The Project Gutenberg EBook of Glass, by Edward Dillon This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: Glass Author: Edward Dillon Release Date: September 16, 2014 [EBook #46877] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GLASS *** Produced by David Garcia, Sonya Schermann, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) Transcriber's Notes In two instances, the letter N has been printed with a macron above it. This has been represented as [=N]. Some presumed printer's errors have been corrected. These are listed in a second transcriber's note at the end of the text. THE CONNOISSEUR’S LIBRARY GENERAL EDITOR: CYRIL DAVENPORT GLASS PLATE I PLATE I ENAMELLED GOBLET VENETIAN OR FRANCO-SYRIAN. CIRCA 1300, A.D. GLASS BY EDWARD DILLON, M.A. The Connoisseur’s Library NEW YORK: G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS LONDON: METHUEN AND CO. 1907 v I PREFACE t is now nearly thirty years since the late Mr. Nesbitt wrote the introduction to the catalogue of the glass at South Kensington. Some years previously the description of the glass in the Slade collection had been intrusted to the same gentleman. Since that time many works treating of special departments of the history of glass have been published in France, in Germany, and in Italy. Much fresh light has been thrown upon the primitive glass of the Egyptians; our knowledge of the glass of both the Near and the Far East has been revolutionised; abundant fresh material has been provided for the history of Byzantine glass, and the wanderings of the glass-workers from L’Altare and Murano have been traced in full detail. Mr. Hartshorne, in his Old English Glasses, has exhaustively told the story of our native glass from the documentary side, and has described with the minutest detail the wine-glasses of the eighteenth century. Apart, however, from the introductory chapters of the last work, I know of no attempt of recent years to give a general account of the history of glass—using that term in the narrower sense—as viewed from the artistic side. We have at hand in the British Museum a collection of glass that has no rival elsewhere; only second to it is the collection at South Kensington. It is in these collections that the history of glass must be studied. I have from time to time in the following pages called attention to the most remarkable examples. I hope that what I have said may assist the student in threading his way through what is a rather complicated history. My best thanks are due to Mr. C. H. Read, who has charge of the glass in the British Museum, for the facilities that he has afforded me in the photographing of the examples in his department; not less to Mr. A. B. Skinner, director of the Victoria and Albert Museum, for similar facilities at South Kensington. I am indebted to Professor Church for much valuable information and for some hitherto unpublished analyses of glass; to Lord Rothschild and to Mr. Vincent Robinson, C.I.E., for photographs of examples of glass in their collections; finally, to Signor Ongania, of Venice, for permission to reproduce from Passini’s great work on the Treasury of St. Mark’s some photographs of the glass there preserved. E. D. vi vii CONTENTS PAGE Preface, v List of Illustrations, ix Selected Bibliography of Works on Glass, xxii Key to the Bibliographical List, xxviii Chapter I. Introduction, 1 Chapter II. Primitive Glass of the Egyptians and Syrians, 18 Chapter III. Later Greek Glass and the Moulded and Cast Glass of the Roman Empire, 43 Chapter IV. The Blown Glass of the Roman Empire, 59 Chapter V. Early Christian Glass, Byzantine Glass, and the Glass of the Middle Ages in the East and the West, 89 Chapter VI. Glass from Anglo-Saxon and Frankish Tombs. The so-called Hedwig Glasses, 107 Chapter VII. Mediæval Treatises on Glass, 118 Chapter VIII. Glass