Road Vehicle Emissions: The Lundby Tunnel Study in Gothenburg, Sweden 255 Petrea, M., Lorzer, J., Kurtenbach, R., Mocanu, R. and Wiesen, P. Season Variation of Near Ground Impurities of 03 and CO in East Siberia 261 Potemkin, V. and Obolkin, V. Roadside Measurements of Traffic Emissions from Motorway BAB 656 in Heidelberg with Emphasis on Particles 267 v., Rosenbohm, E., Scheer, Vogt, R. and Nielsen, O. J. The Effect of Distant Sources of Ozone and PMIOS on Boundary Layer Air Quality in Comwall-a rural area in the UK 273 Parsons, B. and Salter, L. Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Fall-Out as an Indicator of the Impact of Local Aerosol Emission Sources on Global Air Quality Change 279 Kovalevskaya, Y.I., Tolkacheva, G.A. and Smirnova, T. Y. Influence of the Antropogenic Emissions and Atmospheric Chemical Processes on Climate in XXI Century 287 Larin, 1. K and Ugarov, A. A. Methods and Techniques Digital Photogrammetric Method for Ecological Monitoring 297 Trubina, L., Koutsenogii, K and Guk, A. Hydrogen Technology: H2 Storage and Release 303 Morozova, 0. S. ix Impact on Ecosystems Effects from Industrial Emissions on the Lake Baikal Region Forests 311 Mikhailova, T. and Berezhnaya, N. Assessment of Siberian Forest Ecosystem Stability Against the Acidification 317 Semenov, M Air Pollution in the Adirondack Park; Public-Private Efforts to Reduce Acidity in Soils and Water 321 Jancar-Webster, B. Subject Index 327 Preface The NATO ARW in Irkutsk was an excellent occasion for the coming together of Eastern and Western scientists who are involved in tropospheric science; the workshop has greatly contributed to the scientific and social understanding among the participants from the many different countries. Many new personal contacts were made which will help to strengthen future collaborations. In particular, the Lake Baikal area and the Limnological Institute offer splendid opportunities for environmental research which, in part, is already on going. For most participants it was the first time to see the impressive nature of the Lake Baikal region. Hopefully, there will be a chance for a follow-up event in Siberia where researchers from the East and West can again meet and engage in fruitful scientific dialogue. The book contains extended abstracts of the lectures and the poster presentations presented at the NATO ARW "Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality" Irkutsk, Lake Baikal, Russian Federation, August 21-27, 2001. The ARW was composed of 22 oral presentations by key lecturers and 6 additional shorter oral presentations from participants. In a special poster session the 36 poster contributions were presented and discussed. Unfortunately not all contributors submitted extended abstracts, however, to compensate two contributions have been added from 2 participants who were originally invited but were unable to attend. The content and structure of the book is the same as the NATO ARW programme, and I will therefore dispense with a discussion of the individual contributions at the workshop. In order to impart a better impression of what the NATO ARW achieved we have included below the summary of the official Discussion and Conclusions of the workshop: General Discussion and Conclusions Global changes of the atmosphere, the topic of our workshop, create adverse effects, however, uncontrolled changes without knowing the reasons would be even more frightening. We all can agree with Valentin Rasputin, the famous Russian environmental campaigner and book author, that mankind is endangered somehow as soon as his environment gets damaged by pollution. The Lake Baikal region with all its beauty and essentials for flora and fauna is a worldwide outstanding example for such a potential danger. In order to better understand our environment, at least the troposphere, where most of the ARW participants are involved with their work, the following needs for the next future which came out from the interesting presentations of the workshop have been summarised: • The finer details of chemical feedback processes which control global changes in the atmosphere are not understood. • For reliable modelling anthropogenic and natural emission data have to be evaluated and permanently tested worldwide. Even in Europe the biogenic VOCemissions, but also the anthropogenic VOC emissions from non-traffic sources require further evaluation. New field measurements indicate that also the natural NO emissions can x have a significant impact on oxidation processes in rural areas. • The finer details of atmospheric processes are strongly related to the radical budget which is responsible for the tropospheric oxidation capacity. It is this property which determines the tum over of degradation processes with its impact on the average concentration of many trace compounds which, in part, are involved in the radiation balance of the atmosphere. Many photochemical radical sources, e.g. by oxygenated VOCs, are presently not known. On the other side also surface reactions as sinks of radicals or their precursors have to be better investigated. Under conditions of higher urban pollution most processes are fairly clear at present, maybe also under very clean Xl