Crack the trishna’s S CIVIL E ENGINEERING I R GRADUATE APTITUDE TE ST IN ENGINEERING SERIES 2018 E This book has been prepared by a group of faculty who are highly experienced in training GATE S CIVIL candidates and are also subject matter experts. As a result, this book will serve as a one-stop solution for any GATE aspirant looking to crack the examination. ENGINEERING The book is divided into three parts covering C General Aptitude Engineering Mathematics Civil Engineering r Coverage is as per the syllabus prescribed for GATE and topics are handled comprehensively; beginning from a Also Helpful for GAIL, BARC, HPCL, BHEL, the basics and progressing step – by – step, supported by an ample number of solved and unsolved problems. c ONGC, SAIL, DRDO & Other PSU’s Extra care has been taken to present the content in a modular and systematic manner – to facilitate easy k understanding of all topics. t h WHAT THE FACULTIES SAY ABOUT THIS BOOK... e The book covers complete syllabus of GATE civil engineering. The topics are explained appropriately along with sufficient variety of problems for practice. S Dr. Narendra Dev, HOD, Department of Civil Engineering , Delhi Technological University, New Delhi E R The pedagogy of the book is good and the coverage of topics is as per latest GATE syllabus. The language used in book is I 2 0 1 8 lucid and understandable for students. E Dr. A K Gupta, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi S The coverage in book is as per latest GATE syllabus and the language used is simple and easy to understand. Online Courses Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Choudhary, HOD, Department of Civil Engineering , JECRC Foundation, Jaipur, Rajasthan EC The language of book is simple and easy to understand. Sufficient illustrations are given in the book which will help students to NI AVAILABLE NOW understand the concepts. Also enough variety of problems are given in book as per GATE exam. V G Look inside Dr. Purushothama CT, Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Sahyadri College of I for exciting offers Engineering & Management, Mangalore IL N H I G H L I G H T S crack the gate series E e E h Maximum Coverage/Explanations/Illustrations as per R t Latest Syllabus I k N 1300+ Solved Problems and 5000+ Practice Questions c G Elaborated Question Bank Covering Previous 12 Years' a GATE Question Papers r Unit-wise Time-bound Tests 2018 C 2017 GATE Online Papers with Topic-wise Analysis www.pearson.co.in CD CONTAINS AVAILABLE with CD SOLUTIONS ISBN 978-93-325-8199-9 AS e-book FOR EXERCISES trishna’s Includes Max. Free Online Mock Tests-5 Papers 9789332 581999 Log on to: https://goo.gl/4mXjwZ About Pearson Pearson is the world’s learning company, with presence across 70 countries worldwide. Our unique insights and world-class expertise comes from a long history of working closely with renowned teachers, authors and thought leaders, as a result of which, we have emerged as the preferred choice for millions of teachers and learners across the world. We believe learning opens up opportunities, creates fulfilling careers and hence better lives. We hence collaborate with the best of minds to deliver you class-leading products, spread across the Higher Education and K12 spectrum. Superior learning experience and improved outcomes are at the heart of everything we do. This product is the result of one such effort. Your feedback plays a critical role in the evolution of our products and you can contact us - [email protected]. We look forward to it. GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 1 5/24/2017 3:40:19 PM This page is intentionally left blank GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 2 5/24/2017 3:40:19 PM GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) Civil Engineering Trishna Knowledge Systems GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 3 6/27/2017 4:08:18 PM Copyright © 2017 Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd Published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd, CIN: U72200TN2005PTC057128, formerly known as(cid:3)TutorVista Global Pvt. Ltd, licensee of Pearson Education in South Asia. No part of this eBook may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the publisher’s prior written consent. This eBook may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. The publisher reserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time. ISBN: 9789332581999 eISBN: 9789332587892 Head Office: 15th Floor, Tower-B, World Trade Tower, Plot No. 1, Block-C, Sector-16, Noida 201 301,Uttar Pradesh, India. Registered Office: 4th Floor, Software Block, Elnet Software City, TS-140, Block 2 & 9, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India. Fax: 080-30461003, Phone: 080-30461060 www.pearson.co.in, Email: [email protected] GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 4 5/24/2017 3:40:20 PM Contents Preface ix Key Pedagogical Features x Syllabus: Civil Engineering xii Chapter-wise Analysis of Previous Years’ Papers xiv General Information about GATE xv Solved Papers 2017 xvii PART I General Aptitude 1.1 PART A Verbal Ability Chapter 1 Grammar 1.5 Chapter 2 Vocabulary 1.50 PART B Numerical Ability UNIT 1 Quantitative Aptitude 1.71 Chapter 1 Simple equationS 1.73 Chapter 2 Ratio–pRopoRtion–VaRiation 1.79 Chapter 3 numbeRS 1.85 Chapter 4 peRcentage, pRofit, and loSS 1.100 Chapter 5 Simple inteReSt and compound inteReSt 1.107 Chapter 6 aVeRageS, mixtuReS, and alligationS 1.113 Chapter 7 time and WoRk 1.120 Chapter 8 time and diStance 1.126 Chapter 9 indiceS, SuRdS, and logaRithmS 1.132 Chapter 10 quadRatic equationS 1.139 Chapter 11 inequalitieS 1.145 Chapter 12 pRogReSSionS 1.149 Chapter 13 peRmutationS and combinationS 1.155 Chapter 14 data inteRpRetation 1.163 UNIT 2 Reasoning 1.175 Chapter 1 numbeR and letteR SeRieS 1.177 Chapter 2 analogieS 1.183 Chapter 3 odd man out 1.186 Chapter 4 coding and decoding 1.189 GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 5 5/24/2017 3:40:20 PM vi | Contents Chapter 5 Blood Relations 1.193 Chapter 6 Venn diagRams 1.198 Chapter 7 seating aRRangements 1.202 Chapter 8 Puzzles 1.210 Chapter 9 CloCks and CalendaRs 1.223 PART II Engineering Mathematics 2.1 Chapter 1 CalCulus 2.3 Chapter 2 oRdinaRy diffeRential equations 2.33 Chapter 3 PaRtial diffeRential equations 2.58 Chapter 4 lineaR algeBRa 2.71 Chapter 5 PRoBaBility and statistiCs 2.88 Chapter 6 numeRiCal methods 2.119 PART III Civil Engineering 3.1 UNIT 1 Engineering Mechanics 3.3 Chapter 1 intRoduCtion—foRCes and equiliBRium 3.05 Chapter 2 fRee-Body diagRams—tRusses 3.17 Chapter 3 fRiCtion, CentRe of gRaVity, moment of ineRtia 3.30 Chapter 4 ReCtilineaR motion 3.54 Chapter 5 CuRVilineaR motion 3.78 Chapter 6 list of foRmulae 3.93 UNIT 2 Solid Mechanics 3.99 Chapter 1 simPle stResses and stRains 3.101 Chapter 2 ComPlex stResses, sheaR foRCe and Bending moment diagRams 3.113 Chapter 3 theoRy of stResses in Beams 3.132 Chapter 4 toRsion of shafts 3.144 Chapter 5 defleCtion of Beams 3.152 Chapter 6 Columns and stRuts 3.164 Chapter 7 stRain eneRgy 3.171 Chapter 8 fixed and PRoPPed CantileVeR Beams, and sheaR CentRe 3.175 UNIT 3 Structural Analysis 3.185 Chapter 1 deteRminaCy and indeteRminaCy 3.187 Chapter 2 methods of indeteRminate analysis 3.197 Chapter 3 analysis of tRusses 3.213 Chapter 4 ild and Rolling loads 3.223 Chapter 5 aRChes, CaBles, matRix methods 3.233 GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 6 6/27/2017 4:09:17 PM Contents | vii UNIT 4 Construction Materials and Management 3.251 Chapter 1 concRete and itS conStituentS 3.253 Chapter 2 Steel 3.266 Chapter 3 bRickS and moRtaR 3.270 Chapter 4 timbeR 3.277 Chapter 5 bitumen 3.284 Chapter 6 intRoduction to conStRuction management 3.287 Chapter 7 Rate analySiS, eStimation and StandaRd SpecificationS 3.290 Chapter 8 tendeRing and conStRuction contRactS 3.296 Chapter 9 pRoject planning and netWoRk analySiS 3.301 UNIT 5 Concrete Structures 3.315 Chapter 1 limit State method 3.317 Chapter 2 beamS 3.325 Chapter 3 StRength of Rc Section in SheaR, toRSion and bond 3.341 Chapter 4 SlabS, columnS and footingS 3.351 Chapter 5 pReStReSSed concRete 3.364 UNIT 6 Steel Structures 3.375 Chapter 1 mateRial SpecificationS and connectionS—Simple and eccentRic 3.377 Chapter 2 tenSion and compReSSion membeRS 3.401 Chapter 3 beamS 3.417 Chapter 4 plate giRdeRS and Roof tRuSSeS 3.424 Chapter 5 plaStic theoRy 3.431 UNIT 7 Geotechnical Engineering 3.447 Chapter 1 oRigin of SoilS and clay mineRalogy 3.449 Chapter 2 baSic definitionS and Simple teStS 3.454 Chapter 3 index pRopeRtieS and Soil claSSification 3.461 Chapter 4 peRmeability 3.470 Chapter 5 effectiVe StReSS and Seepage pReSSuRe 3.477 Chapter 6 Seepage analySiS, StReSS diStRibution and compaction 3.484 Chapter 7 conSolidation 3.495 Chapter 8 SheaR StRength 3.506 Chapter 9 eaRth pReSSuRe theoRieS 3.517 Chapter 10 Stability of SlopeS 3.529 Chapter 11 beaRing capacity 3.538 Chapter 12 pile foundation 3.550 Chapter 13 Soil exploRation 3.561 GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 7 5/24/2017 3:40:20 PM viii | Contents UNIT 8 Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics 3.571 Chapter 1 fluid pRopeRtieS and manometRy 3.573 Chapter 2 fluid pReSSuRe and buoyancy 3.599 Chapter 3 fluid kinematicS and dynamicS 3.619 Chapter 4 ViScouS floW of incompReSSible fluidS 3.656 Chapter 5 foRceS on immeRSed bodieS 3.688 Chapter 6 floW thRough open channelS 3.698 Chapter 7 dimenSional analySiS 3.728 Chapter 8 tuRbo machineRy 3.740 UNIT 9 Water Resources Engineering 3.765 Chapter 1 hydRologic cycle 3.767 Chapter 2 hydRogRaphS, flood