of the Later Middle Ages in Western Europe, 132 Chapter IX. The Enamelled Glass of the Saracens, 144 Chapter X. The Enamelled Glass of the Saracens (continued), 161 Chapter XI. The Glass of Venice—The Origins—Beads, 174 Chapter XII. The Enamelled Venetian Glass of the Fifteenth Century, 192 Chapter XIII. Varieties of Venetian Glass—Early Literature, 200 Chapter XIV. The French Glass of the Renaissance, 220 Chapter XV. The Renaissance Glass of the Spanish Netherlands and of Spain, 240 Chapter XVI. The Glass of Germany. The Green Glass of the Rhine and the Netherlands—Enamelled Glass, 251 Chapter XVII. The Glass of Germany (continued). German Cut and Engraved Glass—The Ruby Glass of Kunckel—Milch Glass, 276 Chapter XVIII. Dutch Glass of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, 294 Chapter XIX. English Glass of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, 299 Chapter XX. English Glass of the Eighteenth Century, 321 viii Chapter XXI. The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Glass of Persia, India, and China, 337 Chapter XXII. Contemporary Glass, 356 Index, 361 ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS I. Syrian or Venetian Glass. Enamelled Beaker of slightly greenish glass with a few elongated bubbles. (H. 71⁄2 in.) The Virgin and Child enthroned between conventional lilies; on either side an angel holding a tall candle; beyond, the figures of St. Peter and St. Paul. Above, an inscription in Gothic characters—D[=N]IA MATER REGIS ALTISSIMI ORA P PA. From the Adrian Hope collection. End of thirteenth century. British Museum. (Frontispiece.) II. Unguentaria of Primitive Glass. British Museum. (1) From Gurob, near Illahun, Upper Egypt. (H. 4 in.) Decoration of palm-pattern formed by double drag, on a sard-coloured translucent ground. Nineteenth Dynasty. (2) Amphora-shaped vase. (H. 53⁄8 in.) Pattern formed by simple drag, on opaque red ground. The body apparently turned on wheel. Handles of green transparent glass. Said to come from the Ionian Islands. (3) Small Jug of Oenochoë shape. (H. 51⁄2 in.) Palm pattern formed by double drag, on dark blue, nearly opaque ground. Provenance uncertain. From the Slade collection. (To face p. 22.) III. Egyptian Glass Pastes. British Museum. (1) Scarab of dark blue paste with white veins imitating lapis lazuli. (L. 31⁄2 in.) From Thebes. Later Empire. (2) Vase for cosmetics, in shape of column with papyrus capital. (H. 33⁄4 in.) Slade collection. (3) Plaque of ‘fused mosaic.’ (L. 31⁄4 in., about 3⁄8 in. in thickness.) From the cemetery at Denderah. Ptolemaic period. (To face p. 32.) IV. (1) Small bottle (‘lachrymatory’). (H. 3 in.) Glass of various colours arranged in wavy lines, and now in part iridescent. Probably from a Greco-Roman tomb. Slade collection. (2) Bowl of thin white glass, finished on the lathe. (Diam. 33⁄4 in.) Probably from a late Greek tomb. (3) Spherical vase of pale blue transparent glass. (H. 33⁄8 in.) The mark of the two parts of the mould into which the glass was blown is visible. Decoration of dolphins, fishes, etc., on bands. Probably Roman, first century A.D. Slade collection. 1, 2, and 3, all in British Museum. (To face p. 45.) V. Two Bowls of Millefiori Roman Glass. Probably Roman, first century A.D. British Museum. (1) Madrepore pattern, in dark purple ground. (Diam. 5 in.) (2) Breccia pattern, in purple ground with white scrolls. From the Durand collection. (Diam. 51⁄4 in.) (To face p. 50.) VI. (1) Beaker with oval bosses, formed by blowing into a mould with apertures. (H. 5 in.) Clear white glass. Said to have come from Constantinople. Greco-Roman, first century A.D. (2) Tall-necked flask of pale green transparent glass. (H. 63⁄4 in.) Maze-like pattern, formed by blowing into mould. Greco-Roman. From Melos. (3) Small octagonal pyx, or case for cosmetics. (H. 61⁄4 in.) White