The Geological Society of America Bulletin Subject Index to Volume 111, No. 1-12, 1999 Abean Orogeny see Hercynian Orogeny allostratigraphy Appalachian Plateau absolute age see also Ar/Ar; C-14; charcoal; Nevada, neotectonics 6: 791-807 structural geology 2: 219-239 K/Ar; Pb/Pb; Sm/Nd; U/Pb alluvial deposits see alluvium Appalachian structure see Appalachian Phase Ethiopia, stratigraphy 6: 869-885 alluvial fans Appalachians South Dakota, tectonophysics 9: 1335-1349 California, Quaternary 6: 906-918 economic geology 12: 1884-1896 abyssal fans see submarine fans India, sedimentary petrology 9: 1315-1334 geochemistry, Valley and abyssolith see batholiths Nepal, sedimentary petrology 9: 1315-1334 Ridge Province 12: 1841-1860 accommodation zones Utah, sedimentary petrology 9: 1315-1334 structural geology 12: 1808-1822 China, structural geology 5: 725-742 Wyoming, sedimentary petro- Appalachian Plateau 2: 219-239 Nevada, neotectonics : 886-905 logy 9: 1315-1334 aquifers see recharge Utah, structural geology : 808-822 alluvium Ar/Ar accretionary wedges California, Quaternary 6: 906-918 Antarctica, Quaternary 10: 1563-1580 California, petrology 10: 1448-1467 Nevada, neotectonics 6: 791-807 California, crust 8: 1217-1232 accumulation, petroleum see petroleum accumu- Utah, geomorphology 12: 1757-1772 Chile, neotectonics 9: 1387-1404 lation Alpes-de-Haute Provence France China, tectonophysics 11: 1644-1664 actinolite structural geology 11: 1617-1643 Himalayas, structural geology 3: 364-374 Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 Alps Nevada, structural analysis 1: 11-27 action, frost see frost action structural geology 11: 1617-1643 Spain, stratigraphy 8: 1155-1174 active faults Ammonoidea Turkey, geochemistry 8: 1192-1216 Argentina, Quaternary Alaska, stratigraphy 10: 1537-1549 Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 California England, stratigraphy 12: 1823-1840 Arabian Peninsula see Oman; United Arab Quaternary amphibole group see also clinoamphibole Emirates stratigraphy Pacific Ocean, metamorphism 9: 1294-1314 Arabian Plate Nevada amphibolite facies Oman, tectonics 1: 104-122 Quaternary Malawi, structural geology : 123-142 United Arab Emirates, tectonics 1: 104-122 New Zealand Nevada, structural geology 1: 39-5] Aral Sea active tectonics see neotectonics Oman, tectonics : 104-122 stratigraphy 1: 1-10 actual age (absolute age) see absolute age United Arab Emirates, tectonics : 104-122 archaeological sites Afar Depression anatexis Mexico, Quaternary 2: 204-218 stratigraphy 6: 869-885 Arizona, geochemistry : 143-153 Archean Africa see also East Africa ancient ice ages Warrawoona Group, sedimentary stratigraphy, Afar Depression 6: 869-885 Ontario, stratigraphy 2: 264-274 petrology 8: 1256-1262 Agnotozoic see Proterozoic South Australia, stratigraphy 8: 1120-1139 ares, island see island ares Alabama Western Australia, Proterozoic 2: 189-203 Arctic Archipelago tectonophysics 7: 1069-1079 Andalusia Spain see Cordoba Spain geochemistry 4: 578-589 Alai Range Andes see also Chile; Peru Arctic Ocean neotectonics 11: 1665-1683 Quaternary, Eastern Cordillera 6: 934-948 Cenozoic, Voring Plateau 12: 1792-1807 Alameda County California andesites see boninite Quaternary Quaternary 6: 906-918 Antarctic Continent see Antarctica Barents Sea 7: 1080-1097 Alaska Antarctic ice sheet Kara Sea 7: 1080-1097 petrology 7: 1103-1106 Quaternary 10: 1486-1516; 10:1517- Quaternary 5: 769-789 1536; 10: 1563-1580 Arctic region see also Greenland: Svalbard stratigraphy Antarctic Ocean Quaternary, Svalbard 7: 1080-1097 Alaska Peninsula 10: 1537-1549 Quaternary, Ross Sea 1: _9-1 -103; 10: 1486- Ardipithecus ramidus Fairbanks Alaska 1: 71-90 1516; 10: 1517-1536 stratigraphy : 869-885 structural geology, Yukon- Antarctica Arenac County Michigan Tanana Upland 9: 1416-1422 hydrology 2: 254-263 ground water : 177-188 Alaska Peninsula Quaternary arendalite see epidote stratigraphy 10: 1537-1549 Antarctic ice sheet 10: 1486-1516; 10: 1517- arenite see quartz arenite Alay Range see Alai Range 1536: 10: 1563-1580 Argentina see also Precordillera Alberta see Canadian Rocky Mountains Marie Byrd Land 10: 1563-1580 Quaternary, Pampean Mountains 6: 934-948 Alberta Foothills anthraxolite argillite structural geology 3: 317-346 New York i2: 1884-1896 Ontario, stratigraphy : 264-274 albite anticlines argon-argon see Ar/Ar Northern Territory Australia, metal Peru 8: 1140-1154 Arizona see also Navajo Sandstone ores 5: 663-673 Utah 6: 808-822 geochemistry, Cochise County algae Anticosti Island Arizona diatoms, Antarctic Ocean 1: 91-103 stratigraphy 4: 475-483 mantle alkali basalts see mugearite Antilles see Greater Antilles neotectonics, Mohave County alkali feldspar see K-feldspar; microcline Apache County Arizona Arizona 9: 1350-1370 alkali metals see potassium petrology 4: 590-606 petrology, Apache County Arizona 4: 590-606 alkaline earth metals see strontium apatite Arkhangelsk Russian Federation see Franz Josef alkanes see methane Greenland, tectonophysics 7: 1054-1068 Land Alleghany Orogeny Nevada, neotectonics 6: 886-905 arkose Appalachians, geochemistry 12: 1841-1860 Virginia, petroleum 2: 275-290 California, stratigraphy 9: 1265-1293 New York Appalachian Mountains see Appalachians Arthropoda see Mandibulata economic geology 12: 1884-1896 Appalachian Phase ash falls structural geology 2: 219-239 Nova Scotia, geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 Antarctica, Quaternary 10: 1563-1580 Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 1907 Asia ¢ California SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 Asia see also Arabian Peninsula; Central Asia; Bathurst Island Ukraine, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 Far East; Himalayas; Indian Peninsula; geochemistry 4: 578-589 Wales, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 Kyrgyzstan; Middle East Bay County Michigan breccia see volcanic breccia neotectonics ground water 2: 177-188 brines Alai Range 11: 1665-1683 Bear Island Appalachians, geochemistry 12: 1841-1860 Pamirs 11: 1665-1683 Quaternary : 1080-1097 New York 12: 1884-1896 stratigraphy bed-load see bedload British Columbia see Canadian Cordillera; Aral Sea ; bedding Monashee Complex; Stikinia Terrane Ustyurt 1: 1-10 Arizona, geomorphology 7: 949-959 bromide ion tectonics, Tien Shan 5: 709-724 Utah, geomorphology 7: 949-959 Michigan, ground water 2: 177-188 tectonophysics, Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture bedload bromine zone 11: 1644-1664 Idaho, hydrology 3: 450-466 bromide ion, Michigan 2 asthenosphere Belemnite Marls Broome County New York Turkey, geochemistry 8: 1192-1216 stratigraphy : 1823-1840 structural geology Atlantic Ocean see also North Atlantic belts, mobile see mobile belts Bull Lake Glaciation geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 Bighorn Basin Wyoming Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 stratigraphy : 1405-1415 burial metamorphism Atlantic Ocean Islands see Canary Islands Bignell Loess Nevada, structural geology Atlantic-type margins see passive margins Quaternary : 1861-1875 Burnett County Wisconsin augen gneiss bioclastic sedimentation Quaternary : 1371-1386 British Columbia, structural Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 1: 91-103 C-13/C-12 geology 4: 560-577 New Mexico 2: 159-176 Appalachians, geochemistry : 1841-1860 Australasia see New