Transport Engineering W Geometric o Geometric design covers the design of the visible elements of the road— l h its horizontal and vertical alignments, the cross-section, intersections and u t interchanges. Good practice allows the smooth and safe flow of traffic as e Design of Roads r well as easy maintenance. Geometric design is covered in depth. The book also addresses the underpinning disciplines of statistics, traffic flow theory, economic and utility analysis, systems analysis, hydraulics and drainage, Handbook capacity analysis, coordinate calculation, environmental issues and public transport. o G f A key principle is that we need to recognise what the driver wishes to do rather than what the vehicle can do. The book takes a human factors approach to e R design, drawing on the concept of the ‘self-explaining road’. It also emphasises o the need for consistency of design and shows how this can be quantified, and o m sets out the issues of the design domain context, the extended design domain a concept and the design exception. The book is not simply an engineering d manual, but properly explores context-sensitive design. e s t Changes in geometric design over the last few years have been dramatic and r far-reaching and this is the first book to draw these together into a practical Hi c guide which presents a proper and overriding philosophy of design for road a and highway designers and students. D n Keith Wolhuter is a Fellow of the South African Institution of Civil Engineers de and has fifty years of experience in the field, producing national guidelines on bs geometric design, notably in Southern Africa. i o g o n k Keith M. Wolhuter Cover image by Rodney Burrell Y135499 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 ISBN: 978-0-415-52172-7 711 Third Avenue 90000 an informa business New York, NY 10017 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK 9 780415 521727 w w w.sponpre ss.com A SPON PRESS BOOK Y135499 cvr mech.indd 1 3/10/15 12:20 PM Geometric Design of Roads Handbook Geometric Design of Roads Handbook Keith M. Wolhuter Consultant Engineer, South Africa A SPON PRESS BOOK CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Keith M. Wolhuter CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150303 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-8872-8 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Writing a book is an extremely demanding and selfish task. This book is dedicated to my wife, Helen, who spent many weeks, months and years alone while I was in my study writing it. And also to Dr. Graham LD Ross, who showed me that geometric design is a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle and is as much art as it is science. Contents List of figures ix List of tables xvii Foreword xxi Author xxiii Glossary xxv Part I Geometric design 1 1 What a geometric designer needs to know 3 2 Policy 17 3 Road classification 27 4 Fundamental design considerations 35 5 Design control 59 6 Horizontal alignment 91 7 Vertical alignment 119 8 Cross-section design 141 9 Aesthetics 177 10 Intersections 191 11 Freeways and interchange design 245 vii viii Contents 12 Low-volume roads 293 13 Road safety 319 14 Vulnerable road users 351 15 Public transport 371 Part II Supporting disciplines 385 16 Project analysis 387 17 Statistics 405 18 Traffic flow theory 435 19 Capacity analysis: Interrupted flow 461 20 Capacity analysis: Uninterrupted flow 475 21 Transportation planning 497 22 Coordinate calculation 511 23 Environmental issues 529 24 Storm water design 541 References 561