opaque glass (but probably originally transparent); blown into mould. From Sidon. Probably first century B.C. 1, 2, and 3, all in British Museum. (To face p. 56.) VII. Sepulchral Glass From the Syrian Coast (said to come from Mount Carmel). Probably about first century B.C. Pale green glass, with iridescence. British Museum. (1) Vase for cosmetics in shape of double column. (H. 51⁄4 in.) (2) Vase with six handles. (H. 41⁄4 in.) (3) Vase with handles and stringings of cobalt-blue. (H. 8 in.) (To face p. 60.) VIII. Bowl of Olive-Green Glass, carved in high (detached) relief. Mounted on metal stand and with metal rim. Deep red by transmitted light. Subject—The Madness of Lycurgus. Probably Roman, about third or fourth century A.D. From the collection of Lord Rothschild. (To face p. 73.) IX. Roman Glass from Graves in Britain. British Museum. (1) Jug of pale olive glass, with iridescence. (H. 83⁄8 in.) From Colchester. (2) Vase of olive-green glass, with two handles, each ending in quilled attachments. (H. 9 in.) From Bayford, near Sittingbourne. (To face p. 86.) X. Gilt Glass of the Cemeteries. Fifth century A.D. British Museum. x xi (1) Part of a bowl, the sides ornamented with small medallions of gilt glass. Subjects—Adam and Eve, Sacrifice of Isaac, Jonas, the Three Children, Daniel, etc. (Max. dimension, 61⁄2 in.) Found near the Church of St. Severinus, Cologne. (2) Disc from base of bowl. (Diam. 33⁄4 in.) Below, Christ, between Timothy and Hippolytus; above, St. Paul, St. Sixtus, and St. Laurence, standing between torque columns. (3) Portraits of Bride and Bridegroom—Orfitus and Constantia; with figure of Hercules and congratulatory inscription. (Diam. 4 in.) (To face p. 91.) XI. Byzantine Glass, from the Treasury of St. Mark’s, Venice. (Reproduced from Passini, Tesoro di S. Marco.) (1) ‘Balance-pan’ lamp of clear glass for suspension. On the silver rim, an invocation to St. Pantaleone by the Bishop of Iberia. (Diam. 101⁄2 in.) (2) Ellipsoid lamp, for suspension. Common glass, carved in high relief with shells, fishes, etc. Silver rim, with cloisons for jewels and sockets for candles. (Chief diam. 8 in.) (3) Paten, or more likely ‘balance-pan’ lamp. Greenish glass, incised with a series of concentric rings. (Diam. 7 in.) (To face p. 96.) XII. Cantharus-shaped Vase of sky-blue, bubbly glass. (H. 61⁄4 in.) Probably a chalice. Circa fifth century A.D. Found at Amiens. From the Pourtalès collection. British Museum. (To face p. 98.) XIII. Byzantine or Early Saracenic Glass, from the Treasury of St. Mark’s, Venice. (Reproduced from Passini, Tesoro di S. Marco.) Pear-shaped vase, set with ‘false’ metal spout and handle, to resemble an ampulla. Carved in low relief, in imitation of rock-crystal—design of two sheep-like animals amid conventional foliage. (Glass alone 4 in. in H.) (To face p. 101.) XIV. Byzantine or Late Roman Glass, from the Treasury of St. Mark’s, Venice. (Reproduced from Passini, Tesoro di S. Marco.) Situla of greenish glass, carved in high (detached) relief with a hunting scene. Below, a raised grating, supported on rods of glass (diatretum work). H. 11 in. (To face p. 102.) XV. Glass Beads. British Museum. (1) Cylindrical beads with white and yellow pellets: (i) Blue glass with satyr-like mask; (ii) opaque greenish glass. Probably from Cyprus. Greek or Phœnician. (2) Two Chevron beads. Provenance uncertain. Slade collection. (3) Three chains of beads, from Frankish tombs in the Rhine-Moselle district. (To face p. 108.) XVI. Anglo-Saxon Glass. Prunted Beaker of olive-green glass. (H. 111⁄8 in.) From burial-mound, Taplow. British Museum. (To face p. 111.) XVII. Anglo-Saxon Glass. (1) Conical cup of pale green glass, with applied threadings. (H. 101⁄4 in.) From Kempston, Bedfordshire. British Museum. (2) Drinking-cup of olive-green glass. (H. 81⁄2 in.) From