Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography SeriesEditors:William Cartwright,GeorgGartner,LiqiuMeng, MichaelP.Peterson Antoni Moore, Igor Drecki (Editors) Geospatial Vision New Dimensions in Cartography Selected Papers from the 4th National Cartographic Conference GeoCart’2008 New Zealand 123 Editors DrAntoniMoore IgorDrecki SchoolofSurveying SchoolofGeography,Geology UniversityofOtago &EnvironmentalScience POBox56 TheUniversityofAuckland Dunedin PrivateBag92019 NewZealand Auckland [email protected] NewZealand [email protected] ISBN:978-3-540-70967-1 e-ISBN:978-3-540-70970-1 LectureNotesinGeoinformationandCartographyISSN:1863-2246 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008932841 (cid:2)c 2008Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsare liabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. 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CoverimagesbyTomaz˘PodobnikarandJu¨rgenDo¨llner Coverdesign:deblik,Berlin Printedonacid-freepaper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Table of Contents About the Authors VII Introduction XV Preface XVII Paper Committee XXI Representation 1 Facilitating the Handling of Interactive Atlases by Dynamic 1 Grouping of Functions – The Example of ‘Smart Legend’ Juliane Cron, Samuel Wiesmann and Lorenz Hurni 2 A User-defined Virtual Reality Chart for Track Control 19 Navigation and Hydrographic Data Acquisition Andrew Ternes, Peter Knight, Antoni Moore and Holger Regenbrecht 3 Mechanisms on Graphical Core Variables in the Design 45 of Cartographic 3D City Presentations Markus Jobst, Jan Eric Kyprianidis and Jürgen Döllner Egocentric Cartography 4 An Egocentric Urban Viewshed: A Method for Landmark 61 Visibility Mapping for Pedestrian Location Based Services Phil Bartie, Steven Mills and Simon Kingham 5 A Multi-scale Dynamic Map Using Cartograms to Reflect 87 User Focus Grant Carroll and Antoni Moore VI Contents Geovisual Exploration of Uncertainty and Terrain 6 Exploring Tessellation Metaphors in the Display of Geographical 113 Uncertainty Julian Kardos, Antoni Moore and George Benwell 7 Simulation and Representation of the Positional Errors of 141 Boundary and Interior Regions in Maps Tomaž Podobnikar 8 Global Morphometric Maps of Mars, Venus, and the Moon 171 Igor V Florinsky Web Mapping 9 Scalability of Techniques for Online Geographic Visualisation 193 of Web Site Hits Nigel Stanger Afterword Developing Concepts for an Affective Atlas 219 William Cartwright, Adrian Miles, Brian Morris, Laurene Vaughan and Jeremy Yuille About the Authors Phil Bartie is a PhD candidate at the Geospatial Research Centre, Univer- sity of Canterbury, NZ. Previously he has worked in government and commercial sectors designing and implementing GIS solutions. He holds a BSc(Hons) in Human and Physical Geography, and MSc in GIS. His re- search interests are in location based services, interface design, and visibil- ity analysis. Contact: [email protected] George Benwell is Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Commerce) and Dean of the Business School at the University of Otago, NZ. After working as a sur- veyor, consultant and University of Melbourne academic, he joined Otago’s Information Science Department as a senior lecturer in 1990. He led the Department from 2001-2006 before becoming Dean in 2007. His research and teaching are mainly focused on spatial information processing and analysis, and land and health-related information systems. He cur- rently holds a Bachelor of Surveying from the University of Melbourne, an MPhil from City University, London and a PhD from Melbourne. Contact: [email protected] Grant Carroll graduated from the University of Otago (NZ) in 2006 with a BAppSc in Geographic Information Systems and Software Engineering. He has been working at Marlborough District Council (NZ) as their GIS Technician / Developer since mid 2007. He also does contract work for a property firm specialising in Treaty Settlements. His research interests in- clude the tessellation of space in 2D / 3D and network / route mapping. He is actively working to leverage the most out of the council technology to make it easier and more accessible for all users. Contact: [email protected] VIII About the Authors William Cartwright is President of the International Cartographic Asso- ciation. He is Professor of Cartography and Geographical Visualization in the School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences at RMIT University, Australia. He holds a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Mel- bourne and a Doctor of Education from RMIT University. He has six other university qualifications - in the fields of cartography, applied sci- ence, education, media studies, information and communication technol- ogy and graphic design. He joined the University after spending a number of years in both the government and private sectors of the mapping indus- try. His major research interest is the application of integrated media to cartography and the exploration of different metaphorical approaches to the depiction of geographical information. Contact: [email protected] Juliane Cron studied cartography at the HTW Dresden and finished her studies in 2006 with a diploma thesis about “Graphical User Interfaces of Interactive Atlases”. Since November 2006 she works at the Institute of Cartography at the ETH Zurich in the project “Swiss World Atlas interac- tive” and is responsible for the editorial concept, i.e. usability, design and implementation of the GUI. Contact: [email protected] Jürgen Döllner is a Professor at the Hasso-Plattner-Institut