1557 OoCU^f Gb-96 i c. 3 AA U11 G ^2^ 9 rWsiqjji w GEOLOGY OF THE EDDYVILLE, STONEFORT, AND CREAL SPRINGS QUADRANGLES, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS Department of Energy and Natural Resources ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 96 1991 GEOLOGY OF THE EDDYVILLE, STONEFORT, AND CREAL SPRINGS QUADRANGLES, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS W. John Nelson, Joseph A. Devera, Russell J. Jacobson, Donald K. Lumm, Russel A. Peppers, Brian Itask, C. Pius Weibel, Leon R. Fbllmer, and Matthew H. Riggs Illinois State Geological Survey Steven P. Esling, Elizabeth D. Henderson, and Mary S. Lannon Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL BULLETIN 96 1991 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Morris W. Leighton, Chief 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign https://archive.org/details/geologyofeddyvilOOunse T 551 c 3 CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 3 Location and Climate 3 Topography 3 Geologic Setting 3 Previous Studies 4 Method of Study 6 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE BEDROCK 7 Cambrian Through Devonian Systems 7 Mississippian System 7 Clore Formation 7 Degonia Formation 10 Kinkaid Limestone 13 Chesterian Undifferentiated 15 Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Contact 15 Pennsylvanian System 15 Caseyville Formation 16 Abbott Formation 22 Spoon Formation 33 Carbondale Formation 41 SURFICIAL GEOLOGY 45 Physiography 45 Methodology 45 Field Methods 45 Laboratory Methods 45 Construction of Stack-Unit Map 46 Stratigraphy 46 Lithostratigraphic Units: Upland Formations 47 Lithographic Units: Valley Formations 53 Pedostratigraphic Units 57 Resources 58 Land Use 58 Appendix A 59 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DEPOSITS 61 Structural Features 61 Shawneetown Fault Zone 61 Lusk Creek Fault Zone 61 McCormick Anticline 64 New Burnside Anticline 66 Battle Ford Syncline 69 Bay Creek Syncline 70 Geophysical Expression of Anticlines 70 Origin of McCormick and New Burnside Anticlines 73 Time of Deformation of Anticlines 74 Little Cache Fault Zone 75 Other Structures 76 Mineral Deposits 76 Coal 76 Oil and Gas 78 Fluorspar and Related Minerals 78 Stone, Sand, and Gravel 79 REFERENCES 81 iii Figures 1 Location map 2 2 Regional geologic setting of study area 4 3 Sketch of north-south profile through Eddyville Quadrangle 7 4 Graphic column of Chesterian Series in study area 9 5 Graphiclogof Alcoa test hole, Eddyville Quadrangle 11 6 Generalized stratigraphic column of bedrock units exposed in study area 13 7 Formational nomenclature of the Pennsylvanian System in the Illinois Basin 16 8 Typical bluff exposure of Battery Rock Sandstone 17 9 Measured sections of Caseyville Formation 19 10 Type section of Abbott Formation, Stonefort Quadrangle 23 11 Generalized stratigraphic cross section of Abbott Formation, Eddyville and Creal Springs Quadrangles 24 12 Composite section of basal Abbott shale and sandstone sequence, Eddyville Quadrangle 26 13 Typical planar-bedded sandstone of the lower Abbott Formation, Eddyville Quadrangle 28 14 Lateral facies change in middle and lower part of Abbott Formation in Dixon Springs Graben 29 15 Trace fossil Conostichus in middle Abbott Formation, Creal Springs Quadrangle 30 16 Murray Bluff Sandstone at its maximum development, Eddy¬ ville Quadrangle 32 17 Liesegang banding in Murray Bluff Sandstone 33 18 Railroad cut showing upward lithologic changes in basal Spoon Formation 34 19 Profile of railroad cut south of Oldtown, showing New Burn¬ side Anticline 35 20 Sketch of surface mine high wall, showing New Burnside Coal, Creal Springs Quadrangle 37 21 Strata exposed on high wall of Western Mining Company surface mine, Stonefort Quadrangle 39 22 Section in abandoned railroad cut at type locality of Carrier Mills Shale Member, Spoon Formation 40 23 Carrier Mills Shale Member at type locality shown in figure 22 41 24 Composite section of strata exposed in and near Brown Brothers Excavating Company mines 42 25 Stratigraphic classification of Quaternary deposits in study area 47 26 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring ED8, and general locations of borings mentioned in chapter 47 27 Cross section showing distribution of Quaternary units in the