Faversham, Kent. British Museum (Gibbs Bequest). (To face p. 112.) XVIII. Hedwig Glass (so-called). Two views of a cup of nearly colourless glass (H. about 4 in.), carved in relief with lion, griffin, and shield. German or Oriental; thirteenth century, or perhaps earlier. Now mounted on Gothic metal stand, which is not shown. Germanic Museum, Nuremberg. (To face p. 114.) XIX. Mediæval Glass Furnace. Reproduction of a coloured miniature from a manuscript, written probably in 1023, of Rabanus Maurus (De Originibus Rerum), preserved in the library at Monte Cassino. (To face p. 124.) XX. German Glass, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Century. Dark bluish-green glass, from the Germanic Museum, Nuremberg. (1) Prunted cup for holding relics. (2) Wax cover to above, with seal of the Abbey to which it belonged. (To face p. 137.) XXI. Do. do. (1) Small cup with pap-shaped prunts. xii xiii xiv (2) Cup with conical cover, containing relics. (To face p. 137.) XXII. Saracenic Glass. Pilgrim bottle; brownish, amber-coloured thick glass, enamelled and gilt. (H. about 8 in.) On the flattened back a rose-wheel design. Long preserved at Würzburg; said to come from Mesopotamia. Circa 1300 A.D. British Museum. (To face p. 153.) XXIII. Saracenic Glass. Tall-necked bottle; decorated with enamelled and gilt medallions, Chinese phœnix, etc. (H. 171⁄2 in.) The inscription has been read ‘Glory to our Lord the Sultan, the wise, the just, the warrior King.’ Bought in Cairo. Circa 1300 A.D. Victoria and Albert Museum (Myers Bequest). (To face p. 154.) XXIV. Saracenic Glass. Victoria and Albert Museum. (1) Small lamp of clear white glass, a little decayed on surface. (H. 81⁄4 in.) Enamels of white, red, and yellow with gold, sparingly applied—horsemen with falcons; gold frieze on rim and foot. Stated to have come from a Christian monastery in Syria. Late thirteenth or early fourteenth century. Myers Bequest. (2) Vessel for oil. Probably to be suspended in a large mosque lamp (lantern). (H. 61⁄2 in.) Pale greenish-blue glass, with remains of the gilding that formerly covered it. (To face p. 156.) XXV. Saracenic Glass. Beaker enamelled with frieze of three polo-players, between two bands with inscription in Arabic, both in praise of ‘our Lord the Sultan’ (without date or proper name). About 1300. The silver-gilt foot and cover are probably Augsburg work of the early sixteenth century. From a reproduction in water-colours of the original in the Grüne Gewölbe, Dresden. (To face p. 162.) XXVI. Saracenic Glass. Mosque lamp (H. 16 in.) from Cairo. Clear white glass with many bubbles. Eight handles for suspension. Design of lotus-blossom, etc., outlined in opaque red, and the interstices filled with translucent blue enamel. Early fourteenth century. Victoria and Albert Museum (Myers Bequest). (To face p. 168.) XXVII. (1) Drinking-cup (Diam. 51⁄2 in.) of honey-coloured glass. In centre, enamelled figure of ‘the angel who serves the wine to the faithful.’ Angel’s wings and surrounding band, gold upon a lavender-blue ground. Persian in style, but according to M. Schefer, possibly made at Ermenas and enamelled at Aleppo. Probably fifteenth century. British Museum. (2) Hollow Sphere of honey-coloured enamelled glass. (Diam. 4 in.) Ornament of chain of mosque lamp. Provenance unknown, but probably from Northern Syria. British Museum. (To face p. 172.) XXVIII. Venetian Glass. The Aldrevandini Beaker. (H. 51⁄8 in.) Thin clear glass with black specks, enamelled with three shields bearing the arms of South German towns: (1) Three stag-horns in fesse, azure; (2) argent, three keys in fesse, gules; (3) per fesse argent and sable, in chief a bar. Between, apple-green leaves outlined in white. Some enamelling also inside. Inscription in Gothic letters. About 1300 A.D. British Museum. (To face p. 179.) XXIX. Venetian Glass. The