Aviation / Security Management B General e After 9/11, the initial focus from the U.S. government, media, and the public n was on security at commercial airports and aboard commercial airlines. Soon, n investigation revealed the hijackers had trained at flight schools operating out y Aviation Security of general aviation airports, leading to a huge outcry by the media and within the government to mandate security regulations for this flight sector. General Aviation Security: Aircraft, Hangars, Fixed-Base Operations, Flight Schools, and Airports examines the threats against general aviation (GA) and presents G Aircraft, Hangars, Fixed-Base Operations, resources for security professionals and GA airport owners and operators to e develop an impenetrable airport and aircraft security plan. Flight Schools, and Airports n Following an overview of general aviation and its inherent security threats, the book explores: e • Physical security for the aviation environment, including intrusion r detection systems, cameras, locks, lighting, and window security a • The security force, including recruitment and training l • Security of general aviation aircraft and airports, including runway A security and fuel storage • Airport safety regulations such as the Workers Protection Act and v the Bloodborne Pathogens Act i a • Emergency response to a range of scenarios, including medical emergencies, fires, gas leaks, and bomb threats ti • The security of hangars, fixed-base operations, and flight schools o • Corporate aviation security departments n The book concludes with a study involving the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) Airport Watch Program and the Transportation Security S Administration (TSA) security requirements and recommendations for e general aviation. c General aviation supports public safety, business, agriculture, commercial airports, u aeronautical education, and many aspects of the aviation industry. The book is the r first to explore the unique security concerns relevant to general aviation operations. i t y Daniel J. Benny, Ph.D. K14805 ISBN: 978-1-4665-1087-6 90000 www.crcpress.com 9 781466 510876 w w w. c r c p r e s s . c o m K14805 cvr mech.indd 1 7/17/12 12:02 PM General Aviation Security Aircraft, Hangars, Fixed-Base Operations, Flight Schools, and Airports General Aviation Security Aircraft, Hangars, Fixed-Base Operations, Flight Schools, and Airports Daniel J. Benny, Ph.D. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120518 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-1088-3 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, micro- filming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www. copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750- 8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identi- fication and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com 1997–2012 This book is dedicated to the memory of my beloved dog Magnum, who was by my side each day during the writing of this book. CONTENTS Foreword xvii Acknowledgments xix About the Author xxi 1 General Aviation 1 General Aviation Aircraft 1 General Aviation Airports 4 Fixed-Base Operator 5 Flight Schools 6 Importance of General Aviation 7 Public Safety 7 Business 9 Agriculture 10 Economic Development 10 Feeder Airport 10 Promotion of Aviation and Education 11 Personal Use 12 The Threat from General Aviation 12 Bibliography 14 2 The Security Threat to General Aviation 17 Security Threats Against Individuals in the Aviation Environment 17 Security Threats Against Aircraft 17 Security Threats Against General Aviation Airports 19 Security Threats Against Hangars 19 Security Threats Against the Fixed- Base Operation 20 Security Threats Against the Flight School 20 Security Threat from Terrorists Using General Aviation Aircraft 20 Terrorism and Counterterrorism 23 Terrorism 23 Terrorist Categories 24 Typical Profile of a Terrorist 24 Organizational Structure of Terrorist Groups 24 vii Contents U.S. Domestic Terrorist Threat 25 U.S. Foreign Terrorist Threat 26 Counterterrorism 26 Use of Profiling for Counterterrorism 26 Signs of Terrorism 27 International Terrorist Organizations 29 Bibliography 30 3 Physical Security for the Aviation Environment 31 Introduction 31 Deter Entry 31 Delay Entry 31 Detect Entry 32 Intrusion Detections System 32 Electromagnetic Contacts 33 Photoelectrics 34 Lasers 34 Glass Breakage 34 Pressure 34 Vibration 34 Audio 35 Ultrasonics 35 Microwaves 35 Passive Infrared 35 Capacitance Proximity 36 Integrated Fire Protection Sensors 36 Duel- Chamber Smoke Detector 37 Rate- of- Rise Heat Detector 37 Natural Gas and Carbon Monoxide Detectors 37 Water Flow 37 Security Cameras 37 Lens/Camera 38 Transmission of the Signal 38 Monitoring 38 Digital Recording 38 Motion Detection 39 Determining Total System Cost of the Security System 39 System Design Cost 40 System Installation Cost 40 viii