Zealand Texas 2: 159-176 California, petrology 10: 1448-1467 Australia see New South Wales Australia; biogenic structures see bioherms; stromatolites Israel, ground water : 1098-1102 Northern Territory Australia; South Austra- biogeography Mexico, stratigraphy : 1010-1029 lia; Western Australia California, stratigraphy 9: 1265-1293 Mississippian 7: 960-973 Australian Plate bioherms Texas, stratigraphy : 1010-1029 New Zealand, neotectonics 4: 538-559 New Mexico 2: 159-176 C-14 Awash Valley Spain 3: 395-411 Antarctic Ocean, Qua- stratigraphy 6: 869-885 Texas 2: 159-176 ternary 1: 91-103; 10: 1517-1536 Baja California Norte Mexico biostratigraphy see also biozones California, Quaternary 6: 906-918 structural geology 4: 607-619 California 9: 1265-1293 Labrador, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Baltic region see Latvia; Lithuania England 12: 1823-1840 Maine, Quaternary 4: 620-632 Barents Sea Kazakhstan 1: 1-10 Mexico, Quaternary 2: 204-218; 10: Quaternary 7: 1080-1097 Mexico : 1010-1029 1550-1562 barometry, geologic see geologic barometry Nevada, structural analysis 1: 11-27 Nevada, neotectonics 6: 791-807 Barreme Basin Texas : 1010-1029 Newfoundland, Quaternary : 1700-1713 structural geology 11: 1617-1643 biotite Cainozoic see Cenozoic barroisite South Dakota, tectonophysics 9: 1335-1349 calcareous clay see marl Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 biozones calcite bars Alaska, stratigraphy 10: 1537-1549 California, Quaternary 6: 906-918 Montana, geomorphology 2: 291-303 Latvia, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 Mississippian 7: 960-973 basalts see also alkali basalts; lava; tholeiite Lithuania, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 New York, economic geology : 1884-1896 Pacific Ocean 9: 1294-1314 Quebec, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 Spain, diagenesis 3: 395-411 base metals Sweden, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 calcium carbonate New York 12: 1884-1896 Ukraine, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 England, stratigraphy : 1823-1840 Northern Territory Australia 5: 663-673 Wales, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 calderas basement tectonics Wyoming, stratigraphy : 1405-1415 Arizona, geochemistry 1: 143-153 Arctic region 10: 1468-1485 bitumens California, petrology : 1714-1722 plate tectonics 7: 974-99] anthraxolite, New York : 1884-1896 Canary Islands 5: 755-768 Spitsbergen 10: 1468-1485 Bjornoya see Bear Island Mexico, structural geology 4: 607-619 basin analysis Black Hills New Zealand, Quaternary 10: 1435-1447 China, tectonics 5: 709-724 tectonophysics : 1335-1349 Caledonian Orogeny Basin and Range Province see also Great Ba- bloating shale see shale Scotland, structural geology 7: 1030-1041 sin; Nevada; Walker Lane block clay see melange Califernia see also Great Basin; Lake Lahontan; hydrogeology 11: 1600-1616 block structures San Joaquin Basin; Sierra Nevada; Stevens neotectonics 6: 886-905 California, Paleozoic Sandstone structural analysis Le1i=27 China, structural geology crust, Siskiyou County basin range structure Colorado Plateau, petrology California 8: 1217-1232 Nevada, structural analysis 1: 11-27 Mexico, tectonics geomorphology basins see also drainage basins; foreland basins; blueschist facies Mojave Desert 5: 646-662 pull-apart basins Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 San Bernardino County California, diagenesis 3: 432-449 bluffs California 5: 646-662 France, structural geology 11: 1617-1643 Alaska, Quaternary 5: 769-789 hydrogeology Mississippi Valley, tectonophysics 3: 375-394 boninite Inyo County California : 1600-1616 New Zealand, stratigraphy 4: 524-537 Cuba, geochemistry 11: 1581-1599 Kern County California : 1600-1616 Virginia, petroleum 2: 275-290 bottom load see bedload San Bernardino County basins, drainage see drainage basins box models (sand) see sandbox models California : 1600-1616 Basses-Alpes see Alpes-de-Haute Provence Brachiopoda Tulare County California : 1600-1616 France Latvia, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 magmas batholiths Lithuania, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 Sierra Nevada Batholith 4: 484-496 California 4: 484-496 Quebec, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 Tulare County California 4: 484-496 Spain, geochemistry 12: 1897-1906 Sweden, stratigraphy 4: 475-483 mantle 1: 154-157 1908 Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 Cambrian ¢ cold seeps Monterey Bay 7: 992-1009 Nevada 6: 791-807 Ontario : 264-274 neotectonics Newfoundland 11: 1700-1713 Quebec : 475-483 Humboldt County California 4: 512-523 organic carbon Sweden : 475-483 San Bernardino County England 12: 1823-1840 Ukraine > 475-483 California 9: 1350-1370 Mississippian 7: 960-973 Wales : 475-483 petrology carbon-14 see C-14 Wyoming Humboldt County California 10: 1448-1467 carbonate platforms Chemung County New York Tuolumne County California 11: 1714-1722 Mexico, stratigraphy 7: 1010-1029 structural geology Yosemite National Park 11: 1714-1722 New York, economic geology 12: 1884-1896 Chemung Formation Quaternary Texas, stratigraphy 7: 1010-1029 geochemistry : 1841-1860 Alameda County California 6: 906-918 carbonate rocks see also calcite; dolostone; Chihuahua Mexico Hayward Fault 6: 906-918 grainstone; limestone; packstone geochemistry 6: 823-830 San Francisco Bay region 6: 906-918 Alberta, structural geology 3: 317-346 Chile San Gregorio Fault 7: 992-1009 Pennsylvanian 3: 467-472 neotectonics 9: 1387-1404 stratigraphy carbonate sediments Chilikta Formation Riverside County California 9: 1265-1293 Labrador, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 stratigraphy 1: 1-10 San Bernardino County Newfoundland, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 China see also Xinjiang China; Xizang China California : 1265-1293 carbonates see calcite structural geology 5: 725-742 San Gabriel Mountains : 1265-1293 Carboniferous see Mississippian; Pennsylvanian tectonics, Kunlun Mountains 5: 709-724 Cambrian Caribbean Plate Chisago County Minnesota Alabama : 1069-1079 Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 Quaternary 9: 1371-1386 Argentina : 1069-1079 Caribbean region see West Indies chloride ion Galesville Sandstone, sedimen- Catalonia Spain Michigan, ground water 2: 177-188 tary petrology : 1723-1738 diagenesis 3: 395-411 chlorides see sylvite New York 12: 1884-1896 stratigraphy 8: 1155-1174 chiorine Oklahoma 7: 1069-1079 tectonics 3: 412-431 chloride ion, Michigan : 177-188 Campanian catchments see drainage basins India : 1315-1334 cathodoluminescence 8: 1107-1119 chlorite Pacific Ocean, metamorphism 9: 1294-1314 Nepal : 1315-1334 Cedar Mountain earthquake 1932 Chordata see Vertebrata Utah : 1315-1334 neotectonics 6: 791-807 chorology see biogeography Wyoming 9: 1315-1334 Cedar Ridge cistern rock see laccoliths Canada see also Eastern Canada; Northwest Quaternary 8: 1233-1249 Clark’s Fork Basin Territories; Western Canada cement geochemistry, Meguma Terrane 12: 1773-1791 Spain, diagenesis 3: 395-411 stratigraphy 9: 1405-1415 petrology Cenomanian clastic rocks see also arenite; argillite; arkose: Canadian Cordillera 7: 1103-1106 Oman 1: 104-122 breccia; claystone; conglomerate: diamictite; Stikinia Terrane 7: 1103-1106 United Arab Emirates 1: 104-122 flysch; marl; megabreccia; molasse; structural geology