GEOTECHNICALENGINEERINGFORTHEPRESERVATIONOFMONUMENTS ANDHISTORICSITESIII INVITEDPAPERS Thisbookcontainstheinvitedlecturespresentedatthe3rdInternationalSymposiumonGeotechni- calEngineeringforthePreservationofMonumentsandHistoricSites(ISNAPOLI2022,Naples, Italy, 22-24 June 2022). It collects the opening address, the third Kerisel Lecture, four keynote lecturesandelevenpanellectures,andprovidesabroadimpressionofthecurrentstateofknowl- edgeandthetechniquesusedworldwideforthepreservationofbuiltheritage.Whenconfronted withstructuresrelevanttolocalandglobalhistory,thereisonlyonewaytoselectthebestpossible conservationsolution: themultidisciplinaryapproach.Therefore, theinvitedspeakershavebeen selected with different pertinent skills, to represent this complexity from the points of view of geotechnicalengineers,structuralengineers,architectsandconservationexperts. Thebookwillbeusefultoresearchers,practitioners,administrationsandallthoseworkingor interestedinthepreservationofbuiltheritage. PROCEEDINGSOFTHETHIRDINTERNATIONALISSMGETC301 SYMPOSIUM,NAPOLI,ITALY,22–24JUNE2022 Geotechnical Engineering for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites III Invited Papers Editedby Renato Lancellotta DepartmentofStructural,GeotechnicalandBuildingEngineering PolitecnicodiTorino Turin,Italy CarloViggiani,Alessandro Flora, Filomena de Silva & Lucia Mele DepartmentofCivil,ArchitecturalandEnvironmentalEngineering UniversityofNaplesFedericoII Naples,Italy CRCPress/BalkemaisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2023selectionandeditorialmatter,RenatoLancellotta,CarloViggiani,AlessandroFlora,Filomena deSilva&LuciaMele;individualchapters,thecontributors TypesetinTimesNewRomanbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India Therightof,RenatoLancellotta,CarloViggiani,AlessandroFlora,FilomenadeSilva&LuciaMeleto beidentifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorialmaterial,andoftheauthorsfortheirindividualchapters,has beenassertedinaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedinanyformorby anyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopying andrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthe publishers. Althoughallcareistakentoensureintegrityandthequalityofthispublicationandtheinformation herein,noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublishersnortheauthorforanydamagetotheproperty orpersonsasaresultofoperationoruseofthispublicationand/ortheinformationcontainedherein. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Acatalogrecordhasbeenrequestedforthisbook Firstpublished2022 Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema Schipholweg107C,2316XCLeiden,TheNetherlands e-mail:[email protected] www.routledge.com–www.taylorandfrancis.com ISBN:978-1-032-35998-4(Hbk) ISBN:978-1-032-35999-1(Pbk) ISBN:978-1-003-32975-6(ebk) DOI:10.1201/9781003329756 GeotechnicalEngineeringforthePreservationofMonumentsand HistoricSitesIII–Lancellotta,Viggiani,Flora,deSilva&Mele(Eds) ©2022CopyrighttheEditor(s),ISBN978-1-032-35998-4 Table of contents Preface vii SymposiumOrganizers ix Committees xi Sponsors xiii OpeningAddress Welcomeaddress 3 C.Viggiani KeriselLecture Takingcareofheritage,achallengeforgeotechnicalengineers 19 A.Flora KeynoteLectures ThehistoricalunderpinningofWinchesterCathedral–Heroicorhorrific? 