Berovieri Cup. (H. c. 81⁄2 in.) Coppa Nuziale (marriage cup) of deep-blue glass, enamelled and gilt. The heads of bride and bridegroom in medallions. Between, (1) a procession of knights and ladies approaching a fountain; (2) bathing in fountain. Attributed to Angelo Berovieri. About 1440. Museo Civico, Venice. (To face p. 194.) XXX. Venetian Glass. (1) Lamp for suspension, enamelled with studs of white on coloured ground. (H. 11 in.) Shield with stemma of Tiepolo family. Early sixteenth century. Museo Civico, Venice. (2) Stemless cup of thin clear glass. (H. 51⁄2 in.) Decorated with scrolls, lions, and birds, in ‘painted’ enamel. About 1450. Dug up while excavating the foundations of the new Campanile. Museo Civico, Venice. (To face p. 199.) XXXI. Venetian Glass. Flower-vase. (H. 11 in.) Transparent, colourless glass, slightly greyish, with tendency to deliquescence on surface: threading and studs of cobalt-blue. Probably sixteenth century. British Museum. (Slade, ex Bernal collection.) (To face p. 200.) XXXII. Venetian Glass. Spherical vase (H., with ‘made-up’ foot, 91⁄2 in.) of opaque white glass, decorated with gilt scrolls and bosses and a pair of rudely drawn mermaids. Sixteenth century. British Museum. (Slade, ex D’Azeglio collection.) (To face p. 203.) XXXIII. Venetian Glass. Pilgrim’s bottle. (H. 61⁄2 in.) Design (Cupid fishing, and Venus and Anchises) painted in blue on opaque white (lattimo) ground. Early sixteenth century. Museo Civico, Venice. xv xvi xvii (To face p. 204.) XXXIV. Venetian Glass, enamelled and gilt. Early sixteenth century. British Museum. (1) Plate of thin glass. (Diam. 7 in.) In centre a shield with oak tree, green and gold on blue ground. (? Rovere arms.) Round margin a ring of delicate pattern in powder gold. Early sixteenth century. (Slade collection.) (2) Tazza of thin glass. (Diam. 6 in.) Coat of arms in lozenge in centre, surrounded by ring with flowers in oval medallions—apple-green, dull red, blue and yellow enamels. Powder gold band round margin. (Slade, ex Bernal collection.) (To face p. 214.) XXXV. French Glass of Renaissance. British Museum. (Slade collection.) (1) Statuette of Louis XIII. or XIV. (H. 41⁄4 in.) Opaque white glass with coloured enamels. Probably made at Nevers. Seventeenth century. (2) Statuette of man with muff. (H. of figure, 5 in.) Opaque white, porcelain-like glass, on a copper base. On stand of white Dresden china, partly gilt. (3) Small burette (H. 5 in.) of dark greenish-blue transparent glass; the body and neck splashed with green, white, and red enamels. Gilt berry-like bosses on body. Probably sixteenth century. (To face p. 233.) XXXVI. Spanish Glass. Victoria and Albert Museum. (1) Vase of pale bottle-green glass; four handles with quilled edges. (H. 61⁄2 in.) From the South of Spain. Sixteenth or seventeenth century. (2) Jug of white transparent glass (H. 81⁄2 in.), made at S. Ildefonso. (3) Vase of transparent glass, slightly greenish. (H. 6 in.) Two handles with quilled edges. From the South of Spain. Sixteenth or seventeenth century. (To face p. 245.) XXXVII. German Glass. Roemer of green glass; berry prunts on waist; the foot built up of glass stringing. Circa 1600. Germanic Museum, Nuremberg. (To face p. 254.) XXXVIII. German Glass Furnace. Sixteenth century. From Agricola, De Re Metallica, Basle, 1556. (To face p. 260.) XXXIX. German Glass. Willkomm Humpen, enamelled in colours with the Reichs-adler. On the wings, as recorded by an inscription on the back, the arms of the various members of the Holy Roman Empire. Dated 1656. Greenish glass; below margin, a ring of ‘powdered’ gold, between beading of white and blue enamel. British Museum (Henderson Bequest). (To face p. 264.) XL. German Glass. British Museum. (1) Beaker of clear white glass. (H. 51⁄2 in.) Enamelled with double eagle, white and blue, with