Cenozoic see also Quaternary; Tertiary mudstone; sandstone; shale; siliciclastics; siltstone Canadian Cordillera 4: 560-577; 9: 1416- Arctic Ocean 12: 1792-1807 1422 Greenland 7: 1054-1068 China, structural geology 5: 725-742 Canadian Rocky Mountains 3: 317-346 Nevada 1: 39-51 New York, structural geology 2: 219-239 Canadian Cordillera Central Asia see Aral Sea; Kazakhstan; Pamirs; Virginia, petroleum 2: 275-290 petrology 7: 1103-1106 Ustyurt clastic sediments see also alluvium; clay; structural geology — 4: 560-577; 9: 1416-1422 central granite see batholiths diamicton; gravel; loess; ooze; overbank sed- iments; sand; silt; ull; volcaniclastics Canadian Rocky Mountains Cephalopoda see Tetrabranchiata structural geology 3: 317-346 chain silicates see amphibole group Argentina, Quaternary 6: 934-948 Canadian Shield chambers, magma see magma chambers Kazakhstan, stratigraphy 1: 1-10 tectonophysics 9: 1335-1349 channel geometry clay Canary Islands Arizona, geomorphology 7: 949-959 Minnesota, Quaternary 9: 1371-1386 geomorphology 5: 755-768 Idaho, hydrology 3: 450-466 Wisconsin, Quaternary 9: 1371-1386 Canyonlands National Park Utah, geomorphology 7: 949-959, 12: clay minerals see illite structural geology 6: 808-822 1757-1772 claystone canyons channels see also streamflow New South Wales Australia, Arizona, geomorphology 7: 949-959 Montana 2: 291-303 stratigraphy 1: 52-70 California 7: 992-1009 Chaoshui Basin climate change Utah, geomorphology 7: 949-959 structural geology 5: 725-742 Arctic Ocean, Cenozoic 12: 1792-1807 Capitan Formation characteristic remanent magnetization Pennsylvanian 3: 467-472 sedimentary petrology 2: 159-176 Spain, stratigraphy 8: 1155-1174 Wyoming, stratigraphy 9: 1405-1415 carbargilite see coal charcoal climatic orbital forcing see orbital forcing carbon California, Quaternary 6: 906-918 climatology, paleo- see paleoclimatology C-13/C-12 Mexico, Quaternary 10: 1550-1562 clinoamphibole see actinolite; glaucophane; Appalachians : 1841-1860 Chegan Formation hornblende California 10: 1448-1467 stratigraphy : 1-10 Coahuila Platform Israel : 1098-1102 Chemehuevi Mountains stratigraphy 7: 1010-1029 Mexico : 1010-1029 neotectonics 9: 1350-1370 coal Mississippian 7: 960-973 chemical weathering New South Wales Australia, Texas : 1010-1029 Colorado 2: 304-314 stratigraphy 1: 52-70 C-14 chemically precipitated rocks see evaporites Cochise County Arizona Antarctic Ocean 1: 91-103; 10: 1517-1536 chemostratigraphy geochemistry 1: 143-153 California 6: 906-918 England 12: 1823-1840 COCORP Labrador 11: 1700-1713 Latvia 4: 475-483 Mississippi Valley, tectonophysics 3: 375-394 Maine 4: 620-632 Lithuania 4: 475-483 cold seeps Mexico 2: 204-218; 10: 1550-1562 Mississippian 7: 960-973 California 7: 992-1009 Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 1909 collapse structures ¢ Dinoflagellata SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 collapse structures Utah : 1315-1334 Deep Creek Range Hawaii, lava 5: 674-685 Wyoming : 1315-1334 neotectonics : 886-905 Colorado see aiso Front Range; White River Cenomanian deep-sea fans see submarine fans Group Oman 1: 104-122 deformation see also folds diagenesis, Creede mining United Arab Emirates 1: 104-122 British Columbia : 560-577 district 8: 1175-1191 China 5: 709-724; 5: 725-742 California, magmas : 484-496 frost action, Mineral County Cupido Formation : 1010-1029 ductile deformation, Mexico : 607-619 Colorado 2: 304-314 Maestrichtian Malawi : 123-142 Colorado Plateau India : 1315-1334 New York : 219-239 mantle : 154-157 Nepal : 1315-1334 Peru : 1140-1154 orogeny : 849-868 Utah : 1315-1334 Utah 6: 808-822 petrology 4: 590-606 Wyoming : 1315-1334 deglaciation Colorado River Mexico 4: 607-619 Antarctic Ocean, Qua- structural geology 6: 808-822 Nevada 1: 39-51 ternary 10: 1486-1516; : 1517-1536 Commonwealth of Independent States see Aral Turkey : 1192-1216 Colorado, Quaternary : 1861-1875 Sea; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Ustyurt Venezuela 6: 831-848 Maine, Quaternary 4: 620-632 compression tectonics crust see also crustal shortening; crustal thicken- Minnesota, Quaternary : 1371-1386 California 7: 992-1009 ing; sea-floor spreading Mississippian 7: 960-973 concretions Alabama : 1069-1079 Wisconsin, Quaternary : 1371-1386 California, Quaternary 6: 906-918 Argentina : 1069-1079 denudation conglomerate California > 1217-1232 Chile, neotectonics : 1387-1404 Arizona, neotectonics : 1350-1370 Canada, structural geology : 1416-1422 depressions California, neotectonics : 1350-1370 Chile, neotectonics : 1387-1404 Hawaii, lava 5: 674-685 China, tectonophysics : 1644-1664 continental crust deserts India : 1315-1334 Colorado Plateau 1: 154-157; 4: 590-606 California 5: 646-662 Nepal : 1315-1334 Nevada 6: 886-905 detachment see decollement Nevada, neotectonics 6: 886-905 lower crust, Spain : 1897-1906 detachment faults Spain, tectonics 3: 412-431 Mexico, geochemistry 6: 823-830 Arizona : 1350-1370 Utah 9: 1315-1334 Nova Scotia, geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 California : 1350-1370 Wyoming 9: 1315-1334 oceanic crust, Pacific Ocean 9: 1294-1314 Nevada 6: 886-905 continental crust see also COCORP Oklahoma 7: 1069-1079 detrital fan see alluvial fans Colorado Plateau 1: 154-157 Scotland, structural geology if 1030-1041 Devonian petrology 4: 590-606 United States, structural geology 99:: 1416-1422 Chemung Formation, geo- Nevada, neotectonics 6: 886-905 Crustacea see Ostracoda chemistry : 1841-1860 continental drift see Laurentia crustal shortening Helderberg Group, geo- continental dunes China, tectonophysics : 1644-1664 chemistry : 1841-1860 California 5: 646-662 Nevada, structural geology 1: 39-51 New York 2: 219-239 continental margin see a/so passive margins New Mexico, orogeny 6: 849-868 Oriskany Sandstone, geo- California 7: 992-1009 crustal thickening chemistry 12: 1841-1860 crust 8: 1217-1232 China, tectonophysics : 1644-1664 dextral faults see right-lateral faults Paleozoic 6: 919-933 Cuba diachronism New Zealand, neotectonics 4: 538-559 geochemistry : 1581-1599 Spain, tectonics 3: 412-431 continental margin sedimentation Cumbre Nueva Ridge diagenesis Northwest Territories, geo- geomorphology 5: 755-768 California 3: 432-449 chemistry 4: 578-589 Cumbre Vieja Colorado > 1175-1191 continental migration see continental drift geomorphology Mississippian 7: 960-973 continental shelf see also continental margin Cupido Formation : 1010-1029 Northern Territory Australia, Labrador, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Custer County South Dakota metal ores 5: 663-673 Newfoundland, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 tectonophysics : 1335-1349 Spain 3: 395-411 continental type see continental crust cyclostratigraphy diagonal-slip faults see oblique-slip faults coquina England : 1823-1840 diamictite New Zealand, stratigraphy 4: 524-537 cyclothems Ontario, stratigraphy 2: 264-274 coral reefs see reefs New Zealand, stratigraphy 4: 524-537 Western Australia, Proterozoic 2: 189-203 Cordillera Oriental see Eastern Cordillera Pennsylvanian 3: 467-472 diamicton Cordoba Spain see Los Pedroches Spain Danakil Depression see Afar Depression Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 1: 91-103 core complexes see metamorphic core com- dating, fission-track see fission-track dating Labrador, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 plexes