of the University of Potsdam, directs the computer graphics and visualisation division. He has studied mathematics and computer science and received a Ph.D. in computer science. He researches and teaches in real-time computer graphics, spatial visualisation, software visualisation, and spatial data infrastructures.. Contact: [email protected] Igor Drecki is currently a manager of the Geo-graphics Unit at the School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. His previous professional experience included private, government and academic environments where he worked as a cartographer. Igor’s research interests focus on geographical information uncertainty representation, and also include cartographic design and educa- tion. He is currently the Editor of ICA News, the newsletter of the Interna- tional Cartographic Association, and Vice President of the New Zealand Cartographic Society. Contact: [email protected] About the Authors IX Igor Florinsky is a Senior Research Scientist at the Institute of Mathe- matical Problems of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, where he has been since 1993. He completed his PhD in that year at the Moscow Insti- tute of Engineers for Geodesy, Aerophotography, and Cartography (MII- GAiK). His research interests include: development of algorithms, meth- ods, and software for digital terrain modelling; multi-scale studies of soil and landscape processes; problems of structural geology; interaction be- tween environment and human activities (using methods of digital terrain modelling, GIS, and spatial statistics); study of the temporal domain in soil, geophysical, and biological processes by singular spectrum analysis; and influence of the geological environment on human health and behav- iour. In 1998-2004, he worked at the Manitoba Land Resource Unit, Agri- culture and Agri-Food Canada, and Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. Contact: [email protected] Lorenz Hurni is Professor of Cartography and director of the Institute of Cartography at the ETH Zurich since November 1996. Under his lead, the multimedia “Atlas of Switzerland” as well as a new interactive version of the “Swiss World Atlas”, the official Swiss school atlas, are being devel- oped. The emphasis of his research lies in cartographic data models and tools for the production of printed and multimedia maps. Another focus of research covers interactive, multidimensional multimedia map representa- tions. The new possibilities are being explored in international, interdisci- plinary projects and being imparted to a broad audience in lectures and courses for students and practitioners. Contact: [email protected] Markus Jobst is a Post Doctoral research grant fellow at the Hasso-Plattner- Institut, University of Potsdam. Besides his commercial multimedia- cartographic activities and the coordination of the scientific projects for photogrammetric documentation and cartographic heritage, Markus has substantial knowledge of digital photography, reproduction and multimedia dissemination processes. His main foci in scientific work are in communi- cation of spatial related data, multimedia 3D cartography, digital carto- graphic presentation methods including crossmedia publishing and the c reation of management tools with the help of digital cartography. Contact: [email protected] X About the Authors Julian Kardos completed his PhD on the visualisation of uncertainty in Geographic Information Systems in 2005. Since completing his PhD, Julian has been active in GIS research and publications. Julian continues his involvement in the GIS community undertaking work with Intergraph Corporation, a GIS solution provider, as a Business Development Manager and Consultant. Julian has extended his focus beyond the visualization of uncertainty into collaboration and spatial data infrastructures. Contact: [email protected] Simon Kingham is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geogra- phy, at the University of Canterbury (Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha). He came to the University of Canterbury in 2000 having completed his PhD at Lancaster University and having worked at the Universities of Newcastle, Huddersfield and Hertfordshire in the UK. His research focuses on urban issues including transport and accessibility usually with a GIS framework. Contact: [email protected] Peter Knight is a lecturer in Hydrographic Surveying at the School of Surveying, University of Otago, New Zealand. His research interests in- clude Common Pool Resource Management and he has been studying the social, commercial and spatial aspects of the Bluff oyster fishing commu- nity in southern NZ. Peter graduated in 1980 with a Diploma in Hydro- graphic Surveying from Humber College in Toronto. This start in survey- ing enabled him to begin a 10 year university career that produced a BA (Guelph 1987); BSc (Surveying-Toronto 1990); and an MASc (Civil Engi- neering-Toronto 1994). Peter’s career as a Hydrographer continued with his appointment as a multi-disciplinary hydrographer with the Canadian Hydrographic Service (1993), a position he held until coming to Otago. He came to New Zealand from Canada in 1997. Contact: [email protected] Jan Eric Kyprianidis is a Ph.D. student at the Hasso-Plattner-Insitut of the University of Potsdam. His research interests include non- photorealistic rendering and digital image processing. He received a diploma in mathematics from the University of Hamburg, Germany. Before joining HPI, he worked as a senior software engineer at Adobe Systems. Contact: [email protected]