get through First FRCR: Questions for the Anatomy Module © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC P26799_01_GT First FRCR_159589-Prelim-ccp.indd 1 17/05/2011 08:56 © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC P26799_01_GT First FRCR_159589-Prelim-ccp.indd 2 17/05/2011 08:56 get through First FRCR: Questions for the Anatomy Module Dr Grant Mair – BSc (hons), MB ChB, MrCS Specialist trainee in radiology: the royal Infirmary of edinburgh, uK Previously, Anatomy Demonstrator: otago university, Dunedin, New Zealand Dr Andrew J Baird – MB ChB, MrCS Specialist trainee in radiology: the royal Infirmary of edinburgh, uK EDITED BY Dr Judith M Anderson – MB ChB, MrCP, MSc, FrCr Consultant radiologist: the royal Infirmary of edinburgh, uK Dr Gordon S Findlater – BSc (hons), PhD head of Anatomy: university of edinburgh, uK © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC P26799_01_GT First FRCR_159589-Prelim-ccp.indd 3 17/05/2011 08:56 CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20121026 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4441-4967-8 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Please visit our website: www.hodderarnold.com © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC P26799_01_GT First FRCR_159589-Prelim-ccp.indd 4 17/05/2011 08:56 CoNteNtS Preface vii Bibliography viii Abbreviations ix 1 HEAD AnD nECk Questions 1 Answers 41 2 THoRAx Questions 64 Answers 94 3 UppER LIMB Questions 116 Answers 136 4 ABDoMEn Questions 147 Answers 168 5 pELvIS Questions 183 Answers 202 6 LowER LIMB Questions 212 Answers 232 7 MoCk ExAM Questions 246 Answers 266 Index 276 v © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC P26799_01_GT First FRCR_159589-Prelim-ccp.indd 5 17/05/2011 08:56 This book is dedicated to Suzanne and Mairi, to thank them for their patience. © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC P26799_01_GT First FRCR_159589-Prelim-ccp.indd 6 17/05/2011 08:56 PreFACe Early in 2010 the Royal College of Radiologists re-introduced anatomy as a separate module in the First FRCR examination to be completed in conjunction with the revised physics module which was introduced the previous year. Anatomy is now examined in an electronic image viewing session. Candidates are required to answer a total of 100 questions based on the anatomy identifiable in a series of 20 different radiological images (5 questions per image) sourced from a variety of modalities: namely, radiography, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT and MRI (including multi-planar sections). Notably, endoscopic/body cavity ultrasound and nuclear medical images are excluded from this new anatomy syllabus. Further detailed information relating to the examination can be viewed on the Royal College website at www.rcr.ac.uk. We are both Specialty Trainees in Radiology on the South East Scotland training scheme. When compiling this book we have endeavoured to recreate the question format that candidates are likely to encounter in the anatomy module of the First FRCR examination. Answers and explanations are provided for each question, and while these are not exhaustive, it is hoped that they will clarify the salient anatomical points and form a basis for further reading if required. Unless otherwise stated, our explanations were written with reference to the anatomical textbooks listed in the bibliography. While attempting to cover the curriculum we have also concentrated on subject areas felt to be most important or relevant, in addition to including what could be termed ‘exam favourites’. Chapters are divided according to anatomical regions rather than body systems as this is more representative of the imaging that is encountered in everyday practice. As a result, some of the systems (e.g. vascular, neurological and spinal) are covered over two or more chapters. Dr Judith Anderson is Consultant Radiologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and an Educational Supervisor for the South East Scotland radiology training scheme. Dr Gordon Findlater is Head of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Edinburgh. Both have maintained great enthusiasm for this project in spite of the frequent challenges, problems and deadlines presented to them by the authors. Their guidance and assistance have been essential to the creation of this book and we are indebted to them both. Finally, we wish you every success in the exam! Grant Mair Andrew Baird Edinburgh vii © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC P26799_01_GT First FRCR_159589-Prelim-ccp.indd 7 17/05/2011 08:56 BIBlIogrAPhy Abrahams PH, Hutchings RT and Marks SC. McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, 4th Ed. London: Mosby, 1998 Alty J, Hoey E, Wolstenhulme S and Weston M. Practical Ultrasound: an Illustrated Guide. London: RSM Press, 2006 Butler P, Mitchell A and Ellis H. Applied Radiological Anatomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007 Hansen JT. Netter’s Anatomy Flash Cards, 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2007 Marieb EN and Hoehn KH. Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th Ed. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 2007 Moore KL and Agur AMR. Essential Clinical Anatomy. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996 Raby N, Berman L and de Lacey G. Accident and Emergency Radiology: A Survival Guide. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2003 Ryan S, McNicholas M and Eustace S. Anatomy for Diagnostic Imaging, 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2004 Sinnatamby CS. Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied, 10th Ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Harcourt, 2001 Standring S. Gray’s Anatomy, The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, Expert Consult – Online and Print, 40th Ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2008 Weir J, Abrahams PH, Spratt JD and Salkowski LR. Imaging Atlas of Human Anatomy, 4th Ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2010 Weissleder R, Wittenberg J, Harisinghani MG and Chen JW. Primer of Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2007 viii © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC P26799_01_GT First FRCR_159589-Prelim-ccp.indd 8 17/05/2011 08:56