GLOBAL ALGAE INNOVATIONS Algae Solutions to Global Dilemmas DOE BIO ECONOMY Conference 2017 Dave Hazlebeck Global Algae Innovations Algae Solutions to Global Dilemmas 1. Rural rejuvenation & jobs 2. Protein crisis 3. Water, deforestation, climate Algae Commodities: Protein and Lipids Make-up Water & Nutrients Open Raceway Drying & Flue Gas Harvest Growth Extraction Lipid Protein meal Intermediate Intermediate Conversion to Oil Hydrotreating or Protein Poly-ols Purification transesterification Processing Consumer Products Oil for food Biofuel Protein for food Aquaculture Protein-based Animal Feed $1-3/kg $1-3/kg $0.5/kg $1-3/kg Feed$0.7-1.5/kg polymers $0.5/kg $0.5/kg Why is Algae a Big Deal? US(cid:9)Annual(cid:9)Agricultural(cid:9)Output(cid:9) 200(cid:9) 180(cid:9) 160(cid:9) (cid:9) ) n o140(cid:9) i l l i b (cid:9)120(cid:9) $ (cid:9)( s t100(cid:9) p i e c e 80(cid:9) R (cid:9) h s 60(cid:9) a C 40(cid:9) 20(cid:9) 0(cid:9) Crops(cid:9) Animals(cid:9)&(cid:9)Animal(cid:9) Algae(cid:9)Poten al(cid:9) products(cid:9) Algae could double US crop output with 2% of land and 3% of water Productivity is a Key Driver of Economic Growth and High Quality Jobs Algae(cid:9)is(cid:9)Transforma onal(cid:9) 70(cid:9) ) r Algae y Commercial(cid:9) 60(cid:9) a h Algae Demonstrated(cid:9) / 50(cid:9) t Target(cid:9) m Soybean ( 40(cid:9) d Canola l e Jetropha i 30(cid:9) Y Corn Ethanol n Algae i 20(cid:9) Sugarcane Ethanol e t o Palm r P 10(cid:9) Cellulosic Ethanol Algae 0(cid:9) (cid:9)-(cid:9)(cid:9)(cid:9)(cid:9) (cid:9)1,000(cid:9)(cid:9) (cid:9)2,000(cid:9)(cid:9) (cid:9)3,000(cid:9)(cid:9) (cid:9)4,000(cid:9)(cid:9) (cid:9)5,000(cid:9)(cid:9) Oil Yield (gal equivalent / ac yr) Successfully creating algae industry Economic Boon --- Higher Standard of Living --- Massive Job Creation Algae CO Re-use = Lower Electric Rates 2 and More Competitive US Industry Convert CO 2 waste into a product Potential CO re-use 2 in US is greater than 800 million mt/year An Algae Industry Would Solve the Protein Crisis Food Prices FAO projections Trigger Unrest • Need 3x aquaculture protein ONR/AFOSR Study • Need 2x other protein • Crop yield increase ~1.2 %/year 2500(cid:9) 650(cid:9) 2300(cid:9) (cid:9)Fishmeal(cid:9)Price(cid:9) 600(cid:9) (cid:9) (cid:9)2100(cid:9) 550(cid:9)) 60(cid:9) t) (cid:9)Soymeal(cid:9)Price(cid:9) mt m1900(cid:9) 500(cid:9) 53(cid:9) / / $ (cid:9)($1700(cid:9) 450(cid:9)e(cid:9)( s)(cid:9) 50(cid:9) Algae(cid:9) ice1500(cid:9) 400(cid:9)ric on Soybean(cid:9) eal(cid:9)Pr11130000(cid:9)(cid:9) 330500(cid:9)(cid:9)meal(cid:9)P etric(cid:9)t 40(cid:9) h m s 900(cid:9) 250(cid:9)y Fi o (cid:9)( 30(cid:9) 28(cid:9) S d 700(cid:9) 200(cid:9) l e i 500(cid:9) 150(cid:9) (cid:9)Y n 20(cid:9) 300(cid:9) 100(cid:9) i e '98(cid:9) '99(cid:9) '00(cid:9) '01(cid:9) '02(cid:9) '03(cid:9) '04(cid:9) '05(cid:9) '06(cid:9) '07(cid:9) '08(cid:9) '09(cid:9) '10(cid:9) '11(cid:9) '12(cid:9) '13(cid:9) '14(cid:9) '15(cid:9) '16(cid:9) t o Date(cid:9)(cid:9) r P 10(cid:9) 7(cid:9) 1(cid:9) 1(cid:9) 1(cid:9) 0(cid:9) Land(cid:9) Water(cid:9) Fer lizer(cid:9) (mt/0.9(cid:9)ha)(cid:9) (kg/1400(cid:9)gal)(cid:9) (kg/31g(cid:9)P)(cid:9) An Algae Industry Would Contribute to Global Environmental Solutions Global Agricultural Footprint Leading cause of deforestation and Land 1,000 acres of algae habitat loss is for protein production Mass saves 40,000 acres Water Leading cause of global water Use impairment is agricultural run-off Accounts for 24% of global greenhouse GHG gas emissions Emissions Algae has no run-off, prevents dead zones Walsh et al. Carbon Balance Manage (2015) 10:26 Presents Multidisciplinary Problems with Multiple Breakthroughs Required ‘Show-stoppers’ • CO supply 2 • Water use • Mixing energy • Harvesting energy • Weed algae & predators • Open system productivity • Scalability We seem to have a few problems going from lab-scale to full-scale production Demonstrated Solutions to All ‘Show-Stoppers’ Cultivation System Avoids contamination CO supply 100x greater scaling 2 24-hr capture ¼ mixing energy 2.5” water press. drop 3x productivity Long-term storage Rain capture 200x less control pts No ground-level flue gas release Zobi Harvester® 100% harvest eff. 15-20% solids No flocculants 1/100th energy use