Spec SD1 Date 26-july GeoGraphy in ClaSSiCal antiquity What were the limits of knowledge of the physical world in Greek and roman antiquity? how far did travellers reach and what did they know about far-away regions? how did they describe foreign countries and peoples? how did they measure the earth, and dis- tances and heights upon it? Did they use maps? ideas about the physical and cultural world are the key to understanding ancient history, but until now there has been no up-to-date introduction to ancient geography. employing a variety of sources – philosoph- ical and scientific texts, poems and travelogues, papyri and visual evidence – this book explores the origins and development of geo- graphical ideas in classical antiquity and the techniques for describ- ing landscape, topography and ethnography. daniela dueck is a Senior lecturer in the Departments of history and Classical Studies at Bar ilan university. She is the author of Strabo of Amasia: A Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome (2000) and co-editor (with hugh lindsay and Sarah pothecary) of Strabo’s Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia (2005). She is interested in ancient geography and ethnography and is cur- rently conducting a research project on geographical fragments sup- ported by the israel Science Foundation. kai brodersen is president of the university of erfurt and holds the Chair of ancient Culture. he has published extensively on clas- sical inscriptions, oracles and paradoxography and on Greek and roman historiography, geography and cartography. Key theMeS in anCient hiStory EDITORS p.a. Cartledge Clare College, Cambridge p.D.a. Garnsey Jesus College, Cambridge Key Themes in ancient history aims to provide readable, informed and original studies of various basic topics, designed in the first instance for students and teachers of Classics and ancient history, but also for those engaged in related disciplines. each volume is devoted to a general theme in Greek, roman, or where appropriate, Graeco-roman history, or to some salient aspect or aspects of it. Besides indicating the state of current research in the relevant area, authors seek to show how the theme is significant for our own as well as ancient culture and society. By providing books for courses that are oriented around themes it is hoped to encourage and stimulate promising new developments in teaching and research in ancient history. other books in the series Death-Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity, by ian Morris 978 0 521 37465 0 (hardback), 978 0 521 37611 4 (paperback) Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece, by rosalind Thomas 978 0 521 37346 8 (hardback), 978 0 521 37742 0 (paperback) Slavery and Society at Rome, by Keith Bradley 978 0 521 37287 9 (hardback), 978 0 521 36887 7 (paperback) Law, Violence, and Community in Classical Athens, by David Cohen 978 0 521 38167 3 (hardback), 978 0 521 38837 6 (paperback) Public Order in Ancient Rome, by Wilfried nippel 978 0 521 38327 7 (hardback), 978 0 521 38749 3 (paperback) Friendship in the Classical World, by David Konstan 978 0 521 45402 6 (hardback), 978 0 521 45998 2 (paperback) Sport and Society in Ancient Greece, by Mark Golden 978 0 521 49698 5 (hardback), 978 0 521 49790 6 (paperback) Food and Society in Classical Antiquity, by peter Garnsey 978 0 521 64182 9 (hardback), 978 0 521 64588 3 (paperback) Banking and Business in the Roman World, by Jean andreau 978 0 521 38031 6 (hardback), 978 0 521 38932 1 (paperback) Roman Law in Context, by David Johnston 978 0 521 630460 (hardback), 978 0 521 63961 1 (paperback) Religions of the Ancient Greeks, by Simon price 978 0 521 38201 7 (hardback), 978 0 521 38867 8 (paperback) Christianity and Roman Society, by Gillian Clark 978 0 521 63310 9 (hardback), 978 0 521 63386 9 (paperback) Trade in Classical Antiquity, by neville Morley 978 0 521 63279 9 (hardback), 978 0 521 63416 8 (paperback) Technology and Culture in Greek and Roman Antiquity, by Serafina Cuomo 9780 521 81073 9 (hardback), 9780 521 00903 4 (paperback) Law and Crime in the Roman World, by Jill harries 9780 521 82820 8 (hardback), 9780 521 53532 8 (paperback) The Social History of Roman Art, by peter Stewart 9780 521 81632 8 (hardback), 9780 521 01659 9 (paperback) Asceticism in the Graeco-Roman World, by richard Finn 9780 521 86281 3 (hardback), 9780 521 68154 4 (paperback) Ancient Greek Political Thought in Practice, by paul Cartledge 9780 521 45455 1 (hardback), 9780 521 45595 4 (paperback) Money in Classical Antiquity, by Sitta von reden 9780 521 45337 0 (hardback), 9780 521 45952 5 (paperback) An Environmental History of Ancient Greece and Rome, by lukas Thommen 9781 107 00216 6 (hardback), 9780 521 17465 7 (paperback) Geography in Classical Antiquity, by Daniela Dueck and Kai Brodersen 9780 521 19788 5 (hardback), 9780 521 12025 8 (paperback) GeoGr aphy in ClaSSiCal antiquity Daniela DueCK With a chapter by Kai BroDerSen CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, new york, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape town, Singapore, São paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge university press The edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, uK published in the united States of america by Cambridge university press, new york www.cambridge.org information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521120258 © Cambridge university press 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge university press. First published 2012 printed in the united Kingdom at the university press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library isbn 978-0-521-19788-5 hardback isbn 978-0-521-12025-8 paperback Cambridge university press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents List of figures page viii Acknowledgements ix Chronology x List of abbreviations xv 1 introduction 1 1.1 outline and goals 1 1.2 Formats, contexts and terminologies 6 1.3 Geography and politics 10 1.4 Greek and roman geography 16 2 Descriptive geography 20 2.1 epic, myth and poetry 20 2.2 The historiographic tradition 35 2.3 travelogues and curiosities 51 3 Mathematical geography 68 3.1 Shapes and sizes 68 3.2 The theory of climatic zones and ethno-geography 84 3.3 locating coordinates 90 4 Cartography 99 By Kai Brodersen 4.1 a pre-modern world 99 4.2 Descriptive and scientific cartography 102 4.3 Maps in the service of the state? 107 5 Geography in practice 111 5.1 The connection between experience and text 111 5.2 popular geographical knowledge 118 Bibliography 122 Index 136 vii Figures 1 The position of the four oikoumenai on the globe according to Crates of Mallus page 78 2 The five climatic zones 85 3 recording of position of land plots on a bronze plaque from lacimurga, Spain; AE 1990, 529. after Sáez Fernández, (1990), 207, by kind permission of pedro Sáez Fernandez. 104 4 a list of names of stations above an image of a wall, RIB ii 2, 2415.53. after S.S. Frere and r.S.o. tomlin, The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, vol. 2.2, Stroud and Wolfeboro Falls, 1991, 56, by kind permission of the trustees of the haverfield Bequest. 105 viii