Selected Papers from the GSP 272 Proceedings of Geo-Chicago 2016 Geo-Chicago 2016: Sustainable Materials and Resource Conservation EditEd by Krishna R. Reddy, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE; Nazli Yesiller, Ph.D.; Dimitrios Zekkos, Ph.D., P.E.; Arvin Farid, Ph.D., P.E.; and Anirban De, Ph.D., P.E. G E O T ECCH N IC ALL SPECIIA L PU BBL IC A T IOON N O . 2 7 2 GG --C 20016 EO HIICAGGO S M RR USTAAINABLEE ATTEERIALSS AND ESOUURCE C ONSSERVATTION SELECTEED PAPERRS FROMM SESSIONNS OF GEO-CHHICAGO 22016 Augustt 14–18, 20016 Chicago, Illinois SPONNSORED BYY Geo--Institute oof the American Socieety of Civiil Engineerrs EDDITED BY Krishhna R. Redddy, Ph.D.,, P.E., D.GGE Nazli YYesiller, Phh.D. DDimitrios ZZekkos, Ph.D., P.E. Arvin Faarid, Ph.D., P.E. Anirban De, Ph.D., P.E. 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Errata: Errata, if any, can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480151 Copyright © 2016 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-8015-1 (PDF) Manufactured in the United States of America. Geo-Chicago 2016 GSP 272 iii Preface Geo-engineers and geo-scientists have been playing a major role in providing, protecting, and preserving infrastructure and the environment. Many innovative technologies and practices are constantly being developed and implemented. Evolving global climate change and exploding world population are leading to major concerns such as extreme geohazards, increased environmental pollution, and rapid depletion of natural resources. These new challenges can be addressed with new and innovative concepts, materials, energy sources, technologies, and practices. Sustainability and resiliency have become essential in the development of new materials and infrastructure systems. Geo-Chicago 2016: Sustainability, Energy, and the Environment held in Chicago August 14-18, 2016, provided a unique opportunity to highlight recent advances, new directions, and opportunities for sustainable and resilient approaches to design and protect infrastructure and the environment. The Geo-Chicago 2016 Conference attracted a significant amount of interest and in the end more than 350 papers were accepted for publication. The papers are divided into five Geotechnical Special Publications (GSPs) that capture the multidisciplinary aspects and challenges of sustainability and resiliency, energy and the geoenvironment. The first GSP, Sustainability and Resiliency in Geotechnical Engineering, addresses major broad issues related to sustainability and resilience in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, including carbon sequestration as well as characterization, analysis, monitoring, and response to geohazards and natural disasters, including earthquakes and landslides. Advances in emerging technologies and materials such as bio-mediated soils and nanomaterials are also presented. The second GSP, Geotechnics for Sustainable Energy, tackles the new and innovative ways of storing and extracting energy in and from geotechnical media and structures such as shallow and deep ground, piles and foundations, and landfills. The second GSP also presents the challenges of the energy storage and extraction at the field and lab scales as well as its numerical and experimental modeling. The third GSP, Sustainable Geoenvironmental Systems, addresses recent advances in landfill engineering and geosynthetics used for geoenvironmental systems, as well as advances in sustainable barrier materials and systems. The third GSP also presents studies into slopes, dikes, and embankment, the application of ground improvement in geoenvironmental applications, and the geoengineering of mine wastes and industrial byproducts. © ASCE Geo-Chicago 2016 GSP 272 iv The fourth GSP, Sustainable Materials and Resource Conservation, describes the properties and applications of new, recycled, and residual materials, detailed/improved characterization of soils with laboratory and field testing methods, and effects of chemicals and other environmental factors on properties and behavior of soils. The fourth GSP also presents the approaches and use of modeling and simulations in geoengineering. The fifth GSP, Sustainable Waste Management and Remediation, addresses various aspects of remediation, contaminated materials, containment, policy, and education. In addition, international perspectives are included to provide further context on challenges and innovations in geoenvironmental engineering on a global scale. Following standards of practice of the Geo-Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers, each paper published in these Geotechnical Special Publication (GSPs) was peer reviewed by at least two anonymous, qualified, technical reviewers (and in some cases three or four reviewers) and selected for publication by the proceedings editors. An advanced document management service was utilized in order to assure anonymity and maintain uniformity of standards. As such, the papers contained in these proceedings are eligible for discussion in the ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering and for ASCE awards. The Editors Nazli Yesiller, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, Global Waste Research Institute / California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Dimitrios Zekkos, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, University of Michigan Arvin Farid, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Boise State University Anirban De, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Manhattan College Krishna