yellow beaks and claws; at the back a sprig of lily-of-the-valley. Dated 1596. From the Bernal collection. (2) Jug of pale purple glass (H. 8 in.) with pewter lid. Enamelled with a white dog pursuing a red stag and fox. In addition green, blue, and yellow enamels. Dated 1595. From the Slade collection. (To face p. 267.) XLI. German Glass. Willkomm Humpen. Enamelled in colours with hunting scene, the game being driven into net. About 1600. British Museum. (To face p. 268.) XLII. German Glass. Covered beaker of clear white glass. (H. with cover 63⁄4 in.) Engraved with design of amorini dancing among vines. The metal knob of cover is enamelled and gilt, and on the interior button are enamelled the arms of the Archbishop of Trèves, with the following inscription:—Joan Hugo D.G. Arc. Trev. PR. EL. EP. SP. Early eighteenth century. (To face p. 283.) XLIII. Dutch Glass. Beaker in the form of a roemer. (H. 9 in.) On the bowl, in medallions, heads symbolising the four seasons, scratched with the diamond. The waist, decorated with berry prunts, showing remains of gilding. On this part is scratched (in English) ‘August the 18th, 1663,’ and the letters W.H.E. between bay branches. On the foot a landscape with hunting scene. British Museum. (To face p. 296.) XLIV. English Wine-Glasses. British Museum. (1) Wine-glass, early eighteenth century. (H. 83⁄4 in.) The hollow knop of the moulded stem is decorated with prunts and encloses a sixpence of Queen Anne (dated 1707). (2) Jacobite wine-glass with opaque twisted stem. (H. 73⁄4 in.) On the bowl is engraved a portrait of the Young Pretender, inscribed ‘Cognoscunt me mei’; at the back are the words Premium Virtutis under a crown. xviii xix xx (3) Jacobite wine-glass with air-twisted stem. Round the bowl are engraved the words ‘Immortal Memory’; above, a band of vine-leaves, and below, fleurs-de-lis and roses. Presented by Mr. A. Hartshorne. (To face p. 327.) XLV. English Flint Glass. Victoria and Albert Museum. (1) Standing cup and cover (H. 12 in.) on square, stepped foot. Carved in relief with gadroons descending spirally. End of eighteenth century. Presented by Mr. H. B. Lennard. (2) Bowl standing on square base. (H. 81⁄2 in.) The whole of the surface facetted; the under surface of the foot cut into square compartments. End of eighteenth century. Presented by Mr. H. B. Lennard. (To face p. 332.) XLVI. Persian Glass. Tall-necked vase of colourless glass; body shaped in a mould; appliqué stringings on foot. Taken from a tomb at Baku. Vincent Robinson collection. (To face p. 338.) XLVII. Persian Glass. Victoria and Albert Museum. Seventeenth or eighteenth century. (1) Tall-necked, pear-shaped vase, the surface spirally ribbed, of deep blue transparent glass. (H. 11 in.) (2) Cruet-shaped vase of clear white glass. (H. 9 in.) From the Richard collection. (3) Perfume sprinkler, with curved neck and barnacle-shaped lip. Blue transparent glass, the surface spirally ribbed. (H. 12 in.) (To face p. 340.) XLVIII. Indian Glass. Indian Museum. Vase or basin with wide-spreading lip. (H. 53⁄4 in.) Milky, semi-transparent glass; the ground gilt, surrounding white flowers, with pistils of red enamel. Provenance unknown. (Delhi district?) (To face p. 343.) XLIX. Chinese Glass. Victoria and Albert Museum. (1) Bowl of mottled green glass with purple markings, imitating jade. (H. 27⁄8 in.) Eighteenth century. From the Bernal collection. (2) Spindle-shaped vase of orange, ‘tortoise-shell’ glass. (H. 71⁄2 in.) The stopper of silver, inlaid with Chinese characters; the base European. (3) Small tripod vase of mottled yellow glass, in form of incense-burner. (H. 33⁄4 in.) Eighteenth century. (To face p. 350.) SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS ON GLASS Agricola (Georg): De Re Metallica (last chapter of work). Basle, 1556. Appert (L.) et Henrivaux: Verre et Verrerie. Paris, 1894. Appert (L.): Notes sur les verres des Vitraux Anciens. Paris, 1896. Bapst (A.): Chinesische Glasarbeiten; Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst, 1885. Bate (Percy): English Table-Glass. No date. (1904?) Biringuccio (V.): De la Pirotechnia. Venice, 1540. Blancourt (Haudicquer de): L’Art de la Verrerie. Paris, 1697. Bontemps (G.):— Guide du Verrier. Paris, 1868. Exposé des moyens employés pour la fabrication des Verres Filigranés. 