Dead Sea Newfoundland, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Cortland County New York ground water 7: 1098-1102 diaphthoresis see retrograde metamorphism structural geology 2: 219-239 Dead Sea Rift diapirism Cranberry Island Series ground water : 1098-1102 Utah, structural geology 6: 808-822 geochemistry 5: 686-708 debris flows diatoms Crater Lake geologic hazards : 1424-1434 Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 1: 91-103 Quaternary 1: 28-38 Hawaii, lava 5: 674-685 diatremes Creede District see Creede mining district New Zealand, Quaternary 5: 743-754 Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 Creede Formation decollement dike swarms diagenesis 8: 1175-1191 Alabama, tectonophysics : 1069-1079 Turkey, geochemistry 8: 1192-1216 Creede mining district Appalachians, structural geo- dikes see also ring dikes diagenesis 8: 1175-1191 logy : 1808-1822 California, crust 8: 1217-1232 Cretaceous see also Laramide Orogeny Argentina, tectonophysics : 1069-1079 Himalayas, structural geology 3: 364-374 California 4: 484-496 Nevada Oman, tectonics 1: 104-122 Campanian neotectonics 6: 886-905 United Arab Emirates, tectonics 1: 104-122 India 9: 1315-1334 structural geology 1: 39-51 Dinoflagellata Nepal 9: 1315-1334 Oklahoma, tectonophysics 7: 1069-1079 Kazakhstan, stratigraphy 1: 1-10 1910 Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 diorites * Flinders Range diorites see tonalite Eocene faults see also block structures; deformation; dip-slip faults Kazakhstan 1: 1-10 earthquakes; geologic hazards; scarps; shear Kyrgyzstan 11: 1665-1683 Spain 3: 395-411; 8: 1155-1174 zones displacement theory see continental drift Wyoming 9: 1405-1415 active faults dolostone eolian features see continental dunes; deserts Argentina 6: 934-948 Western Australia 8: 1256-1262 epeirogeny California 4: 512-523; 9: 1265-1293; Dorset England Greenland, tectonophysics 7: 1054-1068 12: 1739-1756 stratigraphy 12: 1823-1840 epeirophoresis theory see continental drift Nevada 6: 791-807; 12: Doswell Formation epicenters 1739-1756 petroleum 2: 275-290 Mississippi Valley, tectonophysics 3: 375-394 New Zealand 4: 538-559 drainage basins Nevada, neotectonics 6: 791-807 Arctic Ocean, Cenozoic 12: 1792-1807 California, hydrogeology 11: 1600-1616 epidote Canary Islands, geomorphology 5: 755-768 drainage patterns Pacific Ocean, metamorphism 9: 1294-1314 detachment faults California, Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 Arizona : 1350-1370 Nevada, Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 erosion California : 1350-1370 dropstone see argillite Colorado, Quaternary 12: 1876-1883 Nevada 6: 886-905 dry delta see alluvial fans geomorphology 8: 1250-1255 dip-slip faults, Kyrgyzstan : 1665-1683 ductile deformation Greenland, tectonophysics 7: 1054-1068 en echelon faults, Utah 6: 808-822 Mexico 4: 607-619 eruptions see also explosive eruptions; extension faults dunes see continental dunes plinian-type eruptions; volcanoes Mexico : 347-363 dykes see dikes New Zealand, Quaternary 10: 1435-1447 Nevada 1: 11-27 earthquakes see also epicenters; geologic haz- eruptive rocks see volcanic rocks listric faults, Nevada 1: 11-27 ards; New Madrid region; paleoseismicity; Escalante River basin Mexico 4: 607-619 seismic moment geomorphology 7: 949-959 normal faults Kyrgyzstan, neotectonics 11: 1665-1683 escarpments see scarps Arctic region : 1468-1485 East Africa see Afar Depression; Ethiopia; Ma- Ethiopia Arizona : 1350-1370 lawi California : 1350-1370 stratigraphy, Awash Valley 6: 869-885 East Pacific see Northeast Pacific Nevada 1: 11-27; 6: 886-905 Eurasia East Shetland Basin Spitsbergen 10: 1468-1485 Quaternary 7: 1080-1097 structural geology 7: 1030-1041 Utah 6: 808-822 Eurasian Plate East-Central Alaska see Fairbanks Alaska Northern Territory Australia, China, tectonophysics 11: 1644-1664 Eastern Canada see Maritime Provinces; metal ores 5: 663-673 Kyrgyzstan, neotectonics 11: 1665-1683 Meguma Terrane; Newfoundland; Ontario; oblique-slip faults, New Mexico _ 6: 849-868 Europe see also Alps; Baltic region; Southern Quebec Pacific Ocean, metamorphism 9: 1294-1314 Europe; Western Europe Eastern Cordillera reverse faults, Argentina 6: 934-948 Quaternary, Franz Josef Land 7: 1080-1097 Quaternary 6: 934-948 right-lateral faults European Plate see Eurasian Plate Ebro Basin California 6: 906-918; 6: 919-933 eustasy tectonics 3: 412-431 China 5: 709-724 Kazakhstan, stratigraphy 1: 1-10 echo sounding Nevada : 791-807 New Zealand, stratigraphy 4: 524-537 Antarctica, hydrology 2: 254-263 New Mexico : 849-868 Pennsylvanian 3: 467-472 eclogite strike-slip faults Eutheria see Primates; Proboscidea Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 California > 512-523 Evanston Formation Oman, tectonics 1: 104-122 China ; 5: 725-742 United Arab Emirates, tectonics 1: 104-122 sedimentary petrology 9: 1315-1334 Nevada 6: 791-807 economic geology see base metals; brines; coal; evaporites see also salt New Zealand 4: 538-559 hematite; lead-zinc deposits; petroleum; salt; Mexico, stratigraphy 7: 1010-1029 Nova Scotia 1773-1791 shale; silver ores Spain, stratigraphy 8: 1155-1174 thrust faults Eddy County New Mexico Texas, stratigraphy 7: 1010-1029 California : 1714-1722 sedimentary petrology 2: 159-176 exfoliation China 5: 725-742 EI Casco Quadrangle Argentina, Quaternary 6: 934-948 Kyrgyzstan : 1665-1683 stratigraphy 9: 1265-1293 exhumation Scotland : 1030-1041 Elatina Formation Himalayas, structural geology 3: 364-374 Turkey : 1192-1216 stratigraphy 8: 1120-1139 Nevada transcurrent faults Elephantidae see Mammuthus neotectonics 6: 886-905 Arctic region 10: 1468-1485 Elephantoidea see Elephantidae structural geology 1: 39-51 Spitsbergen 10: 1468-1485 Elko County Nevada see Pequop Mountains Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 transfer faults, Kyrgyzstan 11: 1665-1683 Ellesmere Island exogenous inclusions see xenoliths underthrust faults, China 11: 1644-1664 geochemistry 4: 578-589 explosive eruptions see also plinian-type erup- features, volcanic see volcanic features Elliot Bay tions feeding ground see drainage basins structural geology 7: 1042-1053 Antarctica, Quaternary 10: 1563-1580 feldspar group see alkali feldspar; plagioclase Emery County Utah extension faults fission tracks geomorphology 12: 1757-1772 Mexico 3: 347-363 Greenland, tectonophysics 7: 1054-1068 Emu fault zone Nevada 1: 11-27 fission-track dating metal ores 5: 663-673 extension tectonics see also pull-apart basins Alaska, stratigraphy 1: 71-90 en echelon faults Arizona 9: 1350-1370 Chile, neotectonics 9: 1387-1404 Utah 6: 808-822 California 9: 1350-1370 Nevada engineering geology see earthquakes; geologic facies see amphibolite facies; blueschist facies; neotectonics 6: 886-905 hazards; rock mechanics; soil mechanics granulite facies; greenschist facies structural analysis 1: 11-27 England Fairbanks Alaska Virginia, petroleum 2: 275-290 stratigraphy, Dorset England —12: 1823-1840 stratigraphy 1: 71-90 flexure environmental geology see geologic hazards Far East see China plate tectonics 7: 974-991 Eocambrian Farallon Plate Flinders Range Nevada 1: 39-51 Mexico, tectonics 3: 347-363 stratigraphy 8: 1120-1139 Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 1911 flood tuff * Gowganda Formation SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 flood tuff see ignimbrite France geomorphologic