R. Reddy, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE, F.ASCE, University of Illinois at Chicago © ASCE Geo-Chicago 2016 GSP 272 v Acknowledgments The success of Geo-Chicago 2016 is credited to the session chairs and authors of the technical papers and also plenary session presenters for their valuable contributions to the geotechnical literature. The commendable quality of the Conference’s technical content and these proceedings are also the result of the efforts of the hundreds of reviewers. We thank the session chairs, authors and reviewers for generously contributing their valuable time and expertise, in many cases, under time pressure and demanding deadlines. The following individuals served as the conference program committee. They deserve special acknowledgment and recognition for their extraordinary efforts in making this Conference a reality and a resounding success: • Conference Chair – Krishna R. Reddy, University of Illinois at Chicago • Conference Co-Chair/Workshops Co-Chair – Nazli Yesiller, Global Waste Research Institute / California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo • Technical Program Chairs – Dimitrios Zekkos, University of Michigan; Arvin Farid, Boise State University and Anirban De, Manhattan College • Short Courses Chair – Michael A. Malusis, Bucknell University • Workshops Chair – James L. Hanson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo • Technical Tours/Social Program Co-Chairs – Doug Hermann, Independent Consultant; and Dhooli Raj, Collins Engineers, Inc. • Sponsorships and Exhibits Co-Chairs – Carsten H. Floess, AECOM and Charles Wilk, ALLU Group, Inc. • G-I TCC Liaison – Susan E. Burns, Georgia Institute of Technology The Editors sincerely appreciates the help and patience of Ms. Helen Cook and Mr. Brad Keelor of Geo-Institute of the ASCE for their help in managing the paper submissions and organization of the conference. We hope that these GSPs will serve as valuable references to all working in geoengineering. The Editors Nazli Yesiller, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, Global Waste Research Institute / California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Dimitrios Zekkos, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, University of Michigan Arvin Farid, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Boise State University Anirban De, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Manhattan College Krishna R. Reddy, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE, F.ASCE, University of Illinois at Chicago © ASCE Geo-Chicago 2016 GSP 272 vi LIST OF SESSION CHAIRS B. Munwar Basha Ehsan Ghazanfari Abouzar Sadrekarimi Giuseppe Buscarne Pradeep Kurup Ming Xiao Bora Cetin Arif Ali Baig Moghal Lianyang Zhang Majid Ghayoomi Robert Reinhart LIST OF REVIEWERS Tarek Abichou Majid Ghayoomi Abu Mohammed Ahmed Alnuaim Ehsan Ghazanfari Tim Newson Mosleh Al-Shamrani Raj Gondle Trung Ngo Ramanathan Ayothiraman Anasua GuhaRay Scott Olson Umashankar Balunaini Edward Hajduk Abdolreza Osouli Munwar Basha B, Sr. Manouchehr Hakhamaneshi Luís Pais Dipanjan Basu Sumanta Haldar Anbazhagan Panjamani Mohammed Bazne Mustafa Hatipoglu Maria Peraki Jean Benoit Liangbo Hu Anand Puppala Vidya Bhushan Maji Pegah Jarast Daniel Ruffing L. Sebastian Bryson Maheshwari K Vinod S Guojun Cai Ali Khosravi Abouzar Sadrekarimi Robert Caulk Kouzer Km Pijush Samui Robert Caulk Prabir Kolay Sireesh Saride John Christian Anitha Kumari Inthuorn Sasanakul Mehmet Cil Suganya Kuppuswamy Ali Soleimanbeigi Muawia Dafalla Pradeep Kurup Vandana Sreedharan John Daniels Thomas Lardner Junliang Tao Arghya Das Lin Li James Tinjum Eshan Dave Hai Lin Nathalie Touze Asli Yalcin Dayioglu Jose Lizarraga Erol Tutumluer Melih Demirkan Priti Maheswari Rafael Villamor Lora Paul Destefano Ferdinando Marinelli Yuanchang Xie Mandar Dewoolkar John McCartney Tzuyang Yu Yi Dong Michael Mcguire Xinbao Yu Tamer Elkady Jay Meraani Xiong Yu Jongwan Eun Constance Mihalache Nan Zhang Jeffrey Evans Morteza Mirshekari Yida Zhang Sarah Gassman Arif Moghal © ASCE Geo-Chicago 2016 GSP 272 vii Contents New, Recycled, and Residual Materials: Properties A Study on the Effect of Oxide Compositions on the Compressive Strength Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete ................................................................. 1 M. Srinivasula Reddy, P. Dinakar, B. Hanumantha Rao, B. K. Satpathy, and A. N. Mohanty Engineering Properties of Foamed Recycled Glass as a Lightweight Fill ........... 11 Robert H. Swan Jr., Seungcheol Yeom, Kurt J. Sjoblom, Timothy D. Stark, and Archie Filshill Evaluation of the Compaction Characteristics of Untreated and Treated Red Mud ............................................................................................................................ 23 N. Gangadhara Reddy and B. Hanumantha Rao An Experimental Study on Stone Dust and EPS Beads Based Material ............. 33 Vaishali R. Marjive and B. Ram Rathan Lal Geotechnical Properties of Aged Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash .............................................................................................................................. 42 Yibo Zhang, William J. Likos, Ali Soleimanbeigi, Jiannan Chen, and Tuncer B. Edil Improvement of the Geotechnical Properties of Sandy Soil Using Shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastes ............................................................. 52 Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri and Alex O. Ozegbe The Shear Strength of “Tunable” Clay-Polymer Composite under Various Ionic Concentrations .................................................................................. 