1845. Bordoni: L’Arte Vetraria in Altare. Savona, 1884. Bosc d’Antic (P.): Mémoires sur l’Art de la Verrerie. Paris, 1780. Boutellier (L’Abbé): Histoire des Gentilshommes Verriers de Nevers. Brent (John): ‘On Chevron Beads.’ Archæologia, vol. xlv. Brinckmann (Justus): Various Catalogues, etc., of the Hamburg Museum. Bucher (B.): Die Glassammlung des K.K. Oesterreich. Museum. Vienna, 1888. Bushell (S. W.):— Oriental Ceramic Art. New York, 1899. Chinese Art, vol. ii. (South Kensington Art Handbooks). 1906. Busselin (D.): Les Célèbres Verreries de Venise. Venice, 1846. Cecchetti:— xxi xxii xxiii Delle Origini dell’ Arte Vetraria Muranese. R. Institute Veneto, 1872. Monographie dell’ Arte Vetraria. Venice, 1874. Czihak (E. von): Schlesische Gläser. Breslau, 1891. Dalton (O. M.):— Catalogue of Early Christian Antiquities in the British Museum—Cemetery Glasses. 1901. ‘Gilded Glass of Catacombs.’ Archæological Journal, 1901. Deville (A.): Histoire de l’Art de la Verrerie dans l’Antiquité. Paris, 1873. Dobbs (H. C.): ‘Glass-blowers of North-west Provinces.’ Journal of Indian Art, vol. vii. Eraclius: see Heraclius. Fillon (B.): L’Art de Terre chez les Poitevins. Niort, 1864. Fioravanti (L.): Dello Specchio di Scienza Universale, Bk. vii. cap. 29. Venice, 1567. Fourcaud (L. de): Émile Gallé. Paris, 1903. Fowler (J.): ‘On the Process of Decay in Glass.’ Archæologia, vol. xlvi. Franks (Sir A. W.):— Guide to Glass Room in British Museum, 1888. Art Treasures of United Kingdom. Vitreous Art. 1858. Friedrich (C.): Die Altdeutschen Gläser. Nürnberg, 1884. Froehner (W.): La Verrerie Antique. Collection Charvet, 1879. Garnier (E.):— Histoire de la Verrerie et de l’Émaillerie. Tours, 1886. Spitzer Catalogue, vol. iii. ‘La Verrerie.’ Garrucci (P. R.):— Storia dell’ Arte Christiana, vol. iii. 1876. Vetri ornati di Figure in Oro. 1858 and 1864. Garzoni (T.): Piazza Universale di tutte le professioni del Mondo. Discorso lxiv. Venice, 1585. Gerspach: L’Art de la Verrerie. Paris, 1885. Griffith (F.): Egypt Exploration Fund. Tanis, Part ii. 1888. Hallen (Rev. A.): ‘Glass-making in Sussex, etc.’ Scottish Antiquary, 1893. Hartshorne (Albert): Old English Glasses. 1897. Havard (H.): Les Arts de l’Ameublement. La Verrerie. Paris, 1894. Heraclius or Eraclius: De Artibus et Coloribus Romanorum. Eitelberger von Edelberg: Quellenschriften für Kunstgeschichte, vol. iv. Hirth (F.): Chinesische Studien; Zur Geschichte des Glases in China. Leipsic, 1890. And other papers. D’Holbach (Baron)?: Art de la Verrerie, de Neri, Merret et Kunckel. Paris, 1752. D’Hondt (P.): L’Art de la Verrerie. Liége, 1891. Houdoy (J.): Verrerie à la façon de Venise. Paris, 1873. Kunckel (J.): Ars Vitraria Experimentalis. 1679. Labarte (J.):— La Collection Debruge Duménil. Paris, 1847. Histoire des Arts Industriels, vol. iv. Paris, 1866. Lacroix (P.): Les Arts au Moyen Âge et à l’Époque de la Renaissance. Paris, 1869. Lane-Poole (S.):— The Art of the Saracens in Egypt. London, 1886. Arabic Glass Weights in British Museum. 1891. Layard (Sir A. H.): Nineveh and its Remains. 