57 J.B.Burland,J.Standing&J.Yu Rethinkingpreventiveconservation:Recentexamples 70 P.B.Lourenco,A.Barontini,D.V.Oliveira&J.Ortega ProtectingtheSagradaFamiliatemplefromrailwaytunnelconstruction 87 E.E.Alonso&A.Ledesma TunnellingundertheSanFranciscochurchinGuadalajara,Mexico 116 E.Ovando-Shelley,E.Botero&M.A.Díaz PanelLectures Undertheskin 137 P.Smars Formandconstruction.ThedomesoftheBaptisteryandSantaMariadelFioreinFlorence 155 P.Matracchi UnderstandingthemechanicalhistoryoftheburialmonumentoftheKastatumulusat Amphipolis,Greece:Atoolfordocumentationanddesignofrestorationstrategy 171 D.Egglezos Structuralhealthmonitoringofhistoricmasonrytowers:TheCaseofthe GhirlandinaTower,Modena 191 D.Sabia,G.V.Demarie&A.Quattrone Shaketabletestingofpillaredhistoricalstoneconstructions(mandapam)ofSouthIndia 202 A.Menon,T.Bhowmik,S.Samson&J.George Siteeffectsandinterventioncriteriaforseismicriskmitigationintheancientcityof Pompeii:ThecaseoftheInsuladeiCastiAmanti 214 L.deSanctis,M.Iovino,R.M.S.Maiorano&S.Aversa v Longtermstrategiesformonumentscare:Theimportanceofmonitoringandofa properdiagnosis 234 G.Russo TheGrandCanalatVersailles:Geotechnicalinvestigation,II 254 J.D.Vernhes,P.Saulet&A.Heitzmann Geotechnicalstudiestooptimizetheprotectionmeasuresagainstfloodingof St.Marksquare(Venice,IT) 269 P.Simonini&F.Ceccato ObservedinteractionbetweenLineCofRomaundergroundandtheCloacaMaxima 280 G.M.B.Viggiani,N.Losacco,E.Romani&A.Sonnessa SafeguardingoftheAurelianWallsatPortaAsinariafromconventionaltunnelling 292 S.Rampello&L.Masini Authorindex 311 vi GeotechnicalEngineeringforthePreservationofMonumentsand HistoricSitesIII–Lancellotta,Viggiani,Flora,deSilva&Mele(Eds) ©2022CopyrighttheEditor(s),ISBN978-1-032-35998-4 Preface TheInternationalSymposiumonthePreservationofMonumentsandHistoricSitesof22–24June 2022inNapoli(ISNAPOLI2022)isthethirdofaseries,thefirstonehavingbeenheldin1996 andthesecondin2013. DrawingfromthePrefaceofthelatter,weunderlinethat‘TC301isintendedtoprovideaforum for interchanges of ideas and discussion, to collect case histories and to promote and diffuse the culture of conservation within the geotechnical community. More specifically, it focuses on geotechnicalfactorsaffectinghistoricsites,monuments,cities.TC301searchesfordesigncriteria andconstructionmethodsofourancestorsandreportsonspecifictechniquesadoptedtopreserve ancientsitesandconstructions’. TC301iscurrentlysupportedbyAGI,theItalianmembersocietyofISSMGE,thatalsoorga- nizedthisSymposiumincooperationwiththeUniversityofNapoliFedericoII,andistherefore acknowledged.SpecialthanksareextendedtotheAGISecretary,Mrs.SusannaAntonielli,forher continuousandpatientassistance.WewouldalsoliketoexpressourappreciationtotheSponsors thathelpedusinmakingthisconferencesustainable. ButthetruesuccessofaSymposiumisdeterminedbythequalityofthescientificcontributions. Afteraprocessofpeerreviewing,80papershavebeenacceptedtobepresentedtotheSymposium, writtenbymorethan250authorscomingfromallovertheworld.Inaddition,anopeningaddress, thethirdKeriselLecture,fourkeynotelecturesandelevenpanellectureswillbepresentedatthe Conference.Thisprintedvolumecollectstheseventeeninvitedpapers.Allthepapers–including the invited ones - are freely available in open access on the publisher website. The authors are thereforedeeplyacknowledgedforhavingsharedtheirexperience,ideas,proposals,totryandset forth a reference picture of the current state of practice in the engineering approach to heritage preservation.WeareconfidentthatthediscussionattheSymposiumwillbefruitfulandstimulating andwillcontributetotheadvancementofthediscipline. TheNobelprizepoetessWyslavaSyimborska,lookingattheMilkmaid,thefamouspaintingby Vermeer,wrote:‘SolongasthatwomanfromtheRijksmuseum,inpaintedquietandconcentration, keepspouringmilkdayafterdayfromthepitchertothebowl,theWorldhasn’tearnedtheworld’s end’. In a period of serious difficulties for people everywhere in the world, due to the Covid pandemicandtothefiresofwar,webelievethatitisveryimportantthattherearepeoplewhodo careaboutourpastanditspreservation. RenatoLancellotta CarloViggiani AlessandroFlora FilomenadeSilva LuciaMele vii GeotechnicalEngineeringforthePreservationofMonumentsand HistoricSitesIII–Lancellotta,Viggiani,Flora,deSilva&Mele(Eds) ©2022CopyrighttheEditor(s),ISBN978-1-032-35998-4 Symposium Organizers UndertheauspicesofISSMGETC301“HistoricSites” ix