Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series Editors: William Cartwright, Georg Gartner, Liqiu Meng, Michael P. Peterson For furthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7418 . Leszek Litwin Maciej Rossa l Geoinformation Metadata in INSPIRE and SDI Understanding. Editing. Publishing LeszekLitwin MaciejRossa InstituteofSpatialandCadastral GeneralDirectorateforEnvironmental Systems Protection Dworcowa56 Wawelska52/54 44-100Gliwice 00-922Warsaw Poland Poland [email protected] [email protected] ISSN1863-2246 e-ISSN1863-2351 ISBN978-3-642-15861-2 e-ISBN978-3-642-15862-9 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-15862-9 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011932430 # Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:deblik Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface On May 15, 2007, Directive 2007/2/EC by European Parliament and the Council enteredintoforceonestablishmentofEuropeanSpatialDataInfrastructure(ESDI). The assumptionis that ESDI is tobe the sum ofNational Spatial Data Infrastruc- tures.OneofthefirststagesofbuildingtheESDIistheestablishmentbyMember Statesofmetadataforspatialdataseries,collectionsandservices,inspecifiedand legallysanctionedterms. Metadata, defined as “data on data”, shall serve a number of purposes in the ESDI,amongstothersbeingthepublicationofinformationonspatialdataresources made available under SDI by many institutions, including governmental ones. Additionally, establishment of metadata allows inventorying of spatial data resources and related services, and makes them more accessible to citizens of MemberStates(aswellasInternetusers). Resourcesofspatialdatahaveahugevalue,whichisalsocommercial.Basedon a EU report during the early twenty-first century spatial data constitutes 60–80% baseforissuanceofadministrativedecisions.Furthermorespatialdataisrequiredin public safety, spatial administration, planning, transport, business, as well as militaryandintelligencesectors. Although the commercial value of spatial data is estimated in the billions of Euro,stilltheaccesstospatialdataisinhibitedduetohithertohighlydifficultways ofmakingsuchdataavailable.Describingspatialdatausingmetadatashouldthen allow more efficient and cost-effective utilization and management of such resources. Creation of metadata also requires familiarization with relevant ISO standards (series 19100), Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards, and World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards. It also, or perhaps most of all, requires understanding of the role and significance of metadata to all persons utilizing – consciouslyornot–theresourcesofspatialdata. v vi Preface Ourobjectivewastodiscusscertainimportantmattersconcerningmetadata–we hope we have achieved this objective. We hope that information included in this bookshallhelpyouto“understand,editandpublishgeoinformationmetadata”. Gliwice,Poland LeszekLitwin Warsaw,Poland MaciejRossa Acknowledgements Wewishtoofferourthankstoallthepeoplewhocontributedtothisbook,mostof all the Authors of publications quoted here and persons with whom we had opportunitytodiscussthesubjectofmetadata. SpecialthanksareinordertoMs.UrszulaMiziaandMr.PawełCzepelak. vii . Contents 1 Metadata .................................................................... 1 WhatIsMetadata ............................................................ 1 DefinitionofMetadata ...................................................... 3 MetadatainGeoinformation(Geomatics) .................................. 4 TypesofMetadata ........................................................... 6 TheRoleofMetadatainGeoinformation ................................... 7 SpatialDataInfrastructure ................................................ 7 TheBenefitsoftheUseofMetadatainGeoinformation ................... 9 ResponsibilitiesoftheCreationofGeoinformationMetadata ............ 10 MetadataintheEuropeanInfrastructureforSpatialInformation INSPIRE ................................................................. 10 MetadatainthePolishSpatialDataInfrastructure ........................ 30 IntroductiontoPSDI ..................................................... 30 ExistingNationalLawsRelatingtoMetadata .......................... 30 2 StandardsandInteroperability .......................................... 39 WhyDoWeUseStandards? ............................................... 39 Standards,Norms,Specifications .......................................... 39 StandardandNorm ...................................................... 40 Specification ............................................................. 41 ToWhomforaStandard ................................................... 42 StandardisationOrganisationsintheFieldofGeoinformation (Geomatics) .............................................................. 43 HowGeoinformationStandardsAreDeveloped ........................... 48 OGCSpecificationsorISO19100 ......................................... 64 ISO19100SeriesofStandards .......................................... 65 OGCSpecifications ...................................................... 65 MetadataStandardsforGeoinformation ................................... 69 ISO19115:2003GeographicInformation:Metadata ................... 69 ix x Contents ISO/TS19139:2007GeographicInformation:Metadata:XML SchemaImplementation ................................................. 71 ISO19119:2005GeographicInformation:Services .................... 71 ISO19135:2005GeographicInformation:ProceduresforItem Registration .............................................................. 73 3 MetadataProfilesBasedonISO19115 .................................. 75 WhatIsaMetadataProfile ................................................. 75 TheStructureofMetadataProfiles ......................................... 76 TypesofMetadataElementsandEntities ................................. 77 Packages(Sections)ofMetadata ........................................... 78 TypesofMetadataPackages ............................................ 78 MetadataEntitiesintheISO19115Documented byOtherISOStandards ................................................. 78 DataTypesandTheirDomains ............................................ 83 ExtensionsofMetadataProfiles ......................................... 85 ExamplesofMetadataProfiles ............................................. 87 MandatoryMetadataProfileAccordingtoISO19115Standard ....... 87 BaseProfile(Core)ofISOMetadataforSpatialDatasets .............. 87 INSPIREMetadataProfile ................................................. 88 4 MetadataDescriptionLanguages ........................................ 99 WhatIstheXML ........................................................... 99 XMLSchema ............................................................... 99 XMLSchemaandMetadataDocuments .................................. 100 XMLSchemaandISO19139 ............................................. 106 OtherApplicationsofXML ............................................... 106 ApplicationsoftheXMLtoMetadata .................................... 106 GML .................................................................... 106 5 ApplicationsforCreatingandPublishingGeoinformation Metadata ................................................................. 113 MetadataEditors .......................................................... 113 RequirementsforMetadataEditor ..................................... 113 ReviewandComparisonofSelectedMetadataEditors ................ 115 RequirementsforMetadataCatalogs ................................... 122 ExamplesofMetadataCatalogs ........................................ 123 6 HowtoProperlyCreateMetadata ..................................... 127 PrinciplesandGoodPracticesforCreatingMetadata .................... 127 RegulatoryCompliance ................................................. 128 WhatResourcesShouldBeDescribedbyMetadata ................... 129 StagesofMetadataCreationPhase ....................................... 130 TypesofMetadataElements .............................................. 131