Routing and Well hydRaulicS 3.781 Chapter 3 iRRigation 3.798 Chapter 4 gRaVity damS, SpillWayS, diVeRSion head WoRkS and Silt theoRieS 3.810 UNIT 10 Environmental Engineering 3.827 Chapter 1 WateR Supply engineeRing-i 3.829 Chapter 2 WateR Supply engineeRing-ii 3.843 Chapter 3 WaSte WateR engineeRing-i 3.863 Chapter 4 WaSte WateR engineeRing-ii 3.885 UNIT 11 Transportation Engineering 3.905 Chapter 1 tRanSpoRtation engineeRing 3.907 Chapter 2 highWay mateRialS 3.947 Chapter 3 paVementS deSign 3.960 Chapter 4 tRaffic engineeRing 3.974 UNIT 12 Geomatics Engineering 3.993 Chapter 1 fundamental conceptS and lineaR meaSuRementS 3.995 Chapter 2 compaSS and plane table SuRVeying 3.1008 Chapter 3 theodolite, tRaVeRSe SuRVey and omitted meaSuRementS 3.1017 Chapter 4 leVelling and contouRing 3.1026 Chapter 5 cuRVeS and tRiangulation SuRVey 3.1045 Chapter 6 Remote SenSing, photogRammetRy giS and gpS 3.1052 GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 8 5/24/2017 3:40:20 PM Preface Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is one of the preliminary tests for undergraduate subjects in Engineering/ Technology/Architecture and postgraduate subjects in Science stream only. The number of aspirants appearing for the GATE examination is increasing significantly every year, owing to multifac- eted opportunities open to any good performer. Apart from giving the aspirant a chance to pursue an M.Tech. from insti- tutions like the IITs /NITs, a good GATE score can be highly instrumental in landing the candidate a plush public sector job, as many PSUs are recruiting graduate engineers on the basis of their performance in GATE. The GATE examination pattern has undergone several changes over the years—sometimes apparent and sometimes subtle. It is bound to continue to do so with changing technological environment. GATE Civil Engineering, as a complete resource helps the aspirants be ready with conceptual understanding, and enables them to apply these concepts in various applications, rather than just proficiency with question types. Topics are handled in a comprehensive manner, beginning with the basics and progressing in a step-by-step manner along with a bottom-up approach. This allows the student to better understand the concept and to practice applicative techniques in a focused manner. The content has been systematically organized to facilitate easy understanding of all topics. The given examples will not only help the students to understand the concepts involved in the problems but also help to get a good idea about the different models of problems on a particular topic. Due care has also been taken to cover a very wide range of problems including questions that have been appearing over the last few years in GATE examination. The practice exercises in every chapter, contain questions ranging from simple to moderate to difficult level. These exer- cises are meant to hone the examination readiness over a period of time. At the end of each unit, practice tests have been placed. These tests will help the student assess their level of learning on a regular interval. This book has been prepared by a group of faculty who are highly experienced in training GATE candidates and are also subject matter experts. As a result, this book would serve as an effective tool for GATE aspirant to crack the examination. Salient Features of Revised Edition 1. Elaborate question bank covering previous 10 years’ GATE question papers 2. 3 free online mock tests for practice 3. Detailed coverage of key topics 4. Complete set of solved 2017 GATE online papers with chapter-wise analysis 5. Exhaustive pedagogy: (a) More than 1700 Solved Examples (b) More than 3500 Practice Questions (c) Unit-wise time-bound tests (d) Modular approach for easy understanding We would like to thank the below-mentioned reviewers for their valuable feedback and suggestions which has helped in shaping this book. Dr Narendra Dev HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, New Delhi Prof A K Gupta Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, New Delhi Dr Kamlesh kumar choudhary HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, JECRC Foundation, Jaipur, Rajasthan Dr Purushothama CT Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management, Mangaluru, Karnataka Dr Kavyashree MP Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management, Mangaluru, Karnataka Dr Sunil Kumar Rathor Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, JECRC Foundation, Jaipur, Rajasthan Despite our best efforts, some errors may have inadvertently crept into the book. Constructive comments and suggestions to further improve the book are welcome and shall be acknowledged gratefully. Wishing you all the very best! —Trishna Knowledge Systems GATE ECE_Prelims.indd 9 6/27/2017 4:10:30 PM