1853. Lazari (V.): Notizia delle Opere d’Arte della Raccolta Correr. Venice, 1859. Lobmeyr (L.): Die Glas-industrie. Stuttgart, 1874. Loysel (C.): Essai sur la Verrerie. Paris, 1800. (Written earlier.) xxiv xxv Mathesius: Sarepta oder Bergpostil (Sermon xv.). Nürnberg, 1562. Merret (C.): The Art of Glass of Neri translated into English. London, 1662. Milanesi (G.): Tre Trattatelli dell’ Arte del Vetro per Mosaici. (Fifteenth century MSS.) 1864. Minutoli (H. de): Ueber der Anfertigung der farbigen Gläser bei den Römern. Berlin, 1836. Molinier (E.): La Peinture sous Verre. Spitzer Catalogue, vol. iii. Naples: Description of Museo Borbonico. Glass, vols. v., xi., and xv. Neri (A.): L’Arte Vetraria. 1612. Nesbitt (A.):— Catalogue of Slade Collection of Glass. Privately printed, 1871. Catalogue of Glass Vessels in South Kensington Museum, 1878. Glass (South Kensington Art Handbooks), 1875. ‘Opus Sectile in Glass.’ Archæologia, vol. xlv. Encyclopædia Britannica, article ‘Glass.’ 1879. Owen (H.): Ceramic Art in Bristol (chapter on Bristol Glass). 1873. Passini (A.): Il Tesoro di San Marco. Venice, 1886. Peligot (M. E.): La Verre, Histoire et Fabrication. 1876. Pellat (Apsley):— Curiosities of Glass-making. London, 1849. Memoir on the Origin, etc., of Glass-making. London, 1821. Pelletier: Les Verriers du Lyonnais. 1887. Petrie (Flinders):— Burlington Fine Arts Club; Introduction to Catalogue of Egyptian Exhibition, 1895. Tell-el-Amarna. Egypt Exploration Fund. 1894. Pinchart (A.): Les Fabriques des Verres de Venise, d’Anvers et de Bruxelles au XVIe. et au XVIIe. siècles. Bulletins des Commissions Royales. Bruxelles, 1882. Plinius Secundus (Caius): Historia Naturalis, Bk. xxxvi. caps. 44-47. Porter (G. R.): ‘Glass and Porcelain.’ Lardner’s Cabinet Encyclopædia. London, 1832. Powell (H. J.):— Principles of Glass-making. London, 1883. Encyclopædia Britannica, article ‘Glass.’ 1902. Read (C. H.):— ‘Glass in South Saxon Graves.’ Archæologia, vol. lv. ‘On a Saracenic Goblet of Enamelled Glass.’ Archæologia, vol. lviii. Riaño (J. F.): Industrial Arts in Spain, Part ii. (South Kensington Handbooks). 1879. Santi (M.): Origini dell’ Arte Vetraria in Venezia e Murano. Sauzay (A.):— La Verrerie depuis les Temps les plus reculés. Paris, 1868. Sauzay (A.):— Marvels of Glass-making. (Translation of above.) London, 1870. Schebek (E.): Böhmens Glasindustrie und Glashandel. Prague, 1878. Schmoranz (G.): Old Oriental Gilt and Enamelled Vessels. German and English Editions. Vienna and London, 1899. Schuermans (H.): The Wanderings of the Muranese and Altarist Glass-workers. Eleven Letters. Bulletins des Commissions Royales. Bruxelles, 1883-1891. Spitzer Catalogue. See Garnier and Molinier. Theophilus: Diversarum Artium Schedula. Eitelberger von Edelberg. Quellenschriften für Kunstgeschichte, vol. viii. Vienna, 1874. Ure (A.): Dictionary of Arts, article ‘Glass.’ 1853. xxvi xxvii Vopel (H.): Die Altchristlichen Goldgläser. Freiberg, 1899. Zanetti (V.):— Monographia della Vetraria Veneziana. Venice, 1873. Museo Civico di Murano; Guida di Murano. Venice, 1866. KEY TO THE PRECEDING LIST Egyptian, etc. Griffith, Layard, Petrie. Greco-Roman and Roman. Deville, Froehner, Fowler, Minutoli, Naples Museum, Nesbitt, Pliny. Early Christian, Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon, etc. Brent, Dalton, Garrucci, Heraclius, Passini, Read, Theophilus, Vopel. Saracenic and Perso-Indian. Lane-Poole, Dobbs, Read, Schmoranz. Venetian (Murano and Altare). Biringuccio, Bontemps, Bordoni, Busselin, Cecchetti, Fioravanti, Garzoni, Houdoy, Labarte, Lazari, Neri, Pinchart, Santi, Schuermans, Zanetti. French and Spanish. Boutellier, Fillon, Fourcaud, Gamier, Gerspach, Pelletier, Riaño. German. Agricola, Brinckmann, Von Czihak, Friedrich, Kunckel, Lobmeyr, Mathesius, Schebek. English. Bate, Hallen, Hartshorne, Merret, Owen, Pellat. Chinese. Bapst, Bushell, Hirth. Technical. Appert, Blancourt, Bontemps, Bosc d’Antic, D’Holbach, Kunckel, Lobmeyr, Loysel, Merret, Neri, Peligot, Pellat, Porter, Powell, Ure. General and historical. Brinckmann, Franks, Garnier, Gerspach, Havard, Labarte, Lacroix, Nesbitt, Sauzay. GLASS xxviii 1