effects floodplains structural geology, Alpes-de-Haute Provence California, Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 Montana 2: 291-303 France 11: 1617-1643 Nevada, Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 floods Franciscan Complex geomorphology see frost action; glacial geology: Idaho, hydrology 3: 450-466 petrology 10: 1448-1467 mud volcanoes; sea-level changes; volcanic fluid inclusions see also geologic thermometry Franklin District Northwest Territories see Arc- features; weathering New York, economic geology 12: 1884-1896 tic Archipelago; Queen Elizabeth Islands geophysical surveys see also echo sounding; Spain, diagenesis 3: 395-411 Franklinian mobile belt GLORIA; remote sensing fluids, ore-forming see ore-forming fluids geochemistry 4: 578-589 Alberta, structural geology 3: 317-346 fluvial environment see fluviolacustrine environ- Franz Josef Land Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 10: 1486-1516 ment Quaternary 7: 1080-1097 Labrador, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 fluvial features see floodplains; meanders; rivers freeze-thaw action see frost action Mississippi Valley, tectonophysics 3: 375-394 fluvial sedimentation Fremont County Wyoming New Zealand, neotectonics 4: 538-559 Idaho, hydrology 3: 450-466 Quaternary 8: 1233-1249 Newfoundland, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Montana, geomorphology 2: 291-303 Front Range Nova Scotia, geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 Scotland, structural geology 7: 1030-1041 New Zealand, Quaternary 5: 743-754 Quaternary 12: 1861-1875; 12: Washington, structural geology 7: 1042-1053 Utah, geomorphology 12: 1757-1772 1876-1883 geosemiosis 5: 633-645 fluvial sediments see stream sediments structural geology 3: 317-346 geotectonics see tectonics fluvial transport see stream transport frost action geothermal gradient fluviolacustrine environment Colorado 2: 304-314 Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 New Zealand, Quaternary 10: 1435-1447 gabbros geothermal surveys see heat flow flysch California 4: 484-496 geothermometry see geologic thermometry France, structural geology 11: 1617-1643 Mexico, structural geology 4: 607-619 Gilbert Chron fold and thrust belts Turkey, geochemistry 8: 1192-1216 Ethiopia 6: 869-885 Alberta, structural geology 3: 317-346 Galesville Sandstone Gilman Canyon Formation Appalachians sedimentary petrology 11: 1723-1738 Quaternary 12: 1861-1875 geochemistry : 1841-1860 Gangdese Fault glacial extent structural geology : 1808-1822 tectonophysics 11: 1644-1664 Labrador, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Arctic region, orogeny 1468-1485 gastaldite see glaucophane Newfoundland, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Peru, deformation : 1140-1154 geobarometry see geologic barometry glacial geology see glaciation; glaciers; ice Spitsbergen, orogeny 1468-1485 geochemical surveys sheets; ice streams; ice-marginal features; folds see also decollement Cuba, geochemistry 11: 1581-1599 moraines; till anticlines geochemistry glacial lakes see also varves Peru : 1140-1154 lithogeochemistry Alaska 5: 769-789 Utah 6: 808-822 Arizona 1: 143-153 glacial maximum, last see last glacial maximum California California 8: 1217-1232 glacial rebound crust : 1217-1232 Chile 9: 1387-1404 Manitoba, Quaternary 11: 1684-1699 petrology : 1714-1722 Cuba 11: 1581-1599 glacial recession see deglaciation overturned folds, Spain 3: 412-431 Hawaii 5: 674-685 glacial sedimentation see also glaciomarine synclines Maine 5: 686-708 sedimentation Spain 3: 412-431 Malawi 1: 123-142 Russian Federation 7: 1080-1097 Western Australia 2: 189-203 Mexico 6: 823-830 glaciation see also deglaciation; erosion; gla- Foraminifera see also Rotaliina Northern Territory Australia 5: 663-673 ciers; ice sheets; last glacial maximum Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 1: 91-103 Nova Scotia 12: 1773-1791 Arctic Ocean, Cenozoic 12: 1792-1807 Kazakhstan, stratigraphy 1: 1-10 Ontario 2: 264-274 Wyoming, Quaternary 8: 1233-1249 Maine, Quaternary 4: 620-632 Spain 12: 1897-1906 glaciers see also deglaciation; ice sheets; foreland basins geochronology see absolute age; Cambrian; Ce- ice-marginal features; moraines Appalachians, geochemistry : 1841-1860 nozoic; Cretaceous; Devonian; Eocene; Ho- New Zealand 5: 743-754 China, tectonics 5: 709-724 locene; Jurassic; Mesozoic; Miocene; glaciology see glacial geology India, sedimentary petrology : 1315-1334 Mississippian; Neogene; Oligocene; Ordovi- glaciomarine sedimentation Nepal, sedimentary petrology : 1315-1334 cian; Paleocene; Paleozoic; Pennsylvanian; Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 1: 91-103 Spain Permian; Pleistocene; Pliocene; Precam- glauconite brian; Proterozoic; Quaternary; Silurian; Ter- Spain, stratigraphy 8: 1155-1174 diagenesis 3: 395-411 tiary; Triassic glaucophane Stratigraphy : 1155-1174 geologic barometry see also P-T-t paths Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 tectonics 3: 412-431 Himalayas, structural geology 3: 364-374 Globigerinacea see Neogloboquadrina Utah, sedimentary petrology : 1315-1334 Mexico, structural geology 4: 607-619 pachyderma Wyoming, sedimentary petro- Nevada, structural geology 1: 39-51 GLORIA logy : 1315-1334 geologic hazards see also landslides; liquefac- Russian Federation, Quaternary 7: 1080-1097 fossil soils see Paleosols tion; paleoseismicity; slope stability; volca- gneisses see also augen gneiss; orthogneiss Four Corners noes Massachusetts, geochemistry 2: 240-253 petrology 4: 590-606 California, neotectonics 4: 512-523 Gold Hill Loess fractional crystallization New Zealand, Quaternary 10: 1435-1447 stratigraphy 1: 71-90 Spain, geochemistry : 1897-1906 Washington, structural geology 7: 1042-1053 Gondwana fractures geologic thermometry see also C-13/C-12; New Zealand, sedimentary petro- joints P-T-t paths logy 8: 1107-1119 Argentina 6: 934-948 Himalayas 3: 364-374 plate tectonics 7: 974-991 Arizona 7: 949-959 Nevada, structural geology 1: 39-51 Gothlandian see Silurian New York 2: 219-239 Virginia, petroleum 2: 275-290 Gotland Sweden Utah 6: 808-822; 7: 949-959 geological barometry see geologic barometry stratigraphy 4: 475-483 framework silicates see feldspar group; silica Geological Long-Range Inclined ASDIC see Gotlandian see Silurian minerals GLORIA Gowganda Formation 2: 264-274 1912 Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 grabens ¢ inclination, magnetic grabens Hams Fork Conglomerate Member Iberian Mountains Mexico, tectonics 3: 347-363 sedimentary petrology 9: 1315-1334 geochemistry 12: 1897-1906 Utah, structural geology 6: 808-822 Hancock County Maine Iberian Peninsula see Spain graded bedding geochemistry 5: 686-708 ice cores Utah, geomorphology 2: 1757-1772 Hawaii Antarctica, Quaternary : 1563-1580 Grafton Gneiss lava ice mantle see ice sheets geochemistry 2: 240-253 Kauai 5: 674-685 ice rafting grainstone Kauai County Hawaii 5: 674-685 Arctic Ocean, Cenozoic : 1792-1807 Mexico, stratigraphy : 1010-1029 Hayward Fault ice sheets Spain 3: 395-411 Quaternary 6: 906-918 Antarctic Ocean, Quater- Texas, stratigraphy : 1010-1029 hazards, geologic see geologic hazards nary 10: 1486-1516; : 1517-1536 Grand County Utah heat flow Antarctica, hydrology 2: 254-263 geomorphology 12: 1757-1772 California, diagenesis 3: 432-449 Labrador, Quaternary : 1700-1713 granites