61 Bijoy K. Halder and Angelica M. Palomino Stockpiling Recycled Concrete Aggregate: Changes in Physical Properties and Leachate Characteristics Due to Carbonation and Aging ............................. 73 Aiyoub Abbaspour, Burak F. Tanyu, Bora Cetin, and Michael C. Brown The Use of Sodium Pyrophosphate to Improve a Translucent Clay Simulate ..................................................................................................................... 83 Ryan D. Beemer, Elliese Shaughnessy, Kristen R. Ewert, Nicholas Boardman, Giovanna Biscontin, Charles P. Aubeny, and Francisco J. Grajales © ASCE Geo-Chicago 2016 GSP 272 viii New, Recycled, and Residual Materials: Applications Coast Guard Airport Rigid Pavement Rehabilitation and Storm Water Mitigation .................................................................................................................. 94 J. Amendolara, B. Wolhaupter, E. Bogdan, B. Johannsen, J. Kramb, Hudson Jackson, and Kassim Tarhini The Complete Recycling of Waste Concrete to Produce Geopolymer Concrete ................................................................................................................... 103 Xin Ren and Lianyang Zhang Effects of Shredded Rubber Tires on Bean Growth When Used as a Fill Material in Local Memphis Area Loess ......................................................... 112 Andrew Assadollahi, Jodie Crocker, and Brian Harris Fly Ash and GGBS Mixtures for Geotechnical and Geo-Environmental Applications ............................................................................................................. 121 Anil Kumar Sharma and P. V. Sivapullaiah Improving Fine Dredge Material for Use as Fill Material .................................. 131 Andrew F. Lund, Curtis Cammack, and David A. Saftner Innovative Cellular Confinement Systems for Retaining Walls ......................... 139 G. S. Manju and G. Madhavi Latha Optimum Base Width of Gravity Retaining Walls of Narrow Backfilled with Recycled Materials ......................................................................................... 149 B. Munwar Basha, Shaik Moin Ahmed, Arif Ali Baig Moghal, and Kandukuri Shanker The Sustainable Application of Fly Ash in Bridge Abutments ........................... 159 Vahid Alizadeh The Sustainable Use of Plastic Waste in Engineering and Sewer Pipe Applications ............................................................................................................. 167 Naji N. Khoury Laboratory Characterization: Engineering Properties A Review on the Influence of Rock Quarry Dust on Geotechnical Properties of Soil .............................................................................. 179 Malaya Chetia and Asuri Sridharan A Systematic Approach towards the Assessment of Sand Bed Preparation Using the Air Pluviation Technique ...................................................................... 191 Priyanka Ghosh, V. Srinivasan, and Shubham Srivastava © ASCE Geo-Chicago 2016 GSP 272 ix An Equation Describing the Shear Modulus of Unsaturated Soil ..................... 201 Corrie Walton-Macaulay, L. Sebastian Bryson, and Brock Kidd Cohesionless Soil Fabric and Shear Strength at Low Confining Pressures ...... 212 Katherine E. Winters, Oliver-Denzil S. Taylor, Woodman W. Berry, Wesley R. Rowland, and Mark D. Antwine Deformation and Degradation of Railroad Granular Layers under High Frequency Cyclic Loading and the Benefits of Using Geosynthetics ................. 222 Sanjay Nimbalkar, Buddhima Indraratna, and M. Mahdi Biabani Dependency of a Small-Strain Shear Modulus on Suction Stress ...................... 233 Yi Dong and Ning Lu The Development and Evaluation of a Time Domain Reflectometry Probe for Soil Moisture and Suction Measurement ....................................................... 242 Xinbao Yu, Nan Zhang, and Anand J. Puppala Effect of Dust Ratios on the Strength of Aggregates with Low Plasticity Fines ......................................................................................................................... 253 Abdolreza Osouli, Sajjad Salam, Erol Tutumluer, Sheila Beshears, and Stefan Flynn Effect of Temperatures on the Dynamic Properties of Asphaltic Core for an Earth Dam ............................................................................................................... 266 Emad Gheibi, Inthuorn Sasanakul, Maria V. Sanin, and Humberto Puebla Experimental Measurement of the Permeability of Calcareous Sands in the South China Sea ...................................................................................................... 276 Yin Wang, Yubin Ren, and Qing Yang Experimental Study on Steel-Wire-Mesh Reinforced Flexible Pavements ....... 287 G. Narendra Goud, C. Hariprasad, and B. Umashankar Infrared Oven for the Determination of Soil Moisture Content ........................ 297 S. T. C. So, T. M. F. Lau, and T. H. H. Hui Small- to Large-Strain Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Sand-Tyre Crumb Mixtures ..................................................................................................... 305 P. Anbazhagan and D. R. Manohar Small-Strain Shear Modulus Model for Saturated and Unsaturated Soils ....... 316 Yi Dong, John S. McCartney, and Ning Lu Undrained Strength Characterization of Compacted Earthen Embankment Core Material .......................................................................................................... 326 Robert V. Rinehart and Eric A. Bergstrom © ASCE