Sugar Creek valley 48 28 Cross section showing distribution of Quaternary units in the Pond Creek valley 49 29 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring CS20 51 30 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring SF3 51 31 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring CS25 52 32 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring CS27 52 33 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring CS24 55 34 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring SF14 56 35 Vertical distribution of clay minerals and particle sizes in boring SF26 56 36 Cross section showing distribution of Quaternary units in Little Saline River valley 57 IV Figures 37 Structural features of study area 60 38 Profile of Lusk Creek Fault Zone, Section 31, T1 IS, R6E 62 39 Profile of Lusk Creek Fault Zone, SW, Section 35, TilS, R6E 62 40 Profile of Lusk Creek Fault Zone southwest of Lost 40 Mine 62 41 Interpreted history of Lusk Creek Fault Zone 63 42 Cross section of McCormick structure and Winkleman Fault 65 43 Cross section through fault on McCormick Anticline 65 44 Sketch of field relationships, Eddyville Quadrangle 66 45 Cross-section sketch of field relationships west of McCormick 66 46 Rose diagrams of joint orientations along and south of McCormick Anticline 67 47 Profile of New Burnside structure on west side of Blackman Creek, Eddyville Quadrangle 67 48 Profile of New Burnside structure where it crosses Battle Ford Creek, Eddyville Quadrangle 68 49 Profile of hillside east of ravine in Eddyville Quadrangle 68 50 Fault surface exposed by mining in Brown Brothers Excavating No. 2 Mine north of Eddyville Quadrangle 69 51 Trace-slip fault in Stonefort Quadrangle 69 52 Rose diagrams of joint orientations on and near New Burnside Anticline, Eddyville Quadrangle 70 53 Residual vertical magnetic intensity in and adjacent to study area 71 54 Cross section in western Maryland and West Virginia 72 55 Profile in Ruhr coal basin. West Germany, showing deformation of Upper Carboniferous strata 72 56 Example of foreland detachment structure in Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma 74 57 Hypothetical origin of McCormick and New Burnside Anti¬ clines and associated faults 75 58 Sketch of east side of railroad cut south of tunnel portal, Stonefort Quadrangle, showing north-dipping thrust faults 76 Tables 1 COGEOMAP cored test holes in study area 5 2 Thickness of strata in selected deep wells in and near study area 8 3 Oil test holes in study area 10 4 Thickness of Caseyville Formation in study area 17 5 Analytical data on coal in study area 36 6 Relation between modern soil series and map units of this study 46 7 Locations of borings 50 Plate 1 Stratigraphic columns of cored test holes and measured sections in and near Eddyville, Stonefort, and Creal Spring Quadrangles v ABSTRACT The Eddyville, Stonefort, and Creal The overlying Abbott Formation, Cahokia Alluvium occupies stream Springs 7.5-Minute Quadrangles of late Morrowan and Atokan age, valleys throughout the region. are in southern Saline and William¬ thickens eastward from 220 to 400 Structurally, the region lies on the son and northern Johnson and Pope feet across the study area. The Abbott southern margin of the Illinois Basin; Counties, Illinois. Most of the study consists of numerous sandstone bedrock strata dip regionally north¬ area is within the Shawnee Hills bodies, more lenticular than those of ward. Folds and faults in the report section of the Interior Low Plateaus the Caseyville, interbedded, and area represent three major episodes physiographic province; the north¬ intertonguing with gray to black of deformation. The first was normal ern edge is in the Central Lowlands shale, siltstone, and local coal. faulting related to rifting that oc¬ province. Sedimentary rocks of Abbott sandstones are mineralogi- curred near the end of Precambrian Mississippian and Pennsylvanian cally less mature than Caseyville time along the Shawneetown and age crop out in the Shawnee Hills, sandstones and generally lack quartz Lusk Creek Fault Zones at the south¬ and Pleistocene glacial deposits cover pebbles. The proportion of sand¬ eastern corner of the map area. The Pennsylvanian bedrock in the Cen¬ stone in the Abbott increases east¬ second was Permian (?) compression, tral Lowlands. ward. Shale and siltstone in the which induced high-angle reverse Exposed Mississippian rocks are Abbott locally contain abundant trace faulting in the Lusk Creek Fault Zone assigned to the Clore and Degonia fossils, some indicating marine and detached thrusting and folding Formations and the Kinkaid Lime¬ sedimentation; some marine body in the McCormick and New Burnside stone, all of upper Chesterian age. fossils have also been found. The Anticlines. The third event was The Clore contains 95 to 155 feet of Abbott is interpreted as consisting Triassic or Jurassic (?) extension, shale, sandstone, and limestone, of mostly of subaqueous deposits of a during which earlier formed reverse which the upper 30 feet is exposed. series of deltas that prograded west¬ faults underwent normal movement The Degonia consists of 20 to 64 feet ward and south westward. and many new normal faults were of shale, siltstone, and very fine¬ The lower Desmoinesian Spoon formed. The McCormick Anticline grained sandstone. The Kinkaid, 85 Formation thickens eastward from may have begun to rise during to 230 feet thick, consists of lime¬ 200 to 300 feet. In comparison with Morrowan and Atokan sedimenta¬ stone, shale, claystone, and sand¬ the Abbott, the Spoon contains less tion; evidence for the uplift includes stone. A prominent unconformity sandstone, more shale, and thicker paleoslumps, local unconformities, separates the Kinkaid from Pennsyl¬ and more widespread coal and and facies patterns that appear to vanian strata. limestone beds. The Spoon repre¬ follow the anticline. The oldest Pennsylvanian forma¬ sents deltaic and shallow-marine Coal has been extracted in the tion is the Caseyville Formation, of sedimentation in an increasingly study area from surface mines and Morrowan age. About 200 to 450 feet stable regime. from small drift and slope mines. thick, the Caseyville consists primar¬ The Carbondale Formation, ex¬ Coals of the lower Abbott and Spoon ily of quartz-arenitic sandstone. Four posed in a small part of the Eddyville Formations, particularly the Del- members are recognized: the Way- Quadrangle, is the youngest bedrock wood and Mt. Rorah Coals, offer side (oldest). Battery Rock Sand¬ in the study area. The Carbondale prospects to small operators; how¬ stone, Drury, and Pounds Sand¬ contains regionally continuous, thick ever, careful exploratory drilling stone. The Battery Rock and the coal and black fissile shale, and must be done because of the variable Pounds are thick (30 to 120 ft), displays pronounced cyclicity. thickness and quality of the coals and cliff-forming, widely traceable, The Glasford Formation, an II- their limited continuity. Twenty-nine thick-bedded sandstones that com¬ linoian glacial till, covers the north¬ petroleum test holes have been monly contain quartz granules and western Creal Springs Quadrangle. drilled in the study area; all were dry pebbles. The poorly exposed Way- Adjacent valleys contain Illinoian and were abandoned. Chesterian tar¬ side Member is composed of gray to ice-margin deposits, which we have gets on major anticlines have been black, silty shale and siltstone, very correlated with the Teneriffe Silt. tested; deeper possibilities are fine-grained, thin-bedded sand¬ Sediments of Wisconsinan slackwa- speculative. Fluorspar has been stone, and lenses of thick-bedded ter lakes in the northern part of the mined from veins along the Lusk sandstone. The Drury Member is study area are termed Equality Creek Fault Zone, and reserves similar but contains thin, discontinu¬ Formation. Uplands throughout the probably exist at depth there. Lime¬ ous coal beds. The Caseyville repre¬ area are mantled with residuum (Oak stone, sand, and gravel can be quar¬ sents a variety of depositional envi¬ formation), colluvium (Peyton For¬ ried, but poor access and distance to ronments, ranging from estuary or mation), and loesses: the Loveland market limit the potential for de¬ embayment (shale with goniatites) to (Illinoian), Roxana (Altonian), and velopment. swamp (coal and rooted claystone), Peoria (Woodfordian). The Holocene in an overall deltaic setting. 1 E E o -L- o s. s e r g o r p n i r o d e t e l p m o c s p a m c gi o ol e g f o s r o h t u a g n i t a c i d n i p, a m n o ati c o L 1 e r u g i F 2