see also granodiorites; leucogranite; Pacific Ocean, metamorphism 9: 1294-1314 Maine, Quaternary 4: 620-632 monzogranite Helderberg Group Newfoundland, Quaternary : 1700-1713 Argentina, Quaternary 6: 934-948 geochemistry : 1841-1860 Russian Federation, Quaternary : 1080-1097 granodiorites hematite ice streams Nova Scotia, geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 South Australia, stratigraphy : 1120-1139 Russian Federation, Quaternary : 1080-1097 Spain, geochemistry 12: 1897-1906 Wyoming, stratigraphy : 1405-1415 ice-marginal features granophyre Hercynian Orogeny Maine, Quaternary 4: 620-632 Arizona, geochemistry 1: 143-153 Spain, geochemistry : 1897-1906 ice-rafting see ice rafting granulite facies Herkimer County New York icebergs Oman, tectonics 1: 104-122 economic geology : 1884-1896 Russian Federation, Quaternary 7: 1080-1097 United Arab Emirates, tectonics 1: 104-122 hervidero see mud volcanoes Idaho gravel heterochrony see diachronism hydrology 3: 450-466 geologic hazards : 1424-1434 Hettangian igneous rocks India > 1315-1334 Alaska : 1537-1549 basalts, Pacific Ocean : 1294-1314 Nepal > 1315-1334 High Plains see Great Plains boninite, Cuba : 1581-1599 Utah 9: 1315-1334 Hikurangi Trough California, hydrogeology : 1600-1616 Wyoming : 1315-1334 neotectonics 4: 538-559 gabbros gravity faults see normal faults Himalayas see also India; Nepal California 4: 484-496 Great Basin structural geology, Zanskar Range 3: 364-374 Mexico 4: 607-619 Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 Holocene Turkey : 1192-1216 Great Britain see England; Scotland; Wales Antarctic Ocean 10: 1486-1516; 10: granites, Argentina 6: 934-948 granodiorites Great Cranberry Island 1517-1536 Nova Scotia : 1773-1791 geochemistry 5: 686-708 California 4: 512-523; 6: 906-918 Spain 2: 1897-1906 Great Glen Fault India 9: 1315-1334 granophyre, Arizona 1: 143-153 structural geology 7: 1030-1041 Manitoba 11: 1684-1699 hypabyssal rocks, Chile 9: 1387-1404 Great Lakes Mexico 2: 204-218 ignimbrite, Mexico 3: 347-363 ground water, Lake Huron 2: 177-188 Nepal 9: 1315-1334 leucogranite, Himalayas 3: 364-374 Great Lakes region see Michigan; Ontario; Wis- New Zealand 1: 28-38; 5: 743-754 monzogranite, Spain 2: 1897-1906 consin Utah 9: 1315-1334; 12: mugearite, Hawaii 5: 674-685 Great Plains see also Colorado 1757-1772 plutonic rocks Quaternary 11: 1684-1699 Washington 7: 1042-1053 Canada : 1103-1106 Greater Antilles see Cuba Wyoming 9: 1315-1334 Chile : 1387-1404 Green River Hominidae United States : 1103-1106 geomorphology 12: 1757-1772 Ethiopia, stratigraphy 6: 869-885 porphyry, California 4: 484-496 greenhouse effect honeycomb weathering pumice, Mexico 2: 204-218; 10: New South Wales Australia, strati- geomorphology : 1250-1255 1550-1562 graphy 1: 52-70 hornblende pyroclastics, Maine 5: 686-708 Greenland California, crust : 1217-1232 tholeiite, Cuba 11: 1581-1599 tectonophysics, Jameson Land 7: 1054-1068 Chile, neotectonics : 1387-1404 tonalite greenschist facies South Dakota, tectonophysics : 1335-1349 California 4: 484-496 Nevada, structural geology 1: 39-51 Turkey, geochemistry : 1192-1216 Nova Scotia 12: 1773-1791 ground water see also aquifers; recharge Humboldt County California tuff Israel 7: 1098-1102 neotectonics 4: 512-523 Alaska 10: 1537-1549 Michigan 2: 177-188 petrology 10: 1448-1467 Arizona 1: 143-153; 9: 1350-1370 ground-water replenishment see recharge Huronian see Gowganda Formation California 9: 1350-1370 Guadalupe Mountains HYC Deposit volcanic rocks, Mexico 6: 823-830 sedimentary petrology 2: 159-176 metal ores 5: 663-673 welded tuff, Colorado 2: 304-314 Guadalupian see Capitan Formation hydrocarbons see aliphatic hydrocarbons ignimbrite Gulf of Aqaba hydrogeology see ground water Mexico, tectonics 3: 347-363 ground water 7: 1098-1102 hydrology see also channel geometry; floods; Illinois see New Madrid region guyots see seamounts glaciers; lakes; rivers Illinois Basin half grabens California 11: 1600-1616 tectonophysics 3: 375-394 Nevada, structural analysis 1: 11-27 New Zealand, Quaternary 1: 28-38 illite Virginia, petroleum 2: 275-290 hydrothermal alteration see a/so ore-forming California, petrology 10: 1448-1467 halides see chlorides fluids image analysis halogens see bromine; chlorine Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 California, geomorphology 5: 646-662 halokinesis see salt tectonics Pacific Ocean 9: 1294-1314 imbricate tectonics Hamersley Basin hypabyssal rocks Peru 8: 1140-1154 Proterozoic 2: 189-203 Chile, neotectonics 9: 1387-1404 inclination, magnetic see magnetic inclination Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 1913 inclusions ¢ Lake Winnipegosis SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 inclusions see a/so fluid inclusions C-14 Kailas Fault Maine, geochemistry 5: 686-708 Antarctic Ocean 1: 91-103; 10: 1517-1536 tectonophysics 11: 1644-1664 xenoliths California 6: 906-918 kalium see potassium California 4: 484-496 Labrador 11: 1700-1713 Kamishak Formation Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 Maine 4: 620-632 stratigraphy : 1537-1549 increment see recharge Mexico 2: 204-218; 10: Kanabec County Minnesota India 1550-1562 Quaternary : 1371-1386 sedimentary petrology 9: 1315-1334 Nevada 6: 791-807 Kara Sea Indian Ocean see Red Sea Newfoundland 11: 1700-1713 Quaternary : 1080-1097 Indian Peninsula see Nepal Nd-144/Nd-143 Karlsefni Trough Indian Plate Hawaii 5: 674-685 Quaternary : 1700-1713 China, tectonophysics 11: 1644-1664 Mexico 6: 823-830; 10: Kauai Kyrgyzstan, neotectonics 11: 1665-1683 1550-1562 lava 5: 674-685 Indiana see Illinois Basin; New Madrid region Northwest Territories 4: 578-589 Kauai County Hawaii Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone O-18/0-16 lava 5: 674-685 tectonophysics 11: 1644-1664 California 8: 1217-1232 Kazakhstan see Ustyurt infiltration Israel 7: 1098-1102 Kelso Dunes Colorado, frost action 2: 304-314 Kazakhstan 1: 1-10 geomorphology 5: 646-662 Inner Tauride Seaway Michigan 2: 177-188 Kentucky see Illinois Basin; New Madrid region geochemistry 8: 1192-1216 Mississippian 7: 960-973 Kern County California inner transition elements see rare earths Northern Territory Australia 5: 663-673 hydrogeology 11: 1600-1616 Insecta Pacific Ocean 9: 1294-1314 Kirgizia see Kyrgyzstan Alaska, Quaternary 5: 769-789 Wyoming 9: 1405-1415 Klamath Mountains intrusions Pb-206/Pb-204, Mexico 6: 823-830 crust 8: 1217-1232 batholiths Pb-207/Pb-204, Mexico 6: 823-830 Koloa Volcanics California 4: 484-496 Pb-208/Pb-204, Mexico 6: 823-830 lava 5: 674-685 Spain : 1897-1906 Sm-147/Nd-144, Northwest Terri- Kungarra Formation diatremes, Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 tories 4: 578-589 Proterozoic 2: 189-203 dikes Sr-87/Sr-86 Kunlun Mountains California : 1217-1232 Chile 9 : 1387-1404 tectonics 5: 709-724 Himalayas 3: 364-374 England 12: 1823-1840 Kutanbulak Formation Oman 1: 104-122 Hawaii 5: 674-685 stratigraphy 1: 1-10 United Arab Emirates 1: 104-122 Israel 7: 1098-1102 Kyrgyzstan see Alai Range Greenland, tectonophysics : 1054-1068 Latvia 4: 475-483 La Palma laccoliths, Arizona 1: 143-153 Lithuania 4: 475-483 geomorphology 5: 755-768 plutons Mexico 6: 823-830; 7: 1010-1029; Labrador California : 1714-1722 10: 1550-1562 Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Chile : 1387-1404 Quebec 4: 475-483 laccoliths Himalayas 3: 364-374 Spain 12: 1897-1906 Arizona, geochemistry 1: 143-153 Massachusetts 2: 240-253 Sweden 4: 475-483 lacustrine environment see fluviolacustrine envi- Nova Scotia : 1773-1791 Texas 7: 1010-1029 ronment Spain 12: 1897-1906 Ukraine 4: 475-483 lacustrine sediments see lake sediments ring dikes Wales 4: 475-483 lahars California 4: 484-496 Israel Mexico, Quaternary 10: 1550-1562 Mexico 4: 607-619 ground water, Sea of Galilee 7: 1098-1102 New Zealand, Quaternary 1: 28-38; 5: 743-754 sills, Pacific Ocean 9 : 1294-1314 Ithaca Formation Lake Huron intrusive mountain see batholiths structural geology 2: 219-239 ground water 2: 177-188 Invertebrata see also Arthropoda; Brachiopoda; Jameson Land Lake Kinneret see Sea of Galilee Mollusca; Porifera; Protista tectonophysics 7: 1054-1068 Lake Lahontan New South Wales Australia, strati- joints California 12: 1739-1756 graphy 1: 52-70 Argentina, Quaternary 6: 934-948 Nevada 12: 1739-1756 Inyo County California Arizona, geomorphology 7: 949-959 Lake Lind hydrogeology 11: 1600-1616 New York 2: 219-239 Quaternary 9: 1371-1386 iron oxides Utah 6: 808-822 Lake Michigan Basin see Michigan Basin Wyoming, stratigraphy 9: 1405-1415 geomorphology 7: 949-959 Lake of the Woods irruption (intrusion) see intrusions Jordan Valley Quaternary 11: 1684-1699 island arcs ground water 7: 1098-1102 lake sediments California, crust 8: 1217-1232 Juan de Fuca Ridge Michigan, ground water 2: 177-188 Cuba, geochemistry 11: 1581-1599 metamorphism 9: 1294-1314 Minnesota, Quaternary : 1371-1386 isostasy Jurassic Wisconsin, Quaternary : 1371-1386 Manitoba, Quaternary 11: 1684-1699 China 5: 709-724; 5: 725-742 Wyoming, Quaternary : 1233-1249 isostatic rebound see also glacial rebound Hettangian, Alaska 10: 1537-1549 Lake Taupo California 12: 1739-1756 New Mexico 6: 849-868 Quaternary : 1435-1447 Nevada, Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 Pliensbachian, England 12: 1823-1840 Lake Tiberias see Sea of Galilee isotopes see also lead; neodymium; strontium Talkeetna Formation 10: 1537-1549 Lake Vostok C-13/C-12 K see potassium hydrology 2: 254-263 Appalachians 12: 1841-1860 K-feldspar Lake Washington California 10: 1448-1467 China, tectonophysics 11: 1644-1664 structural geology : 1042-1053 Israel 7: 1098-1102 Colorado, Quaternary 12: 1876-1883 Lake Winnipeg Mexico 7: 1010-1029 K/Ar Quaternary : 1684-1699 Mississippian 7: 960-973 California, petrology 10: 1448-1467 Lake Winnipegosis Texas 7: 1010-1029 Nova Scotia, geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 Quaternary : 1684-1699 1914 Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 lake-level changes * margin, continental lake-level changes lithogeochemistry see a/so metamorphic rocks; Maestrichtian California, Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 metasomatism; sedimentary rocks India 9: 1315-1334 Colorado, diagenesis 8: 1175-1191 Arizona 1: 143-153 Nepal 9: 1315-1334 Manitoba, Quaternary 11: 1684-1699 California, crust 8: 1217-1232 Utah 9: 1315-1334 Nevada, Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 Chile, neotectonics 9: 1387-1404 Wyoming 9: 1315-1334 lakes see also glacial lakes Cuba 11: 1581-1599 magma chambers Antarctica, hydrology 2: 254-263 Hawaii, lava 5: 674-685 California, petrology 11: 1714-1722 Manitoba, Quaternary 11: 1684-1699 Maine 5: 686-708 Mexico, structural geology 4: 607-619 land canyons see canyons Malawi, structural geology 1: 123-142 magma transport landslides Mexico 6: 823-830 Turkey, geochemistry 8: 1192-1216 Argentina, Quaternary 6: 934-948 Northern Territory Australia, magmas see also fractional crystallization; Canary Islands 5: 755-768 metal ores 5: 663-673 magma chambers; magmatic differentiation Kyrgyzstan, neotectonics 11: 1665-1683 Nova Scotia : 1773-1791 Maine 5: 686-708 lanthanoans see rare earths Ontario, stratigraphy 2: 264-274 magmatic differentiation Laramide Orogeny Spain : 1897-1906 California, magmas 4: 484-496 New Mexico, orogeny 6: 849-868 lithosomes magmatism Las Palmas, Canary Islands see Canary Islands Spain, tectonics California, magmas 4: 484-496 last glacial maximum lithostratigraphy Greenland. tectonophysics 7: 1054-1068 Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 1: 91-103 Alberta, structural geology Hawaii, lava 5 : 674-685 Colorado, Quaternary 12: 1861-1875 Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 10: 1517-1536 Maine, geochemistry 5 : 686-708 lateral faults see right-lateral faults Arizona, neotectonics 9: 1350-1370 Mexico, tectonics 3: 347-363 latitude, paleo- see paleolatitude California 6: 919-933; 9: 1265-1293 Nevada, neotectonics 6: 886-905 Latvia neotectonics 9: 1350-1370 magnetic declination stratigraphy 4: 475-483 China, tectonics 5: 709-724 South Australia, stratigraphy 8: 1120-1139 Laurentia Ethiopia 6: 869-885 Spain, stratigraphy 8: 1155-1174 Alabama, tectonophysics 7: 1069-1079 Hawaii, lava 5: 674-685 magnetic inclination Argentina, tectonophysics 7: 1069-1079 Mexico : 1010-1029 Alaska, stratigraphy 1: 71-90 Mexico, geochemistry 6: 823-830 New Zealand, Quaternary 5: 743-754 South Australia, stratigraphy 8: 1120-1139 Oklahoma, tectonophysics 7: 1069-1079 Ontario 2: 264-274 Spain, stratigraphy 8: 1155-1174 plate tectonics 7: 974-991 South Australia 3: 1120-1139 magnetic intensity South Dakota, tectonophysics = 9: 1335-1349 Spain > 1155-1174 South Australia, stratigraphy 8: 1120-1139 Laurentian Plateau see Canadian Shield tectonics 3: 412-431 magnetic minerals Laurentide ice sheet Texas : 1010-1029 South Australia, stratigraphy 8: 1120-1139 Maine, Quaternary 4: 620-632 Wyoming, Quaternary : 1233-1249 magnetic susceptibility lava Lithuania Antarctic Ocean, Quaternary 1: 91-103 Antarctica, Quaternary 10: 1563-1580 stratigraphy 4: 475-483 Labrador, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Ethiopia, stratigraphy 869-885 Little Cranberry Island Newfoundland, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Hawaii awn : 674-685 geochemistry : 686-708 magnetism, paleo- see paleomagnetism Maine, geochemistry : 686-708 Llandoverian Magnetization see remanent magnetization Mexico, Quaternary r:w 2 04-218 Latvia : 475-483 magnetostratigraphy Lawrence County South Dakota Lithuania : 475-483 Alaska 1: 71-90 tectonophysics 9: 1335-1349 Quebec : 475-483 California : 1265-1293 lawsonite Sweden : 475-483 Ethiopia 6: 869-885 Venezuela, metamorphic rocks 6: 831-848 Ukraine : 475-483 South Australia §: 1120-1139 lead Wales : 475-483 Spain > 1155-1174 Colorado, Quaternary 12: 1876-1883 loess Maine Nova Scotia, geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 Alaska, stratigraphy : 71-90 geochemistry, Hancock County Pb-206/Pb-204, Mexico 6: 823-830 Colorado, Quaternary : 1861-1875; 12: Pb-207/Pb-204, Mexico 6: 823-830 1876-1883 Maine 5: 686-708 Pb-208/Pb-204, Mexico 6: 823-830 Los Pedroches Spain Quaternary, Washington County lead-lead see Pb/Pb geochemistry 12: 1897-1906 Maine 4: 620-632 lead-zinc deposits lower crust Malawi Colorado, diagenesis 8: 1175-1191 Spain, geochemistry 12: 1897-1906 structural geology 1: 123-142 Northern Territory Australia 5: 663-673 Lower Devonian see Helderberg Group; Mammalia Leg 146 see ODP Site 857 Oriskany Sandstone California, stratigraphy : 1265-1293 Leg 169 see ODP Site 858 Lower Jurassic see middle Liassic; Talkeetna Hominidae, Ethiopia 6: 869-885 lehm see loess Formation Mammuthus, Mexico 0: 1550-1562 leopoldite see sylvite lower Liassic see Hettangian Nevada, structural analysis 1: 11-27 leucogranite Lower Mississippian see Pocono Formation Wyoming, stratigraphy : 1405-1415 Himalayas, structural geology 3: 364-374 lower Neogene see Miocene Mammuthus Lihue Basin Lower Permian see Wolfcampian Mexico, Quaternary 10: 1550-1562 lava 5: 674-685 lower Pliocene see Gilbert Chron Mammuthus columbi limestone see also coquina Lower Silurian see Llandoverian; Wenlockian Quaternary 10: 1550-1562 Colorado 8: 1175-1191 Lower Triassic see Permian-Triassic boundary Mandibulata see Crustacea; Insecta geomorphology 8: 1250-1255 Ludlovian Mangatoetoenui Glacier New Mexico Latvia 4: 475-483 Quaternary 5: 743-754 Texas Lithuania 4: 475-483 Manitoba Western Australia, Proterozoic Quebec 4: 475-483 Quaternary, Lake Winnipeg : 1684-1699 liquefaction Sweden 4: 475-483 mantle see also asthenosphere geologic hazards 10: 1424-1434 Ukraine 4: 475-483 California, Quaternary 2: 1739-1756 liquid inclusions see fluid inclusions Wales 4: 475-483 Colorado Plateau 1: 154-157 listric faults macaluba see mud volcanoes Nevada, Quaternary 12: 1739-1756 Nevada 1: 11-27 macerals see vitrinite margin, continental see continental margin Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999 Marie Byrd Land ¢« Miocene SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 111 Marie Byrd Land metamorphic core complexes metasomatism Quaternary 10: 1563-1580 Nevada hydrothermal alteration marine sedimentation see glaciomarine sedimen- neotectonics 6: 886-905 Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 tation structural analysis 1: 11-27 Pacific Ocean 9: 1294-1314 marine sediments metamorphic processes see metamorphism Turkey, geochemistry 8: 1192-1216 Antarctic Ocean, Quater- metamorphic rocks see also blueschist facies; metasomatites see metasomatic rocks nary 1: 91-103; 10: 1486-1516; metasomatic rocks; ophiolite metaturbidite see turbidite 10: 1517-1536 Argentina, Quaternary 6: 934-948 metavolcanic rocks Antarctica, Quaternary 10: 1563-1580 augen gneiss, British Columbia 4: 560-577 California 11: 1714-1722 Arctic Ocean, Cenozoic 12: 1792-1807 California 10: 1448-1467 crust 8: 1217-1232 Labrador, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 hydrogeology 11: 1600-1616 Chile, neotectonics 9: 1387-1404 New Zealand, neotectonics 4: 538-559 eclogite Massachusetts, geochemistry 2: 240-253 Newfoundland, Quaternary 11: 1700-1713 Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 Meteorite Bore Member Pacific Ocean, metamorphism 9: 1294-1314 Oman 1: 104-122 Proterozoic 2: 189-203 Marinoan United Arab Emirates 1: 104-122 methane stratigraphy 8: 1120-1139 gneisses, Massachusetts 2: 240-253 Appalachians, geochemistry 12: 1841-1860 Maritime Provinces see Nova Scotia Himalayas, structural geology 3: 364-374 Mexico see also Cupido Formation marl metagranite geochemistry England, stratigraphy 12: 1823-1840 Chihuahua Mexico 6: 823-830 British Columbia 4: 560-577 Spain, stratigraphy 8: 1155-1174 Sierra Madre Occidental 6: 823-830 Massachusetts 2: 240-253 Marlboro Gneiss Quaternary, Popocatepetl 2: 204-218; 10: metapelite, Nevada 1: 39-51 geochemistry 2: 240-253 1550-1562 metaplutonic rocks Marlborough Fault structural geology, Baja California Norte Mex- British Columbia 4: 560-577 neotectonics 4: 538-559 ico 4: 607-619 California 11: 1714-1722 marlstone see marl tectonics, Sierra Madre Occidental 3: 347-363 Massachusetts 2: 240-253 mass extinctions mica group see biotite; glauconite metasedimentary rocks New South Wales Australia, strati- Michigan see also Michigan Basin; Saint Peter graphy 1: 52-70 California 6: 919-933; 8: 1217-1232; Sandstone mass movements see debris flows; lahars; land- 11: 1714-1722 ground water slides Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 Arenac County Michigan 2: 177-188 Massachusetts Nova Scotia | tN 1773-1791 Bay County Michigan 2: 177-188 geochemistry 2: 240-253 metavolcanic rocks Tuscola County Michigan 2: 177-188 meanders California 8: 1217-1232; 11: 1714-1722 Michigan Basin Arizona 7: 949-959 Chile 9: 1387-1404 plate tectonics 7: 974-99] Montana 2: 291-303 Massachusetts 2: 240-253 sedimentary petrology 11: 1723-1738 Utah 7: 949-959 mylonites Michigan Lower Peninsula see Arenac County mechanical weathering Malawi 1: 123-142 Michigan; Bay County Michigan; Tuscola Colorado 2: 304-314 Nevada 1: 11-27; 6: 886-905 County Michigan megabreccia orthogneiss, British Columbia 4: 560-577 microcline Arizona, neotectonics 9: 1350-1370 South Dakota, tectonophysics 9: 1335-1349 Northern Territory Australia, California, neotectonics 9: 1350-1370 metamorphism metal ores 5: 663-673 Meguma Terrane British Columbia, structural geo- mid-ocean ridges see Juan de Fuca Ridge geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 logy 4: 560-577 mid-oceanic ridges see mid-ocean ridges melange burial metamorphism, Nevada 1: 39-51 Midcontinent see Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; California, crust 8: 1217-1232 California 10: 1448-1467; 11: 1714-1722 Michigan; Wisconsin Oman, tectonics 1: 104-122 crust 8: 1217-1232 Middle East see also Israel; Turkey Turkey, geochemistry 8: 1192-1216 Massachusetts, geochemistry 2: 240-253 ground water United Arab Emirates, tectonics 1: 104-122 Oman, tectonics 1: 104-122 Dead Sea 7: 1098-1102 Melville Island Pacific Ocean 9: 1294-1314 Dead Sea Rift 7: 1098-1102 geochemistry 4: 578-589 polymetamorphism, Nevada 1: 39-5] middle Liassic see Pliensbachian Mendocino fracture zone prograde metamorphism, Vene- Middle Ordovician see Saint Peter Sandstone; petrology 10: 1448-1467 zuela 6: 831-848 Trentonian Mesozoic see also Cretaceous; Jurassic; Triassic regional metamorphism, Himalayas 3: 364-374 midoceanic ridges see mid-ocean ridges California 8: 1217-1232 retrograde metamorphism migration (seismic) see seismic migration Canada 7: 1103-1106; 9: Milankovitch forcing see orbital forcing Malawi 1: 123-142 1416-1422 Mineral County Colorado see also Creede Venezuela 6: 831-848 Cuba 11: 1581-1599 mining district United Arab Emirates, tectonics 1: 104-122 Franciscan Complex, petrology 10: 1448-1467 frost action 2: 304-314 metapelite Greenland 7: 1054-1068 mineral deposits, genesis see hydrothermal alter- Nevada, structural geology 1: 39-51 Navajo Sandstone, geomorphology 7: 949-959 ation; ore-forming fluids Newark Supergroup, petroleum 2: 275-290 metaplutonic rocks mineral sequence see paragenesis United States 7: 1103-1106; 9: British Columbia, structural geo- Minle Basin 1416-1422 logy 4: 560-577 structural geology 5: 725-742 &*® meta-ophiolite see ophiolite California 11: 1714-1722 Minnesota i meta-turbidite see turbidite Massachusetts, geochemistry 2: 240-253 Quaternary metagranite metasedimentary rocks sce also metapelite Chisago County Minnesota 9: 1371-1386 British Columbia, structural geo- California 11: 1714-1722 Kanabec County Minnesota 9: 1371-1386 logy 4: 560-577 crust 8: 1217-1232 Pine County Minnesota 9: 1371-1386 Massachusetts, geochemistry 2: 240-253 Paleozoic 6: 919-933 Miocene metal ores see base metals; lead-zinc deposits; Colorado Plateau 4: 590-606 California 10: 1448-1467 silver ores Nova Scotia, geochemistry 12: 1773-1791 China 11: 1644-1664 metals see alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; metasomatic rocks Ethiopia 6: 869-885 lead; rare earths Pacific Ocean 9: 1294-1314 Himalayas 3: 364-374 1916 Geological Society of America Bulletin, December 1999